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1、Unit 16 The United States of AmericaPeriod Three Language focus and grammarL Teaching aims.1 .learn about the American south.2 . Improve students5 the reading abilityGrammarThe Nonfinite Verbs(2)Useful expression sunder laboratory conditions; keep in touch with; leave sb. alone; as a result; put out
2、; be on sale ; insist on doing; say bad things about;IL Teaching procedures.Activity 1 Check the assignmentActivity 2. Reading aloud and memorizing.1 .There is a lot of history connected with people settling in the USA.2 . Ever since the Civil War, the South has struggled to find ways to deal with i
3、ts troubled past.3 .Despite the hardships of the post-war years and the Depression.4 .The city saw a series of fierce fights between blacks and whites in the 1960s and Dr King was shot to death in 1968.5 .Dr Kings efforts were not in vain, however.6 .This in turn had an effect on the food supply for
4、 wolves.Activity 3. Language focus1 .There is a lot of history connected with people settling in the USA.很多历史和定居美国的人们有关。settle解决、决定；”.&历算账，付账；切.定居，安定下来例：Let them settle the problem themselves.让他们自己来解决这个问题。We were soon comfortably settled in this place.我们不久就在这个地方舒适地住 下来了。2 .Ever since the Civil War,
5、the South has struggled to find ways to deal with its troubled past.自内战以来，南部一直在努力想办法解决它伤痕累累的过去问题。(l)struggle Vi斗争;挣扎、勉强支撑例:.They had to struggle with all kinds of difficulties.他们不得不和各种各样的困难作斗争。Martin Luther King,Jr. struggled for human rights for all the blacks all his life.马丁路德金一生都在为黑人的人权而斗争。He tri
6、ed to struggle to his feet, but failed.他挣扎着想站起来，但是站不起来。 (2)deal with(= see to) (a)对付、和打交道;处理；做买卖(deal with sb. in sth.)例：.1 will get someone else to deal w汕them.我去另外找个人来对付他们。Such problems may prove fatal if not properly dealt with.这类问题如果处理不当，会造成极其严重的后果。They dealt in silk goods.他们做丝绸买卖。(b)论述、论及例：Some
7、 papers dealt with the treatment of bone fractures.有些论文是讨论骨折治 疗法的。3 .Even today, the South is far behind the rest of the United States in areas like education and economic development.甚至如今，美国南部在教育和经济发展方面仍 远远落后于其他地区.far程度副词“远远地例:The newspaper accounts are far from true.报纸的报道远非事实。far into the night 至深
8、夜；far back in history 很久以前Cf： My home is far away from the school.我的家离学校很远。The result is far from satisfactory.结果远不令人满意。4 .Despite the hardships of the post-war years and the Depression, the people of Atlanta continued to develop the area, both economically and socially.尽管冷战和大萧条时期 的艰难困苦，亚特兰大的人民仍坚持在经
9、济和社会各个方面发展这个地区。(l)despitepr.“不论、尽管；=in spite of例：They went out despite/in spite of the rain.尽管下雨，他们仍然外出了。 Despite/In spite of all his efforts, he failed.他虽然做 了 各种努力，仍然失败 T.(2) “hardship”是派生词，“艰苦，后缀“-ship表示性质、职业、身份、 技能等。又如:citizenship公民身份；friendship友谊professorship教授职 位;leadership 领导;ownership 所有制5. T
10、he injustices of the city and of the South led Dr King to organize non-violent demonstrations aimed at ending segregation.南部城市的不公正使得金博士组织起非 暴力的游行以结束种族隔离.(l)leadto 导致/使得、通向 ，-cause/result in/give rise to。例:What led you to this conclusion?什么使你下此结论？(2) unon-violentz，adj.,“非暴力的，由“violent”加前缀 non-”构成。前缀
11、“non-加一个名词或形容词构成其反义的名词、形容词或副词。又如:付 账；non-payment n.不支付;non-moral adj.非道德的；non-smoker n.不吸烟 者;non-smoking adj.无烟的;non-stop adj./adv.中途不停的；non-violence n. 非暴力;non-union adj. 没参力口工会的;non-party adj. 无党派的; non-member adj.非成员6.The city saw a series of fierce fights between blacks and whites in the 1960s a
12、nd Dr King was shot to death in 1968.这座城市见证了 20世纪60年代一系列黑人和白人之 间的激烈斗争，金博士也于1968年被枪杀致死。(l)a series of + stamps/ politicians 一系列的邮票/ 一批卓越的政治家a television series 一部电视连续剧；in series成串联的；串联线路的a series of/a pair of/this kind of作主语时，谓语动词用单数2) be shot /sentenced/beaten/burnt to death-7 .His funeral was shown
13、 on television and millions of Americans watched as people marched through Atlanta in honor of Dr King.他的葬礼在电视上播出，成百万的 美国人观看了人们为了纪念金博士而举行的穿越亚特兰大的游行(l)in honor of “纪念”(2)do sb. honor/ do honor to sb.向某人致敬；on one* honor 以人格担保an affair of honor 决斗； put sb. on his honor 使某人以人格担保do sb. the honor of/have
14、the honor of/to 给某人之荣幸Your Honor/His Honor 阁下； do the honors 尽地主之谊(3)honor泣.尊敬、给予荣誉；承认并如期支付例：I feel highly honored by the things you say about me.你恭维我的话使我感到十分 荣幸。8 .Dr Kings efforts were not in vain, ho we ver.然而,金博士的努力没有白费in vain无效果地、徒然；随便地、不尊敬地例：AU our work was in vain.我们的一切工作均归徒然。take a person s
15、name in vain 不尊敬地使用某人名字;try in vain to do sth.试图做 某事而无结果.The South still has many problems to deal with, but the people there are determined to make a new beginning.南部还有许多问题有待处理，但是那儿的人们都决心要有 一个好的开端(l)be determined to do sth.下定决心做某事, 相当于 make up one s mind to do sth determine (泣.)决定、判断；决意、决心；下定决心dete
16、rmine sth. /determine to do sth./determine+ 疑问词 +to do sth. /determine that/when/what* be determined to do sth./be determined that sb. (should) do sth./determine sb. to do sth. 使下定决心例：We are determined to fulfill the task.我们决心完成这项工作。He left home, determined not to come back again.lO.Bison were kille
17、d for their meat, while their fur provided warm clothing during winters.他们杀野牛，吃野牛肉，用野牛的毛皮制成冬季御寒的衣服(l)bison n.单复数同形.the bison表整体),单复数同形的名词还有:deer, cattle, sheep, means 等。低！ :The bison grows to a should-height of 1.5 metres and can weigh 1 100 kilograms.野牛可以长到齐肩高1.5米，重达1100公斤。(2)clothing/UN/衣服(总称).一件衣
18、服:a piece of clothing /an article of clothing；套衣月艮：a suit of clothingCf.： clothes(pL)衣服，不能用具体的数量词修饰，可说some clothes/many clothes Cloth(Un.)布、布料，cloth(Cn.)抹布、桌布11 )Large groups of native Americans were forced to move away from their old hunting grounds.成批的美洲土著人被迫从他们原来的狩猎场迁走。(l)forceu强迫、勉强；迫使(后面常接复合结构)
19、；迫使进入某种状态，多跟介词 短语或副词彳列:Do not force yourself to write when you have nothing to say.Who do you think forced the door open?你认为是谁把门踢开的？.-doing作定语Cf： a swimming fish = a fish which is swimming (现在分词)一条游泳的鱼a swimming pool = a pool for swimming(动名词) 个游泳池12.Between 1850 and 1910 the bison population is tho
20、ught to have fallen from 60 million to just a few hundred.在1850年到1910年之间，野牛的数量从6千万头降 到只有几百头了句式:People think that. the bison population fell= It is thought that. the bison population fell .彳列:The first settlers on the plains of America are thought to be Native Americans.=It is thought that the first
21、settlers on the plains of America were Native Americans.=People think that the first settlers on the plains of America were Native Americans. 美洲平原上的第一批定居者被认为是美洲土著人。It is said that-据说；It is reported that-据报道；It is suggested that 有人建 议；It is believed that人们认为(2)to have fallen不定式完成式，表示不定式的动作发生在主句动作之前例：
22、I am glad to have met him. =1 met him and I feel glad.我很高兴遇见 了他。He pretended to have read the book.二He pretended that he had read the book.他假装 读过这本书。13.The ground supported fewer plants, and the insects which lived on these plants died out.地上长的植物少了，生活在这些植物上的昆虫就灭绝了(l)live on/upon以为主食、靠生活例:Our family
23、lived mainly on the earnings of my elder sister.我家主要靠我姐姐挣钱 生活。Cf.： feed on 以为食 例：Cattle feed mainly on grass.牛主要以草为食。(2)die (vi.)out灭绝、绝种、熄灭例：These animals have already died out,这类动物已经灭绝了。Cf. die off绝种，一个个死掉例:The species is dying off.这种动物快要绝种了。(3)die away消逝.停息；die down (慢慢地)熄灭，平静下来；die from因而死(灾难，事故
24、等间接原因);die of因而死(饥饿、疾病、悲伤等)14.This in turn had an effect on the food supply for wolves.这样又影响了3良的食物 供应(l)in turn “轮流地、依次地、一个接一个地、接连地，(turn n.)例:The boys were summoned in turn to see the examiner.男孩子们被依次召进去会见 考试官。by turns 轮流/替地，依次；take turns (at sth.)/take turns about/take turns to do sth.轮 流做某事(2)hav
25、e an effect on/upon对有影响；对起作用(effect前可以用形容词修饰)例：These agreements have an effect on both the buyer and the seller.这些协议对买卖双 方都起作用。Finish the exercises in the SB Page 45Suggested answers: 3 1) widespread; 2)physical, 3)mental; 4)former; 5)greedy; 6)chief高考链接：l)The conference has been held to discuss the
26、 effects of tourism the wildlife in thearea.A. inB. on C. atD. withis reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.A. ItB. As C. That D. WhatSuggested answers: BAActivity 4. GrammarThe Nonfinite Verbs(2)1 .Summarize grammar - non-finite verbs非谓语动词可以有名词作用1如动词不定式和动名词
27、，在句中做主语、宾语、表语；有形容词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语; 有副词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中作状语。The form of non - finite verb:动词-ing形式不定式形式主动被动主动被动一般式writingBeing writtenTo writeTo be written进行 式Tobewriting完成 式Having writtenHaving been writtenTo have writtenActivity 5. PracticeFinish the exercises on P46高考链接：(1)1 couldnt
28、do my homework with all that noiseA. going on B. goes onC. went on D. to go on(2)Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year,a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4.A. have reachedB. reaching C. to reachD. to be reaching(3)He glanced over at her,that though she was tiny, she seeme
29、d very well put together.A. noting B. noted C. to note D. having noted(4) in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed(5)1 send you 100 dollars today, the rest _ in a year.A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed(6)The
30、storm left,a lot of damage to this area .A. caused B. to have causedC. to causeD. having caused(7)more about university courses, call (920) 746-3789.A. To find out B. Finding outC. Find outD. Having found out(8)Daddy didnt mind what we were doing, as long as we were together,fun.A. had B. have C. to
31、 haveD. having(9) I really cant understand her like that.A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating (10)All these gifts must be mailed immediately in time for Christmas.A. in order to have receivedB. in order to receiveC. so as to be receivedD. so as to be receivingSuggested answers: ABAAC DADDCHome work:Preview the Integrating skills on P 46-P 47