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1、代代 词词代词的分类代词的分类 人称代词人称代词 物主代词物主代词 反身代词反身代词 不定代词不定代词 指示代词指示代词 疑问代词疑问代词人称代词、物主代词、反身代词一表清人称代词、物主代词、反身代词一表清 分类分类人称、作用人称、作用人称代词人称代词物主代词物主代词反身代词反身代词主格主格宾格宾格形容词性形容词性名词性名词性第一人称第一人称单数单数Imemyminemyself复数复数weusouroursourselves第二人称第二人称单数单数youyouyouryoursyourself复数复数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称第三人称单数单数hehimhish
2、ishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself复数复数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves作用作用主语主语宾语、表语宾语、表语定语定语主语、表语、主语、表语、宾语宾语宾语、表语、宾语、表语、同位语同位语 1.1.1.1.人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格 *TheyThey all like all like himhim very much.very much.他们都很喜欢他。他们都很喜欢他。他们都很喜欢他。他
3、们都很喜欢他。*SheShe gave the books to gave the books to youyou and and meme.这些书是她送给你和我的这些书是她送给你和我的这些书是她送给你和我的这些书是她送给你和我的。一：人称代词一：人称代词 2.2.2.2.人称代词在作表语时，用宾格人称代词在作表语时，用宾格人称代词在作表语时，用宾格人称代词在作表语时，用宾格 *Whos knocking at the door?*Whos knocking at the door?Its Its meme.谁敲门？谁敲门？谁敲门？谁敲门？-是我。是我。是我。是我。3.3.3.3.人称代词在并
4、列使用时的顺序为人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为单数形式：（二、三、一）即：单数形式：（二、三、一）即：you/he/I复数形式：（一、二、三）即；复数形式：（一、二、三）即；we/you/they*You,she and IYou,she and I all enjoy the music.all enjoy the music.你她和我都喜欢音乐。你她和我都喜欢音乐。你她和我都喜欢音乐。你她和我都喜欢音乐。*We,you and theyWe,you and they all love our country.all love our c
5、ountry.4.4.4.4.sheshe可以用来代表国家、船只或车辆、大地、月可以用来代表国家、船只或车辆、大地、月可以用来代表国家、船只或车辆、大地、月可以用来代表国家、船只或车辆、大地、月亮等亮等亮等亮等 *We love our motherland,we hope We love our motherland,we hope sheshell be ll be stronger and bigger.stronger and bigger.我们热爱我们的祖国我们热爱我们的祖国我们热爱我们的祖国我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她更强大。我们希望她更强大。我们希望她更强大。我们希望她更强大。
6、*The ship is leaving.*The ship is leaving.SheShes on her first trip to s on her first trip to England.England.轮船要起航了。这是她第一次去英国。轮船要起航了。这是她第一次去英国。轮船要起航了。这是她第一次去英国。轮船要起航了。这是她第一次去英国。5.5.5.5.it it作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等时间、环境等时间、环境等时间、环境等 *What the we
7、ather like today?What the weather like today?It Its windy.s windy.今天的天气怎么样？今天的天气怎么样？今天的天气怎么样？今天的天气怎么样？-有风。有风。有风。有风。*It Its about five minutes walk from home to s about five minutes walk from home to school.school.从家到学校的路程大约从家到学校的路程大约从家到学校的路程大约从家到学校的路程大约5 5 5 5分钟。分钟。分钟。分钟。6.6.6.6.it it可作为形式主语、将不定式、动名
8、词等构成的可作为形式主语、将不定式、动名词等构成的可作为形式主语、将不定式、动名词等构成的可作为形式主语、将不定式、动名词等构成的主语后移，使句子显得平稳主语后移，使句子显得平稳主语后移，使句子显得平稳主语后移，使句子显得平稳 *Its hard to reach the apples.*Its hard to reach the apples.很难够到苹果。很难够到苹果。很难够到苹果。很难够到苹果。*Its good for you taking a walk after supper.*Its good for you taking a walk after supper.对你来说饭后散步
9、是有好处的。对你来说饭后散步是有好处的。对你来说饭后散步是有好处的。对你来说饭后散步是有好处的。二：二：物主代词物主代词1.1.1.1.形容词性物主代词在句子中做定语修饰名词，形容词性物主代词在句子中做定语修饰名词，一般不单独使用。一般不单独使用。在句中只能作定语在句中只能作定语在句中只能作定语在句中只能作定语 *MyMyMyMy brother is a worker.brother is a worker.brother is a worker.brother is a worker.我弟弟是个工人。我弟弟是个工人。我弟弟是个工人。我弟弟是个工人。*HisHisHisHis parents
10、 are very friendly.parents are very friendly.parents are very friendly.parents are very friendly.他的父母非常友善。他的父母非常友善。他的父母非常友善。他的父母非常友善。2.2.2.2.名词性物主代词常用来避免与前面提及的名词名词性物主代词常用来避免与前面提及的名词重复，相当于重复，相当于“形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词+名词名词”。eg:This is my dictionary.Where is yours?eg:This is my dictionary.Where is yours?名词性
11、物主代词在句中可作主语、名词性物主代词在句中可作主语、名词性物主代词在句中可作主语、名词性物主代词在句中可作主语、表语表语表语表语和宾语和宾语和宾语和宾语 *Whose book is this?Whose book is this?Its mine.Its mine.这书是谁的？这书是谁的？这书是谁的？这书是谁的？-我的。我的。我的。我的。*Our room is big and theirs is small.*Our room is big and theirs is small.我们的房间大，他们的房间小。我们的房间大，他们的房间小。我们的房间大，他们的房间小。我们的房间大，他们的房间
12、小。*You may use my pen.Ill use hers.*You may use my pen.Ill use hers.你可以用我的笔，我用他的好了。你可以用我的笔，我用他的好了。你可以用我的笔，我用他的好了。你可以用我的笔，我用他的好了。3.3.3.3.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系：形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词+名词名词名词名词=名词性物主代词名词性物主代词名词性物主代词名词性物主代词 *These books
13、arent ours.Ours are new.*These books arent ours.Ours are new.(our books=ours)(our books=ours)*This is not our room.Ours is over there.*This is not our room.Ours is over there.(our room=ours)(our room=ours)4.4.4.4.名词性物主代词可用在名词性物主代词可用在ofof后面做定语，相当后面做定语，相当于于“of+“of+名词所有格名词所有格”，表示所属表示所属表示所属表示所属表示带有部表示带有
14、部分概念或有一定的感情色彩。分概念或有一定的感情色彩。eg:He is a friend of mine.eg:He is a friend of mine.*A sister of his is a nurse.A sister of his is a nurse.A sister of his is a nurse.A sister of his is a nurse.他的一个妹妹是个护士。他的一个妹妹是个护士。他的一个妹妹是个护士。他的一个妹妹是个护士。*Tom is a friend of mine *Tom is a friend of mine *Tom is a friend o
15、f mine *Tom is a friend of mine 汤姆是我的一个朋友汤姆是我的一个朋友汤姆是我的一个朋友汤姆是我的一个朋友三、反身代词的用法三、反身代词的用法定义：定义：反身代词又称自身代词，由第一人称、反身代词又称自身代词，由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词和第三人称人称第二人称形容词性物主代词和第三人称人称代词宾格，单数加词尾代词宾格，单数加词尾selfself、复数加词尾、复数加词尾selves selves 构成。构成。在句子中，反身代词可作动词或介词的在句子中，反身代词可作动词或介词的宾语、表语、主语或者宾语的同位语。宾语、表语、主语或者宾语的同位语。（一）作动词的宾
16、语（一）作动词的宾语反身代词可以与反身代词可以与enjoy,hurt,teach,look enjoy,hurt,teach,look afterafter等词连用，表明动作的承受者就是主语本身。等词连用，表明动作的承受者就是主语本身。1.enjoy oneself=have a good time1.enjoy oneself=have a good time Did you enjoy yourself at the party last Did you enjoy yourself at the party last night?night?2.help oneself(to sth.)
17、2.help oneself(to sth.)随便吃点什么，后随便吃点什么，后面可接食物，一般用在宴会当中，用来招呼客人面可接食物，一般用在宴会当中，用来招呼客人的用语。的用语。Help yourselves to some fruit.Help yourselves to some fruit.3.hurt oneself 3.hurt oneself 伤着自己伤着自己 She didnt hurt herself.She didnt hurt herself.4.teach oneself=learn by oneself4.teach oneself=learn by oneself自学
18、自学 Did you teach yourself English?Did you teach yourself English?=Did you learn English by yourself?=Did you learn English by yourself?5.look after oneself 5.look after oneself 照顾自己照顾自己 I can look after myself well.I can look after myself well.6.say to oneself6.say to oneself自言自语自言自语 Mary said to he
19、rself,“What shall I Mary said to herself,“What shall I do?”do?”e to e to oneself苏醒苏醒 Soon the boy came to herself.Soon the boy came to herself.8.make oneself+8.make oneself+过去分词，使自己被别人过去分词，使自己被别人 She did her best to make herself She did her best to make herself understood.understood.9.lose oneself i
20、n 9.lose oneself in 沉浸于沉浸于陶醉于陶醉于 They both lost themselves in the They both lost themselves in the beautiful music.beautiful music.（二）（二）反身代词和介词连用构成介词宾语反身代词和介词连用构成介词宾语1.by oneself=alone1.by oneself=alone自己做自己做 She has done her homework by herself.She has done her homework by herself.2.for oneself2.f
21、or oneself为自己为自己 She made the skirt for herself.She made the skirt for herself.3.of oneself3.of oneself自然而然的、自动的自然而然的、自动的 The door opened of itself.The door opened of itself.4.among themselves4.among themselves在他们中间在他们中间 They are discussing the matter among They are discussing the matter among thems
22、elves.themselves.（三）作表语（三）作表语反身代词可与反身代词可与bebe动词或系动词连用，表示或描述一种动词或系动词连用，表示或描述一种感觉、情绪或状态。感觉、情绪或状态。The little boy was myself.The little boy was myself.（四）用作主语或宾语的同位语，往往用来加强名词（四）用作主语或宾语的同位语，往往用来加强名词或代词的语气，在句中可置于名词、代词之前、之后或代词的语气，在句中可置于名词、代词之前、之后或句子末尾。或句子末尾。1.1.作主语的同位语作主语的同位语 He himself wrote the words and
23、 music of He himself wrote the words and music of the songs.the songs.2.2.作宾语的同位语作宾语的同位语 I will give the letter to your brother I will give the letter to your brother himself.himself.代代 词词(二二)四、指示代词四、指示代词this/that/these/those单数单数复数复数用法用法1用法用法2thisthese近指近指指下文将要提及的事指下文将要提及的事thatthose远指远指指前面刚提过的事指前面刚提
24、过的事1.this,these1.this,these指在方位上较近的人或物指在方位上较近的人或物指在方位上较近的人或物指在方位上较近的人或物 that,those that,those指在方位上较远的人或物指在方位上较远的人或物指在方位上较远的人或物指在方位上较远的人或物 *This is my shirt,thats yours.*This is my shirt,thats yours.*These TVs are made in China,those are *These TVs are made in China,those are made in Japan.made in Ja
25、pan.指示代词表示空间和时间远近关系的代词包括指示代词表示空间和时间远近关系的代词包括指示代词表示空间和时间远近关系的代词包括指示代词表示空间和时间远近关系的代词包括:this/that(this/that(单数单数单数单数)these/those()these/those(复数复数复数复数)2.2.2.2.that,thosethat,those常指前面提过的东西常指前面提过的东西常指前面提过的东西常指前面提过的东西,以免重复以免重复以免重复以免重复 *These boxes are heavier than those on the desk.These boxes are heavie
26、r than those on the desk.3.3.3.3.刚才提到的事情，在英文中用刚才提到的事情，在英文中用刚才提到的事情，在英文中用刚才提到的事情，在英文中用thatthat *He was ill yesterday.Im sorry to hear that.He was ill yesterday.Im sorry to hear that.【辨析】【辨析】one,it,that it 常用来特指上下文提到的事物，用来指可数常用来特指上下文提到的事物，用来指可数名词或者不可数名词，名词或者不可数名词，oneone泛指上下文提及的同类泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一份子，用于代替
27、可数名词，事物中的一份子，用于代替可数名词，thatthat常用常用在比较等级中，代表前面提到的名词，以避免重在比较等级中，代表前面提到的名词，以避免重复。复。The book is mine.It is very interesting.I have some apples.You can have one.The weather of Zhengzhou is much wetter than that of Shanghai.五、五、不定代词不定代词不定代词不定代词 不指明代替特定名词（或形容词）的代词不指明代替特定名词（或形容词）的代词不指明代替特定名词（或形容词）的代词不指明代替特定
28、名词（或形容词）的代词 all,each,every,both,either,neither all,each,every,both,either,neither,none,none,one,little,few,many,much one,little,few,many,much,other,another,other,another,some,any,nosome,any,no 由由由由some,any,no,every some,any,no,every 等构成的合成代词等构成的合成代词等构成的合成代词等构成的合成代词指物指物指人指人everythingeveryone，everybod
29、ysomethingsomeone，somebodyanythinganyone，anybody nothingno one,nobody几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词1.some/any1.some/any1.some/any1.some/any some some 常用于肯定句中，常用于肯定句中，There are some There are some There are some There are some flowers in front of the house.flowers in fro
30、nt of the house.flowers in front of the house.flowers in front of the house.当说话者期望当说话者期望得到对方的肯定回答或表示请求建议时，可以用得到对方的肯定回答或表示请求建议时，可以用在疑问句中在疑问句中.-Would you like some bread?-Would you like some bread?-Yes,please.-Yes,please.May I ask you some questions?May I ask you some questions?May I ask you some ques
31、tions?May I ask you some questions?Will you give me some water?Will you give me some water?Will you give me some water?Will you give me some water?any any常用于否定句和疑问句中，当常用于否定句和疑问句中，当anyany表示表示“任任何何”时，可用于肯定句。时，可用于肯定句。Do you have any pictures?Do you have any pictures?Do you have any pictures?Do you have
32、 any pictures?There arent any students in the There arent any students in the classroom.classroom.2.many/much2.many/much2.many/much2.many/much many many many many 修饰或指代复数可数名词修饰或指代复数可数名词修饰或指代复数可数名词修饰或指代复数可数名词 *There are many eggs in the basket.*There are many eggs in the basket.*There are many eggs i
33、n the basket.*There are many eggs in the basket.*Many of us like playing games.*Many of us like playing games.*Many of us like playing games.*Many of us like playing games.much much much much 修饰或指代不可数名词修饰或指代不可数名词修饰或指代不可数名词修饰或指代不可数名词 *He doesnt know much English.*He doesnt know much English.*He doesn
34、t know much English.*He doesnt know much English.3.another/other3.another/other3.another/other3.another/other another another another another 泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个 *I dont want this apple.Please show me *I dont want this apple.Please show me *I dont want this apple
35、.Please show me *I dont want this apple.Please show me another.another.another.another.other other other other 后面接名词，泛指别的、其他的后面接名词，泛指别的、其他的后面接名词，泛指别的、其他的后面接名词，泛指别的、其他的 *Do you have any other questions?*Do you have any other questions?*Do you have any other questions?*Do you have any other questions?
36、4.4.4.4.the other/others/the others the other/others/the others the other the other 1.1.特指两个中的另一个特指两个中的另一个特指两个中的另一个特指两个中的另一个“onethe other”“onethe other”“onethe other”“onethe other”*He has two sons.One is a worker,the other is *He has two sons.One is a worker,the other is a doctor.a doctor.2.2.修饰名词，特
37、指另一个、另一些修饰名词，特指另一个、另一些修饰名词，特指另一个、另一些修饰名词，特指另一个、另一些 *Tom likes swimming,and the other boys in his *Tom likes swimming,and the other boys in his class like swimming,too.class like swimming,too.othersothers泛指其他的人或物泛指其他的人或物泛指其他的人或物泛指其他的人或物 *He often helps others.*He often helps others.*Some are playing
38、basketball,others are playing *Some are playing basketball,others are playing football.football.the others the others 特指确定范围内剩下的全部的人或物。特指确定范围内剩下的全部的人或物。特指确定范围内剩下的全部的人或物。特指确定范围内剩下的全部的人或物。*There are fifty students in our class.Twenty of *There are fifty students in our class.Twenty of them are girls,t
39、he others are boys.them are girls,the others are boys.v图解图解other系列不定代词系列不定代词 one（一个）（一个）the other（另一个）（另一个）one（一个）（一个）another（其余的任一个）（其余的任一个）one（一个）（一个）the others（其余的全部）（其余的全部）some（一些）（一些）others（其余的一部分）（其余的一部分）some（一些）（一些）the others（其余的全部）（其余的全部）5.5.5.5.few/a few/little/a littlefew/a few/little/a li
40、ttle few/a few few/a few 修饰可数名词修饰可数名词修饰可数名词修饰可数名词 little/a little little/a little 修饰不可数名词修饰不可数名词修饰不可数名词修饰不可数名词 few,little few,little 表示否定意义表示否定意义表示否定意义表示否定意义,译为译为译为译为“没有几个没有几个没有几个没有几个”,“”,“”,“”,“没没没没有多少有多少有多少有多少”a few,a little a few,a little 表示肯定意义表示肯定意义表示肯定意义表示肯定意义,译为译为译为译为“有几个有几个有几个有几个”，“有一点有一点有一点
41、有一点”*There are few people living here.*There are few people living here.这里几乎没人住。这里几乎没人住。这里几乎没人住。这里几乎没人住。*There are a few students in the classroom.*There are a few students in the classroom.教室里有一些学生。教室里有一些学生。教室里有一些学生。教室里有一些学生。*I know little English.*I know little English.我不懂英语。我不懂英语。我不懂英语。我不懂英语。*The
42、re is a little milk in the bottle.*There is a little milk in the bottle.瓶子里有些牛奶。瓶子里有些牛奶。瓶子里有些牛奶。瓶子里有些牛奶。few few 和和和和 little little 与与与与 quite quite 或或或或 only only 连用时，常加不定连用时，常加不定连用时，常加不定连用时，常加不定冠词冠词冠词冠词 a a *There are quite a few new books in the library.*There are quite a few new books in the libr
43、ary.图书馆里颇有些新书。图书馆里颇有些新书。图书馆里颇有些新书。图书馆里颇有些新书。6.6.6.6.every/eachevery/each everyevery单数名词单数名词单数名词单数名词,表示表示表示表示“每一个每一个每一个每一个”,”,”,”,强调共性、强调共性、强调共性、强调共性、整体整体整体整体,只作定语只作定语只作定语只作定语,形式上为单数形式上为单数形式上为单数形式上为单数.不与不与不与不与of of 连用连用连用连用 *Every child likes playing games.*Every child likes playing games.each each 表
44、示表示表示表示“每一个每一个每一个每一个”,”,”,”,强调个性强调个性强调个性强调个性,作定语主语、作定语主语、作定语主语、作定语主语、宾语和同位语宾语和同位语宾语和同位语宾语和同位语,常与常与常与常与of of 连用连用连用连用 *Each student was asked to try again.*Each student was asked to try again.*Each of them has a new book.*Each of them has a new book.7.7.7.7.all/noneall/none all all“(“(“(“(全部全部全部全部)都都
45、都都”,”,”,”,表示三者或三者以上，作同表示三者或三者以上，作同表示三者或三者以上，作同表示三者或三者以上，作同位位位位语时语时语时语时,一般放在连系动词、助动词之后一般放在连系动词、助动词之后一般放在连系动词、助动词之后一般放在连系动词、助动词之后,行为动词行为动词行为动词行为动词之前之前之前之前 *We are all from China.*We are all from China.They all like English.They all like English.none none“没有没有没有没有”,”,”,”,表示三者或三者以上都不表示三者或三者以上都不表示三者或三者以上
46、都不表示三者或三者以上都不,后常后常后常后常跟跟跟跟介词介词介词介词ofof（谓语动词单、复数均可）（谓语动词单、复数均可）（谓语动词单、复数均可）（谓语动词单、复数均可）*None of us is/are afraid of dogs.*None of us is/are afraid of dogs.8.8.8.8.both/either/neitherboth/either/neither both both“（两者）都（两者）都（两者）都（两者）都”,”,”,”,作主语时看作复数作主语时看作复数作主语时看作复数作主语时看作复数;作定语作定语作定语作定语时后跟名词复数时后跟名词复数时后
47、跟名词复数时后跟名词复数 *My parents are both teachers.*My parents are both teachers.=Both of my parents are teachers.=Both of my parents are teachers.neither neither“(“(“(“(两者两者两者两者)都不都不都不都不”,”,”,”,含有否定意义含有否定意义含有否定意义含有否定意义,作主语时作主语时作主语时作主语时谓语用第三人称单数谓语用第三人称单数谓语用第三人称单数谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时后跟名词单数作定语时后跟名词单数作定语时后跟名词单数作定语时后
48、跟名词单数.*Neither answer is right.*Neither answer is right.either either“两者中任何一个两者中任何一个两者中任何一个两者中任何一个”,”,”,”,作主语时谓语用第三人作主语时谓语用第三人作主语时谓语用第三人作主语时谓语用第三人 称单数称单数称单数称单数;作定语时后跟名词单数作定语时后跟名词单数作定语时后跟名词单数作定语时后跟名词单数.*There are trees on either side of the street.*There are trees on either side of the street.=There
49、are trees on both sides of the street.=There are trees on both sides of the street.有关词组及应用有关词组及应用有关词组及应用有关词组及应用 1.both of/either of/neither of1.both of/either of/neither of *Both of them swim well.*Both of them swim well.他们俩都游得很好。他们俩都游得很好。他们俩都游得很好。他们俩都游得很好。*Either of you goes to Beijing.*Either of y
50、ou goes to Beijing.你们俩随便谁去北京都可以。你们俩随便谁去北京都可以。你们俩随便谁去北京都可以。你们俩随便谁去北京都可以。*Neither of them stopped to have a rest.*Neither of them stopped to have a rest.他们俩谁都不停下来休息。他们俩谁都不停下来休息。他们俩谁都不停下来休息。他们俩谁都不停下来休息。2.bothand2.bothand（谓语动词用复数形式）（谓语动词用复数形式）（谓语动词用复数形式）（谓语动词用复数形式）eitheror/neithernor eitheror/neithernor