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1、句子成分句子成分*句子成分由句子成分由词词或或词组词组充当充当英英语语的的基基本本成成分分有有七七种种：_和和_主主语语、谓语谓语、表表语语、宾语宾语、定定语语、状状语语补语补语。1.I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主语语谓谓语语宾宾语语定定语语同同位位语语状状语语主语主语Jane is good at playing the piano.To see is to believe.Smoking is bad for health.The young should respect the old.What he has sa
2、id is true.谓语谓语简单谓语简单谓语:由由动词或动词词组动词或动词词组组成组成I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.复合谓语复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词由情态动词或助动词+动词动词;He can speak English well.He didnt go to school.表语表语在系动词后的部分就是表语，在系动词后的部分就是表语，系动词有系动词有:be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,tu
3、rn,become,get,grow,come,go etc.系动词不用于被动语态系动词不用于被动语态.The apple tastes sweet.1.The war was over.2.They seem to know the truth.3.Time is precious.4.Im not quite myself today.5.Who was the first?6.He is out of condition.7.The book is what I need.宾语宾语宾语分为宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指直接宾语指物物,间接宾语指人间接宾语指人.H
4、e gave me some books.间间接接宾宾语语直直接接宾宾语语.please pass me the book.He bought me some flowers.I like my job.I love you.He wanted to leave here.They enjoyed playing computer games.宾语补足语宾语补足语I found the book interesting.He made himself known to them.She asked me to lend her a hand.Please keep the dog out.We
5、 must keep it a secret.He is a clever boy.His father works in a steel work.There are 54students in our class.Do you known bettys sister?He bought some sleeping pills.There is a sleeping baby in bed.His spoken language is good.I met a friend on my way home.(形容词形容词)(名词名词)(数词数词)(名词的所有格名词的所有格)(动名词动名词)(现
6、在分词现在分词)(过去分词过去分词)(副词副词)定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。的品质与特征的。定语定语The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now?There is nothing interesting in this book.状语状语I will be back in a while.Th
7、ey are playing on the playground.He was late because he got up late.He got up so late that I missed the train.状状语语修修饰饰动动词词、形形容容词词、副副词词或或全全句句的的句句子子成成分分，说说明明方方式式、因因果果、条条件件、时时间间、地地点点、让让步、方向、程度、目的步、方向、程度、目的等等I waited to see you.He often went to school by bus.His parents died,leaving him an orphan.Please
8、 call me if it is necessary.This book is very interesting.He went to school in spite of his illness.He always comes late to school.八、同位八、同位语语：同同同同位位位位语语语语 当当当当两两两两个个个个指指指指同同同同一一一一事事事事物物物物的的的的句句句句子子子子成成成成分分分分放放放放在在在在同同同同等等等等位位位位置，就叫同位置，就叫同位置，就叫同位置，就叫同位语语语语。We students should study hard.(students是是we的
9、同位的同位语语，都是指同一批，都是指同一批学生学生）The hope that we could go to France was exciting.九、独立成分：九、独立成分：与全句没有与全句没有语语法关系的句子成分叫做句子的法关系的句子成分叫做句子的独立成分独立成分感感叹词叹词：oh,hello,aha,ah,等。等。肯定肯定词词:yes否定否定词词:no称呼称呼语语：称呼人的用称呼人的用语语。插入插入语语：一些句中插入的一些句中插入的 I think,I believe,等。等。如如:The story,I think,has never come to the end.一一)挑出下列句
10、中的挑出下列句中的宾语宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework.People all over the world speak English.How many new words did you learn last class?Some of the students in the school want to go swimming,how about you?The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.(二二)挑出下列句中的表挑出下列句中的表语语-The old man was feeling ver
11、y tired.-The leaves have turned yellow.-Soon They all became interested in the subject.(三三)挑出下列句中的定挑出下列句中的定语语1.What is your given name?2.I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.3.The man downstairs was trying to sleep.4.I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!(四四)挑出下列句中的挑出下列句中的宾语补宾语补足
12、足语语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.He asked her to take the boy out of school.She found it difficult to do the work.They call me Lily sometimes.I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.(五五)挑出下列句中的状挑出下列句中的状语语 There was a big smile on her face.Every night he heard the nois
13、e upstairs.He began to learn English when he was eleven.The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast.With the medicine box under her arm,Miss Li hurried off.She loves the library because she loves books.I am afraid that if youve lost it,you must pay for it.The students followed Uncle Wang to see
14、the other machine.基本句型基本句型主语主语+系动词系动词+表语（主系表）表语（主系表）主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词+（其他成分）（其他成分）主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语（主谓宾）宾语（主谓宾）主语主语+及物动词及物动词+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+宾补宾补划分句子成分划分句子成分1.You will tell your friend that youve got to school.2.But as the moon gave far too much light,I didnt dare open a window.3.An
15、other time five months ago,I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open.4.The dark,rainy evening,the wind,the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power.1.You will tell（your）friend that youve got to school.2.But as the moon gave far too much light,I didntdare open a window.3.Another time five months ago,I happened to beUpstairs at dusk(when the window was open).4.The(dark,rainy)evening,the wind,the thunderingClouds held me entirely in their power.主语谓语谓语间宾间宾定语直接宾语原因状语原因状语主语 谓语谓语宾语宾语