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1、2003年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Listening ComprehensionDirections:This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B,
2、and Part C.Remember, while you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have five minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.Now look at Part A in your test booklet.Part ADirections:For Que
3、stion 1-5, you will hear a talk about Boston Museum of Fine Art. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25
4、seconds to read the table below. (5 points)Boston Museum of Fine ArtsFounded (year)1870Opened to the public (year)Question 1Moved to the current location (year)1909The west wing completed (year)Question 2Number of departments9The most remarkable departmentQuestion 3Exhibition Space (m2)Question 4App
5、roximate number of visitors/year800,000Programs providedclasseslecturesQuestion 5Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the op
6、tion of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. Ils a theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish a
7、nd which will fail. Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?” asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shippers.Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad ind
8、ustry as a whole, despite its brightening fortunes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the $10.2 billion bid by N
9、orfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. ConraiPs net railway operating income in 1996 was just $427 million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Whos going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX incre
10、ase their grip on the market.51. According to those who support mergers, railway monopoly is unlikely because.A cost reduction is based on competitionB services call for cross-trade coordinationC outside competitors will continue to existD shippers will have the railway by the throatWhat is many cap
11、tive shippers, attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry?A Indifferent.|B Supportive.C Indignant.|D Apprehensive.52. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that.A shippers will be charged less without a rival railroadBJ there will soon be only one railroad company nationwideC overcharged
12、shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate reliefD a government board ensures fair play in railway businessThe word “arbiters” (Line 7, Paragraph 4) most probably refers to those.AJ who work as coordinatorsB who function as judgesC who supervise transactionsD who determine the priceAccording to the te
13、xt, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused by.A the continuing acquisitionB the growing trafficCJ the cheering Wall StreetD the shrinking marketText 4It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder. Americans? life expectan
14、cy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great
15、health-care system can cure death and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a p
16、roblem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if its useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the
17、patient too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.In 1950, the U.S. spent $12.7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be $ 1,540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that
18、 a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm “have a duty to die and get out of the way,“ so that younger, healthier people
19、can realize their potential.I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78, Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day OConnor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general
20、 C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s. These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old, I wish to age as productively as they have.Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in
21、 this pursuit. As a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for
22、 unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve peoples lives.53. What is implied in the first sentence?A Americans are better prepared for death than other people.BJ Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.C Americans are over-confident of their me
23、dical technology.D Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.54. The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that.A medical resources are often wastedB doctors are helpless against fatal diseasesC some treatments are too aggressiveD medical costs are becoming unaffordableT
24、he authors attitude toward Richard Lamms remark is one of.AJ strong disapprovalB reserved consentC slight contemptD enthusiastic supportIn contrast to the U.S., Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care.A more flexiblyB more extravagantlyC more cautiously|D more reasonablyThe text intends to e
25、xpress the idea that.A medicine will further prolong peoples lives|B life beyond a certain limit is not worth livingC death should be accepted as a fact of life|D excessive demands increase the cost of health carePart BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined se
26、gments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity. 61) Furthermore, humans have Ihe ability
27、to modify ihe environmenl in which ihey live, Ihus subjecting all other life fonns k) their own peculiai ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can
28、 lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.“Anthropology” derives from the Greek words cinthropos: Uhuman,? and logos “the study of.” By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.Anthropology is one of t
29、he social sciences. 62) Social science is Ihal branch of inlelleclual enquiry which seeks to study humans and heir endeavors in me same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner ihal nalural scientisls use for ihe sludy of natural Dhenomena.Social science disciplines include geography,
30、economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.AH the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use o
31、f the comparative method in analysis. 63) The emphasis on data galhered first-hand, combined wilh a cross-cultural perspective broughl to ihe analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concep
32、t of culture. Sir Edward Tybrs formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science. 64) Tylor defined culture as . that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals Jaw, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a me
33、mber of society. This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylors definition is the concept that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior.65) Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture J like th
34、e concept of “set in mathematics, is an abstracl concept which makes possible immense amounls of concrete research and understanding.Section IV WritingDirections:Study the following set of drawings carefully and write an essay in which you shoulddescribe the set of drawings, interpret its meaning, a
35、nd1) point out its implications in our life.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)温室花舞不起风雨2003年考研英语真题答案Section I: Listening Comprehension (20 points)Part A (5 points)1. 18762. 19813. textiles4. 19,1375. concertsPart B (5 points)(the couple) themselves6. constructively
36、a qualified psychologist7. good intentionsabsencePart C (10 points)II. ID12. A13. D14. B15. C16. B17. B18. C19. A20. DSection II: Use of English (10 points)Section III: Reading Comprehension (50 points)21. A22. B23. C24. D25. C26. B27. D28. C29. A30. D31. A32. D33. B34. D35. C36. D37. B38. A39. C40.
37、 APart A (40 points)41. B42. A43. C44. DJ45. B46. AJ47. B48. B49. A50. D51. fC52. DI53. Cl54. B55. Al56. C57. A58. B59. D60. CPart B (10 points)61 .而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而是让所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独 特的想法和想象。62 .社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的、有 序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。63 .强调收集第一手资料，加上在分析过去和现在文化形态时采用跨文化视角，使得
38、这一研究 成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。64 .泰勒把文化定义为“一个复合整体，它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道 德、法律、风俗以及其它能力和习惯”。65 .因此，人类学中“文化”概念就像数学中“集”的概念一样，是一个抽象概念，它使大量 的具体研究和认识成为可能。Section IV: Writing (20 points)66.参考范文As is shown in the two pictures, the same flower has different fate when pul in different situations. When there is protec
39、tion, the flower blooms beautifully. However, when exposed directly to rain and storm, the flower quickly withers. We can safely come to the conclusion that greenhouse flowers cannot withstand rain and storm.The same is true with our children. As the one-child policy is adopted in China, more and mo
40、re parents overprotect their children. With everything done for them and every need satisfied by their parents or grandparents, these only children seem to be healthy, happy and high-spirited. But when they leave home, they become disappointed and frustrated. Facing harsh things they have never expe
41、rienced before, such as competition from peers, criticism from supervisors, pressure for deadlines and restriction for discipline, they will be at a loss, miserable or even desperate. In fact, the more protection they get from their parents, the less ability they acquire. Parents love for their chil
42、dren turns out to be a disaster.Children, like flowers, should be treated with care, but reasonable and sensible ways of doing things will help to bring about more fruitful results, if we not only love our children but also teach them how to love, our love will be passed down from generation to gene
43、ration; if we not only solve problems for our children but also encourage them to solve problems, our diligence and ingenuity will make our life more meaningful and worthwhile.Part BDirections:For Questions 6-10, you will hear an interview with an expert on marriage problems. While you listen, compl
44、ete the sentences or answer the questions. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below. (5 points)What should be the primary source of help for a troubled couple? . Question 6Writing down a list of pr
45、oblems in the marriage may help a troubled couple discuss them . Question 7Who should a couple consider seriously turning to if they cant talk with each other? . Question 8Priests are usually unsuccessful in counseling troubled couples despite their . Question 9According to the old notion, what will
46、 make hearts grow fonder? . Question 10PartCDirections:You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have time to check y
47、our answers you will hear each piece once only. (10 points)Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk about napping, you now have 15 seconds to read questions 11-13.11. Children under five have abundant energy partly because they.A sleep in three distinct partsB have many five-minute napsC sleep in one long blockID take one or two naps dailyAccording to the speaker, the sleep pattern of a baby is determined by.A its genesB its habitC its mental stateDJ its physical conditionThe talk suggests that, if you feel sleepy through the day, you should.Al take some refreshmentB go to bed ear