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1、代代 词词 滨海三中 孙星君代词的分类代词的分类 人称代词人称代词 物主代词物主代词 反身代词反身代词 不定代词不定代词 指示代词指示代词 疑问代词疑问代词人称代词1人称代词有人称、数和格的变化；人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格用作主语，宾格用作宾语，这一考点成为了考查代词的主要形式之一，并且越来越受到各地的欢迎。具体变化见下表：人称格数单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称I(我)me(我)we(我们)us(我们)第二人称you(你)you(你)you(你们)you(你们)第三人称he(他)him(他)she(她)her(她)it(它)it(它)they(他/她/它们)them(他/她/它们)1
2、.1.1.1.人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格 *TheyThey all like all like himhim very much.very much.他们都很喜欢他。他们都很喜欢他。他们都很喜欢他。他们都很喜欢他。*SheShe gave the books to gave the books to youyou and and meme.这些书是她送给你和我的这些书是她送给你和我的这些书是她送给你和我的这些书是她送给你和我的。1.1.1.1.人称代词作主语时用主格，
3、作宾语时用宾格人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格 *TheyThey all like all like himhim very much.very much.他们都很喜欢他。他们都很喜欢他。他们都很喜欢他。他们都很喜欢他。*SheShe gave the books to gave the books to youyou and and meme.这些书是她送给你和我的这些书是她送给你和我的这些书是她送给你和我的这些书是她送给你和我的。一：人称代词一：人称代词2.it2.it可作为形式主语、将不定式、动名词等构成
4、的可作为形式主语、将不定式、动名词等构成的可作为形式主语、将不定式、动名词等构成的可作为形式主语、将不定式、动名词等构成的主语后移，使句子显得平稳主语后移，使句子显得平稳主语后移，使句子显得平稳主语后移，使句子显得平稳 *Its hard to reach the apples.*Its hard to reach the apples.很难够到苹果。很难够到苹果。很难够到苹果。很难够到苹果。*Its good for you *Its good for you takingtaking a walk after supper.a walk after supper.对你来说饭后散步是有好处的
5、。对你来说饭后散步是有好处的。对你来说饭后散步是有好处的。对你来说饭后散步是有好处的。2.2.2.2.名词性物主代词常用来避免与前面提及的名词名词性物主代词常用来避免与前面提及的名词重复，相当于重复，相当于“形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词+名词名词”。eg:This is my dictionary.Where is yours?eg:This is my dictionary.Where is yours?名词性物主代词在句中可作主语、名词性物主代词在句中可作主语、名词性物主代词在句中可作主语、名词性物主代词在句中可作主语、表语表语表语表语和宾语和宾语和宾语和宾语 *Whose book
6、is this?Whose book is this?Its Its minemine.这书是谁的？这书是谁的？这书是谁的？这书是谁的？-我的。我的。我的。我的。*Our room is big and *Our room is big and theirstheirs is small.is small.我们的房间大，他们的房间小。我们的房间大，他们的房间小。我们的房间大，他们的房间小。我们的房间大，他们的房间小。*You may use my pen.Ill use *You may use my pen.Ill use hershers.你可以用我的笔，我用他的好了。你可以用我的笔，我用
7、他的好了。你可以用我的笔，我用他的好了。你可以用我的笔，我用他的好了。3.3.3.3.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系：形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词+名词名词名词名词=名词性物主代词名词性物主代词名词性物主代词名词性物主代词 *These books arent ours.Ours are new.*These books arent ours.Ours are new.(our books=ours)(our books=ours)
8、*This is not our room.Ours is over there.*This is not our room.Ours is over there.(our room=ours)(our room=ours)4.4.4.4.名词性物主代词可用在名词性物主代词可用在ofof后面做定语，相当后面做定语，相当于于“of+“of+名词所有格名词所有格”，表示所属表示所属表示所属表示所属表示带有部表示带有部分概念或有一定的感情色彩。分概念或有一定的感情色彩。eg:He is eg:He is a friend of minea friend of mine.*A sister of hi
9、sA sister of hisA sister of hisA sister of his is a nurse.is a nurse.is a nurse.is a nurse.他的一个妹妹是个护士。他的一个妹妹是个护士。他的一个妹妹是个护士。他的一个妹妹是个护士。*Tom is *Tom is *Tom is *Tom is a friend of minea friend of minea friend of minea friend of mine 汤姆是我的一个朋友汤姆是我的一个朋友汤姆是我的一个朋友汤姆是我的一个朋友三、反身代词的用法三、反身代词的用法定义：定义：反身代词又称自身
10、代词，由第一人称、反身代词又称自身代词，由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词和第三人称人称第二人称形容词性物主代词和第三人称人称代词宾格，单数加词尾代词宾格，单数加词尾selfself、复数加词尾、复数加词尾selvesselves 构成。构成。在句子中，反身代词可作动词或介词的在句子中，反身代词可作动词或介词的宾语、表语、主语或者宾语的同位语。宾语、表语、主语或者宾语的同位语。反身代词是人称代词的强调形式，一般用在宾语和主语是同一个人的情况下，或用来强调某人亲自怎样。单数后加self，复数后加selves；不定代词one也有反身代词oneself。英语中用来表示“我自己”，“你自己”，“他自
11、己”，“我们自己”，“你们自己”等意义的代词称为反身代词，有人称和数的变化。反身代词可以在句中作宾语、表语、同位语。具体变化见下表：数人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimselfherself itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves反身代词的常见搭配：enjoy oneself玩得高兴；过得愉快hurt oneself伤着自己teach oneself learnby oneself自学(all)by oneself(完全)独立地help oneself to请自便；随便吃look after oneself自理；照顾自己lea
12、ve one by oneself把单独留下lose oneself in陶醉于；沉浸于（一）作动词的宾语（一）作动词的宾语反身代词可以与反身代词可以与enjoy,hurt,teach,look enjoy,hurt,teach,look afterafter等词连用，表明动作的承受者就是主语本身。等词连用，表明动作的承受者就是主语本身。1.1.enjoy oneselfenjoy oneself=have a good time=have a good time Did you enjoy yourself at the party last Did you enjoy yourself a
13、t the party last night?night?2.2.help oneself(to sth.)help oneself(to sth.)随便吃点什么，后随便吃点什么，后面可接食物，一般用在宴会当中，用来招呼客人面可接食物，一般用在宴会当中，用来招呼客人的用语。的用语。Help yourselves to some fruit.Help yourselves to some fruit.3.hurt oneself 3.hurt oneself 伤着自己伤着自己 She didnt hurt herself.She didnt hurt herself.4.4.teach ones
14、elf=learn by oneselfteach oneself=learn by oneself自学自学 Did you teach yourself English?Did you teach yourself English?=Did you learn English by yourself?=Did you learn English by yourself?5.5.look after oneselflook after oneself 照顾自己照顾自己 I can look after myself well.I can look after myself well.6.say
15、 to oneself6.say to oneself自言自语自言自语 Mary said to herself,“What shall I Mary said to herself,“What shall I do?”do?”e to e to oneself苏醒苏醒 Soon the boy came to herself.Soon the boy came to herself.8.make oneself+8.make oneself+过去分词，使自己被别人过去分词，使自己被别人 She did her best to make herself She did her best to
16、make herself understood.understood.9.lose oneself in 9.lose oneself in 沉浸于沉浸于陶醉于陶醉于 They both lost themselves in the They both lost themselves in the beautiful music.beautiful music.（三）作表语（三）作表语反身代词可与反身代词可与bebe动词或系动词连用，表示或描述一种动词或系动词连用，表示或描述一种感觉、情绪或状态。感觉、情绪或状态。The little boy was The little boy was my
17、selfmyself.（四）用作主语或宾语的同位语，往往用来加强名词（四）用作主语或宾语的同位语，往往用来加强名词或代词的语气，在句中可置于名词、代词之前、之后或代词的语气，在句中可置于名词、代词之前、之后或句子末尾。或句子末尾。1.1.作主语的同位语作主语的同位语 He He himselfhimself wrote the words and music of wrote the words and music of the songs.the songs.2.2.作宾语的同位语作宾语的同位语 I will give the letter to your brother I will gi
18、ve the letter to your brother himselfhimself.四指示代词指示代词包括：this，that，these，those。this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those则指在时间或空间上较远的事物或人。有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物。如：I had a cold.Thats why I didnt come.有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替。如：Television sets made in Beijing are just as good
19、as those made in Shanghai.this在电话用语中代表自己，that则代表对方。如：Hello！This is Mary.Is that Jack speaking?2.2.2.2.that,thosethat,those常指前面提过的东西常指前面提过的东西常指前面提过的东西常指前面提过的东西,以免重复以免重复以免重复以免重复 *These boxes are heavier than those on the desk.These boxes are heavier than those on the desk.3.3.3.3.刚才提到的事情，在英文中用刚才提到的事情，
20、在英文中用刚才提到的事情，在英文中用刚才提到的事情，在英文中用thatthat *He was ill yesterday.Im sorry to hear that.He was ill yesterday.Im sorry to hear that.【辨析】【辨析】one,it,that it 常用来特指上下文提到的事物，用来指可数常用来特指上下文提到的事物，用来指可数名词或者不可数名词，名词或者不可数名词，oneone泛指上下文提及的同类泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一份子，用于代替可数名词，事物中的一份子，用于代替可数名词，thatthat常用常用在比较等级中，代表前面提到的名词，以避免
21、重在比较等级中，代表前面提到的名词，以避免重复。复。The book is mine.It is very interesting.I have some apples.You can have one.The weather of Zhengzhou is much wetter than that of Shanghai.五、五、不定代词不定代词不定代词不定代词 不指明代替特定名词（或形容词）的代词不指明代替特定名词（或形容词）的代词不指明代替特定名词（或形容词）的代词不指明代替特定名词（或形容词）的代词 all,each,every,both,either,neither all,eac
22、h,every,both,either,neither,none,none,one,little,few,many,much one,little,few,many,much,other,another,other,another,some,any,nosome,any,no 由由由由some,any,no,every some,any,no,every 等构成的合成代词等构成的合成代词等构成的合成代词等构成的合成代词指物指物指人指人everythingeveryone，everybodysomethingsomeone，somebodyanythinganyone，anybody nothi
23、ngno one,nobody几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词1.some/any1.some/any1.some/any1.some/any some some 常用于肯定句中，常用于肯定句中，There are some There are some There are some There are some flowers in front of the house.flowers in front of the house.flowers in front of the house.flowers
24、in front of the house.当说话者期望当说话者期望得到对方的肯定回答或表示请求建议时，可以用得到对方的肯定回答或表示请求建议时，可以用在疑问句中在疑问句中.-Would you like some bread?-Would you like some bread?-Yes,please.-Yes,please.May I ask you some questions?May I ask you some questions?May I ask you some questions?May I ask you some questions?Will you give me so
25、me water?Will you give me some water?Will you give me some water?Will you give me some water?any any常用于否定句和疑问句中，当常用于否定句和疑问句中，当anyany表示表示“任任何何”时，可用于肯定句。时，可用于肯定句。Do you have any pictures?Do you have any pictures?Do you have any pictures?Do you have any pictures?There arent any students in the There ar
26、ent any students in the classroom.classroom.2.many/much2.many/much2.many/much2.many/much many many many many 修饰或指代复数可数名词修饰或指代复数可数名词修饰或指代复数可数名词修饰或指代复数可数名词 *There are many eggs in the basket.*There are many eggs in the basket.*There are many eggs in the basket.*There are many eggs in the basket.*Many
27、of us like playing games.*Many of us like playing games.*Many of us like playing games.*Many of us like playing games.much much much much 修饰或指代不可数名词修饰或指代不可数名词修饰或指代不可数名词修饰或指代不可数名词 *He doesnt know much English.*He doesnt know much English.*He doesnt know much English.*He doesnt know much English.3.ano
28、ther/other3.another/other3.another/other3.another/other another another another another 泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个 *I dont want this apple.Please show me *I dont want this apple.Please show me *I dont want this apple.Please show me *I dont want this apple.Please show me
29、 another.another.another.another.other other other other 后面接名词，泛指别的、其他的后面接名词，泛指别的、其他的后面接名词，泛指别的、其他的后面接名词，泛指别的、其他的 *Do you have any other questions?*Do you have any other questions?*Do you have any other questions?*Do you have any other questions?4.4.4.4.the other/others/the others the other/others/t
30、he others the other the other 1.1.特指两个中的另一个特指两个中的另一个特指两个中的另一个特指两个中的另一个“onethe other”“onethe other”“onethe other”“onethe other”*He has two sons.One is a worker,the other is *He has two sons.One is a worker,the other is a doctor.a doctor.2.2.修饰名词，特指另一个、另一些修饰名词，特指另一个、另一些修饰名词，特指另一个、另一些修饰名词，特指另一个、另一些 *To
31、m likes swimming,and the other boys in his *Tom likes swimming,and the other boys in his class like swimming,too.class like swimming,too.othersothers泛指其他的人或物泛指其他的人或物泛指其他的人或物泛指其他的人或物 *He often helps others.*He often helps others.*Some are playing basketball,others are playing *Some are playing basket
32、ball,others are playing football.football.the others the others 特指确定范围内剩下的全部的人或物。特指确定范围内剩下的全部的人或物。特指确定范围内剩下的全部的人或物。特指确定范围内剩下的全部的人或物。*There are fifty students in our class.Twenty of *There are fifty students in our class.Twenty of them are girls,the others are boys.them are girls,the others are boys.
33、v图解图解other系列不定代词系列不定代词 one（一个）（一个）the other（另一个）（另一个）one（一个）（一个）another（其余的任一个）（其余的任一个）one（一个）（一个）the others（其余的全部）（其余的全部）some（一些）（一些）others（其余的一部分）（其余的一部分）some（一些）（一些）the others（其余的全部）（其余的全部）5.5.5.5.few/a few/little/a littlefew/a few/little/a little few/a few few/a few 修饰可数名词修饰可数名词修饰可数名词修饰可数名词 litt
34、le/a little little/a little 修饰不可数名词修饰不可数名词修饰不可数名词修饰不可数名词 few,little few,little 表示否定意义表示否定意义表示否定意义表示否定意义,译为译为译为译为“没有几个没有几个没有几个没有几个”,“”,“”,“”,“没没没没有多少有多少有多少有多少”a few,a little a few,a little 表示肯定意义表示肯定意义表示肯定意义表示肯定意义,译为译为译为译为“有几个有几个有几个有几个”，“有一点有一点有一点有一点”6.6.6.6.every/eachevery/each everyevery单数名词单数名词单数名
35、词单数名词,表示表示表示表示“每一个每一个每一个每一个”,”,”,”,强调共性、强调共性、强调共性、强调共性、整体整体整体整体,只作定语只作定语只作定语只作定语,形式上为单数形式上为单数形式上为单数形式上为单数.不与不与不与不与of of 连用连用连用连用 *Every child likes playing games.*Every child likes playing games.each each 表示表示表示表示“每一个每一个每一个每一个”,”,”,”,强调个性强调个性强调个性强调个性,作定语主语、作定语主语、作定语主语、作定语主语、宾语和同位语宾语和同位语宾语和同位语宾语和同位语,
36、常与常与常与常与of of 连用连用连用连用 *Each student was asked to try again.*Each student was asked to try again.*Each of them has a new book.*Each of them has a new book.7.7.7.7.all/noneall/none all all“(“(“(“(全部全部全部全部)都都都都”,”,”,”,表示三者或三者以上，作同表示三者或三者以上，作同表示三者或三者以上，作同表示三者或三者以上，作同位位位位语时语时语时语时,一般放在连系动词、助动词之后一般放在连系动词、
37、助动词之后一般放在连系动词、助动词之后一般放在连系动词、助动词之后,行为动词行为动词行为动词行为动词之前之前之前之前 *We are all from China.*We are all from China.They all like English.They all like English.none none“没有没有没有没有”,”,”,”,表示三者或三者以上都不表示三者或三者以上都不表示三者或三者以上都不表示三者或三者以上都不,后常后常后常后常跟跟跟跟介词介词介词介词ofof（谓语动词单、复数均可）（谓语动词单、复数均可）（谓语动词单、复数均可）（谓语动词单、复数均可）*None of
38、 us is/are afraid of dogs.*None of us is/are afraid of dogs.8.8.8.8.both/either/neitherboth/either/neither both both“（两者）都（两者）都（两者）都（两者）都”,”,”,”,作主语时看作复数作主语时看作复数作主语时看作复数作主语时看作复数;作定语作定语作定语作定语时后跟名词复数时后跟名词复数时后跟名词复数时后跟名词复数 *My parents are both teachers.*My parents are both teachers.=Both of my parents a
39、re teachers.=Both of my parents are teachers.neither neither“(“(“(“(两者两者两者两者)都不都不都不都不”,”,”,”,含有否定意义含有否定意义含有否定意义含有否定意义,作主语时作主语时作主语时作主语时谓语用第三人称单数谓语用第三人称单数谓语用第三人称单数谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时后跟名词单数作定语时后跟名词单数作定语时后跟名词单数作定语时后跟名词单数.*Neither answer is right.*Neither answer is right.either either“两者中任何一个两者中任何一个两者中任何一个两者中
40、任何一个”,”,”,”,作主语时谓语用第三人作主语时谓语用第三人作主语时谓语用第三人作主语时谓语用第三人 称单数称单数称单数称单数;作定语时后跟名词单数作定语时后跟名词单数作定语时后跟名词单数作定语时后跟名词单数.*There are trees on either side of the street.*There are trees on either side of the street.=There are trees on both sides of the street.=There are trees on both sides of the street.有关词组及应用有关词组
41、及应用有关词组及应用有关词组及应用 1.both of/either of/neither of1.both of/either of/neither of *Both of them swim well.*Both of them swim well.他们俩都游得很好。他们俩都游得很好。他们俩都游得很好。他们俩都游得很好。*Either of you goes to Beijing.*Either of you goes to Beijing.你们俩随便谁去北京都可以。你们俩随便谁去北京都可以。你们俩随便谁去北京都可以。你们俩随便谁去北京都可以。*Neither of them stoppe
42、d to have a rest.*Neither of them stopped to have a rest.他们俩谁都不停下来休息。他们俩谁都不停下来休息。他们俩谁都不停下来休息。他们俩谁都不停下来休息。2.bothand2.bothand（谓语动词用复数形式）（谓语动词用复数形式）（谓语动词用复数形式）（谓语动词用复数形式）eitheror/neithernor eitheror/neithernor(谓语动词遵循就近原则谓语动词遵循就近原则谓语动词遵循就近原则谓语动词遵循就近原则)*Both Tom and Lucy are in Grade Two.*Both Tom and Lu
43、cy are in Grade Two.Tom Tom 和和和和 Lucy Lucy 都在二年级。都在二年级。都在二年级。都在二年级。*Either my father or my mother cooks at home.*Either my father or my mother cooks at home.或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家烧饭。或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家烧饭。或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家烧饭。或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家烧饭。*Neither he nor I am free today.*Neither he nor I am free today.我和他今天都没空。我和他今天都没空。我
44、和他今天都没空。我和他今天都没空。9.9.9.9.something/anything/nothing/Somebody/anybody/nobodysomething/anything/nothing/Somebody/anybody/nobody1.这些词一般没有词形变化这些词一般没有词形变化,但以但以-one或或-body结尾的词能带所结尾的词能带所有格词尾。如：有格词尾。如：Everyones life was in danger.2.这些词修饰形容词或者副词时这些词修饰形容词或者副词时,形容词或者副词都需要后置。形容词或者副词都需要后置。3.这些复合代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
45、这些复合代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。4.在反意疑问句中在反意疑问句中,当陈述部分的主语是当陈述部分的主语是everybody,someone等等指人的复合代词时，疑问部分的主语往往用指人的复合代词时，疑问部分的主语往往用they,也可以用也可以用he;若陈述部分的主语是若陈述部分的主语是anything,nothing等指物的复合代词时等指物的复合代词时,疑疑问部分的主语用问部分的主语用it。如：。如：Everyone knows this,doesnt he/dont they?Everything seems all right,doesnt it?六、六、疑问代词疑问代词疑问代词疑
46、问代词疑问代词疑问代词疑问代词疑问代词在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句常见的有常见的有常见的有常见的有:who/whom/whose/what/whichwho/whom/whose/what/which 通常做主语通常做主语通常做主语通常做主语 宾宾宾宾语语语语 定语定语定语定语 表语表语表语表语 *What makes you think like that?*What makes you think like that?做做做做主语主语主语主语 *Who(Whom)were you talking with?*Who(Whom)were you talking with?做做做做宾语宾语宾语宾语 *Which bus do I need?Which bus do I need?做定语做定语做定语做定语 *Whats your father?Whats your father?做表语做表语做表语做表语 主格主格宾格宾格所有格所有格指人指人whowhomwhose指人或物指人或物which/Homeworkv1.复习巩固本节课学习内容，做好笔记。v2.完成备战代词专练。