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1、纺织染专业英语纺织染专业英语乔志勇乔志勇纺织化学工程系纺织教研室纺织化学工程系纺织教研室Lesson FifteenLesson Fifteen Shuttleless LoomsShuttleless Looms无梭无梭织织机机 TextLoom designer have constantly sought to replacethe shuttle as a means of filling insertion.filling insertion 引纬，导纬引纬，导纬 织机设计人员一直探求取代织机设计人员一直探求取代梭子引纬梭子引纬的方法。的方法。Shuttle木梭木梭 清代牛角老梭子清
2、代牛角老梭子Shuttle梭子和锭子梭子和锭子 Q1:Why did the manufactures seek a way to replace the shuttle?主要原因是解决生产率的问题.物理定律指出，要想使梭子穿过梭口，梭子必须被加速和减速.这当然需要时间和能量.Q1:Why did the manufactures seek a way to replace the shuttle?The prime reason is the rate of production.Physical laws dictate that,to move through the shed,the
3、shuttle must be accelerated and decelerated.This naturally takes time and energy.vrate of production 生产率生产率vweaving efficiency 织造效率织造效率vend breakage rate 断头率断头率vwarp breakage rate 经纱断头率经纱断头率vwarp stop motion 经纱自停装置经纱自停装置vdrop wires 停经片停经片vHeddle 综丝综丝vheddle eye 综眼综眼vheald frame 综框综框vReeds 钢筘钢筘Q1:Why
4、 did the manufactures seek a way to replace the shuttle?vheddlevheddle eyeQ1:Why did the manufactures seek a way to replace the shuttle?Q1:Why did the manufactures seek a way to replace the shuttle?vheald frameQ1:Why did the manufactures seek a way to replace the shuttle?vreedsIf less time could be
5、spent accelerating the shuttle,and the transit time of the shuttle through the shed could be reduced,higher loom speeds could be obtained.Q1:Why did the manufactures seek a way to replace the shuttle?v如果如果减少减少给梭子加速用的时间给梭子加速用的时间v而且梭子穿过梭口的时间也能而且梭子穿过梭口的时间也能减少减少v织机便可以较高的速度织机便可以较高的速度运转运转 Secondly,with th
6、e removal of the filling supply package from the filling carrier,the filling carrier could be made smaller so the yarn movement in shedding could be reduced.vfilling supply package 纬纱卷装纬纱卷装vfilling carrier 载纬器载纬器Q1:Why did the manufactures seek a way to replace the shuttle?v另外，另外，载纬器上载纬器上不再携带不再携带纬纱卷
7、装，载纬器的体积可纬纱卷装，载纬器的体积可减小减小，开口时经纱的动程可降低。开口时经纱的动程可降低。Shuttleless looms were developed as a way without the shuttle.Introduction:shuttleless looms v无梭织机是以无梭织机是以取消梭子为目的取消梭子为目的而逐步研制出来的。而逐步研制出来的。In the simple loom a“flying”shuttle is“batted”back and forth through the warp shed by picker sticks at both side
8、s of the machine.Introduction:shuttleless looms v在简单的梭织机中，梭子受到装在织机两侧投梭棒的在简单的梭织机中，梭子受到装在织机两侧投梭棒的打击打击而来回而来回飞速飞速穿过穿过梭口。梭口。vwarp shed 梭口，经纱梭口梭口，经纱梭口vpicker sticks 投梭棒投梭棒vback and forth 来回地来回地vat both sides 在两侧（边）在两侧（边）The speed with which the shuttle is sent back and forth is limited by the mass of shut
9、tle-usually about 200 picks per minute.Introduction:shuttleless looms v投梭速度由于梭子投梭速度由于梭子本身本身的质量的质量通常限制通常限制为每分钟为每分钟200次次.Manufacturers have long sought a way to replace the shuttle and increase the speed of weaving.seed a way to 寻求一种方法寻求一种方法 Introduction:shuttleless looms v长期以来，一些制造厂一直在寻求一种长期以来，一些制造厂一
10、直在寻求一种取代梭子取代梭子的办法的办法以提高织造的速度以提高织造的速度.Four different types of shuttleless looms have been developedwater jet,air jet,rapier and projectile loom.Introduction:shuttleless looms v现在已经研制出四种不同类型的无梭织机现在已经研制出四种不同类型的无梭织机喷水喷水（投（投纬）织机、纬）织机、喷气喷气（投纬）织机、（投纬）织机、剑杆剑杆织机和织机和片梭片梭织机织机.Introduction:shuttleless looms con
11、ventional loomIntroduction:shuttleless looms Water jet loomThe water jet loom uses a high pressure jet of water to carry the filling yarns across the warp.The loom is more compact,less noisy,and takes up less floor space than the conventional loom.It can operate at 400 to 600 picks per minutetwo or
12、three times faster than the conventional loom.Maintenance is relatively easy.Introduction:shuttleless looms Air jet loomThe loom can operate at 320 picks per minute and is suitable for spun yarns.There are limitations in fabric width because of diminution of the air jet as it passes across the loom.
13、Introduction:shuttleless looms spun yarns 短纤纬纱短纤纬纱cotton yarn 棉纱棉纱T/C yarn,Polyester/Cotton yarns,Polyester and Cotton Blend 涤棉纱涤棉纱wool yarn 毛纱毛纱filament 长丝长丝polyester filament 涤纶长丝涤纶长丝,聚酯长丝聚酯长丝viscose filament 粘胶长丝粘胶长丝nylon filament 锦纶长丝锦纶长丝Introduction:shuttleless looms Rapier loom The rapier loom
14、 weaves(primarily)spun yarns at 300 picks per minute.It has two metal rapiers,about the size of a small penknife,called carrier or“dummy shuttles”,one on the right side and the other on the left side of the loom.This loom has found wide-acceptance for use with basic cotton and wool worsted fabrics.I
15、ntroduction:shuttleless looms metal rapiers 金属臂金属臂carrier 引纬器引纬器dummy shuttles 假梭假梭woolen worsted fabrics,worsted fabrics 精纺毛织物精纺毛织物woolen fabrics,wool fabrics 粗纺毛织物粗纺毛织物,毛织物毛织物Introduction:shuttleless looms Projectile loomIn the projectile loom,a small hooklike device,or gripper,grips the end of fi
16、lling yarns.As the gripper is projected across the warp shed,it leaves the filling behind.hooklike 钩形的钩形的hooklike device 钩状物钩状物gripper 片梭，夹子片梭，夹子Introduction:shuttleless looms Q2:Are the shuttleless looms operating Q2:Are the shuttleless looms operating faster than the conventional looms?faster than
17、 the conventional looms?Q3:How many types of shuttleless looms Q3:How many types of shuttleless looms have been developed up to now?have been developed up to now?They give higher weaving speeds and reduce noise levelsa factor of great importance to the weaver.Introduction:shuttleless looms vnoise le
18、vels 噪声级噪声级v织机车间噪声最为严重，噪声级高、尖锐刺耳，污染面织机车间噪声最为严重，噪声级高、尖锐刺耳，污染面广，一般噪声级：广，一般噪声级：v有梭织机车间有梭织机车间 100110分贝分贝v喷气、喷水、剑杆织机车间喷气、喷水、剑杆织机车间 90分贝分贝In all four types of looms the filling yarns are measured and cut,thus leaving a fringe along the side.Introduction:shuttleless looms v现现在所有这四种类型的无梭织机中，纬纱都是在所有这四种类型的无梭织
19、机中，纬纱都是定长加以定长加以切断切断，这样，织物就留下了，这样，织物就留下了毛边毛边。This fringe maybe fused to make a selvage if the yarns are thermoplastic,or the ends may be turned back into the cloth.Introduction:shuttleless looms v如果纬纱属如果纬纱属热塑性热塑性材料，可以把材料，可以把毛边毛边热熔成为热熔成为布边布边；或；或把纬纱端头折入到布里。把纬纱端头折入到布里。Q4:May the fringe be fused into a s
20、elvage if the Q4:May the fringe be fused into a selvage if the yarns are not thermoplastic?yarns are not thermoplastic?Four These selvages are not always usable as conventional selvages because of a tendency toward puckering that requires slitting.Introduction:shuttleless looms v但这些布边总不像但这些布边总不像正常布边
21、正常布边那样适用，因为它们要那样适用，因为它们要起褶起褶，需要需要剪掉剪掉.selvage 布边conventional selvages 正常布边puckering 皱纹slitting 切割，切口Shuttleless Loom Shuttleless Loom Discussion2:what are the main advantages of shuttleless 2:what are the main advantages of shuttleless looms compared with the conventional loom?looms compared with the conventional loom?1:Comparison on the picks per minute of four 1:Comparison on the picks per minute of four types of shuttleless looms.types of shuttleless looms.