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1、The positions of the attribute: （定语的位置）定语的位置）1. This is a flower basket.2. This is a basket full of flowers.3. This is a basket which I want to put flowers in.（单个的词作定语时要放于被单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面，短语或从句作定语时要放修饰词的前面，短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面。）于被修饰词的后面。） 定语从句Written by：吕振华 Checked by : 肖群及小组成员 生成日2011-11-8He is a
2、n English teacher who likes singing songs.定语从句定语从句：在英语复合句中，由关联在英语复合句中，由关联 词引导，修饰词引导，修饰句中的名词、代词，有时也修饰主句的一部份或整个句中的名词、代词，有时也修饰主句的一部份或整个句子的从句称为定语从句。句子的从句称为定语从句。它分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。它分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的那个词称为被定语从句所修饰的那个词称为先行词先行词。关系代词关系代词：which, that, who, whom, whose, as（在句中充当成分，可作主语，宾语，表语，定语）在句
3、中充当成分，可作主语，宾语，表语，定语）关系副词关系副词：when, where, why，在句中只作状语。在句中只作状语。引导词引导词先行词先行词引导词（从句中作主语）引导词（从句中作主语）定语从句定语从句关系代词关系代词：which, that, who, whom, whose, as（在句中充当成分，可作主语，宾语，表语，定语）在句中充当成分，可作主语，宾语，表语，定语）引导词引导词关系代词关系代词：which, that, who, whom, whose, as（在句中充当成分，可作主语，宾语，表语，定语）在句中充当成分，可作主语，宾语，表语，定语）引导词引导词关系副词关系副词：w
4、hen, where, why，在句中只作状语。在句中只作状语。关系代词关系代词：which, that, who, whom, whose, as（在句中充当成分，可作主语，宾语，表语，定语）在句中充当成分，可作主语，宾语，表语，定语）引导词引导词He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.关系副词关系副词：when, where, why，在句中只作状语。在句中只作状语。关系代词关系代词：which, that, who, whom, whose, as（在句中充当成分，可作主语，宾语，表语，定语）在句中充当成分，可作主语，宾语，表语，
5、定语）引导词引导词引导词（从句中作主语）引导词（从句中作主语）He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.关系副词关系副词：when, where, why，在句中只作状语。在句中只作状语。关系代词关系代词：which, that, who, whom, whose, as（在句中充当成分，可作主语，宾语，表语，定语）在句中充当成分，可作主语，宾语，表语，定语）引导词引导词引导词引导词关系代词关系代词：which, that, who, whom, whose, as（在句中充当成分，可作主语，宾语，表语，定语）在句中充当成分，可作主语，宾
6、语，表语，定语）引导词引导词关系副词关系副词：when, where, why，在句中只作状语。在句中只作状语。关系代词关系代词：which, that, who, whom, whose, as（在句中充当成分，可作主语，宾语，表语，定语）在句中充当成分，可作主语，宾语，表语，定语）引导词引导词He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.关系副词关系副词：when, where, why，在句中只作状语。在句中只作状语。关系代词关系代词：which, that, who, whom, whose, as（在句中充当成分，可作主语，宾语，表
7、语，定语）在句中充当成分，可作主语，宾语，表语，定语）引导词引导词引导词（从句中作主语）引导词（从句中作主语）He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.关系副词关系副词：when, where, why，在句中只作状语。在句中只作状语。关系代词关系代词：which, that, who, whom, whose, as（在句中充当成分，可作主语，宾语，表语，定语）在句中充当成分，可作主语，宾语，表语，定语）引导词引导词Example: Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had
8、 been destroyed.1.The women who lives next door is a teacher.The woman is a teacher.Workers built shelters for survivors.The woman lives next door.The survivors homes had been destroyed. 2.The nurse is kind. The nurse looks after my sister.The nurse is kind.who/that looks after my sister3.The teache
9、r is Mr Zhou . The teacher often makes us laugh in class. The teacher is Mr Zhou. who often makes us laugh in class 关系代词的选择关系代词的选择a. Whats the name of the girl who just came in?b. Do you know the student( whom /who )Jane is talking to? c. Do you know the student to whom Jane is talking?(不能用不能用who)wh
10、o指人指人作主语作主语/宾语宾语（可省略）（可省略）介词在前介词在前不可使用不可使用whom 指人指人宾语（可省宾语（可省略）略）介词后不介词后不可省略可省略(2)that 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句a. Here is the money that/which will be given to you.b. Do you like the book (that/which) you borrowed yesterday?c. He isnt the man that he seems to be.that 人或物人或物主语主语宾语宾语表语表语不引导非限制性定语不引导非限制性定语从句，不位于
11、介词后。从句，不位于介词后。(3).Which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句The building which stands near the river is our school.which指物指物主语或主语或宾语（可省略宾语（可省略)定语定语在介词后在介词后不可省略不可省略The room （which） there are a lot of books in is a reading room.The room in which there are a lot of books is a reading room.It might snow this weekend,in which
12、case we wont go hiking in the mountains.关系代词引导定语从句时，要注意几点：关系代词引导定语从句时，要注意几点：（1）Whom, which作介词宾语时，介词一作介词宾语时，介词一般可以放在它们的前面，也可以放在从句般可以放在它们的前面，也可以放在从句原来的位置上，但是含有介词的动词固定原来的位置上，但是含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词应该放在原来的位置上。词组中，介词应该放在原来的位置上。 There is a room in which you can study.which you study in.Rose is the student whom
13、you should look after/take care of. .只用只用that不用不用which的情况的情况：. .当先行词是当先行词是不定代词不定代词时，如：时，如：all, everything, anything, nothing, much, few, little, none, the one等。等。All that can be done has been done.先行词前有先行词前有the only, few, one of, little, no, all, every, very等词修饰时等词修饰时。There is no difficulty that we
14、cant overcome.You can take any seat that is free.This is the very book that Im looking for.先行词被先行词被序数词序数词first, last, next等或等或形容词的最高形容词的最高级级修饰时。修饰时。This is the first letter that Ive written in English.This is the most beautiful park that I have visited.当先行词既有当先行词既有人人又有又有物物时。时。They talked about the t
15、eachers and the schools that they had visited.当关系代词是当关系代词是系动词系动词be后面后面的表语时。的表语时。China isnt the country that she used to be 50 years ago.当主句是以当主句是以which, 或或what开头的特殊开头的特殊疑问句时。疑问句时。What did you hear that made you so angry？Which is the book that you are looking for ?there be 句型中句型中There is a seat in th
16、e corner that is still free. (3).只用只用which不用不用that的情况的情况 先行词先行词在在非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句中充中充当当主语主语或或宾语宾语。His money was stolen by a thief, which made him very sad.当关系代词前有当关系代词前有介词介词。This is the factory in which my mother works.当先行词本身是当先行词本身是that时。时。 Whats that which flashed in the sky just now?（4）用who 不用tha
17、t 的情况 先行词为人称代词先行词为人称代词he,they 等时，关系代词多等时，关系代词多用用who He who knows others is learned. 知人者有学问。知人者有学问。 They who live longest will see most. 寿命长见识光。寿命长见识光。 先行词为指人的不定代词先行词为指人的不定代词 somebody, one, anyone, few, those 等时，多用等时，多用who Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. I need someone who can do
18、 the work quickly. 指人的先行词与定语从句之间被其他词分开指人的先行词与定语从句之间被其他词分开时时 I met a foreign student from Nanjing University who could communicate with me in Chinese. 在以在以who 开头的疑问句中开头的疑问句中 Who is the man that is waiting at the bus stop？（4）关系代词）关系代词whose的用法的用法Whose是关系代词是关系代词who的所有格形式，用作名词的所有格形式，用作名词的限定语，的限定语，whose可引
19、导限制性或非限制性定语可引导限制性或非限制性定语从句，从句，whose和它所修饰的名词在句中作主语或和它所修饰的名词在句中作主语或动词或介词的宾语。动词或介词的宾语。He is an excellent teacher,whose daughter studies abroad. the daughter of whom studies abroad. Have you seen a dictionary whose cover is blue?whose经常后接名词，这结构可以用经常后接名词，这结构可以用the+名词名词of+whom/which来替换，意义不变。来替换，意义不变。whose
20、 whose 在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与与 whose whose 后的名词为所属关系。后的名词为所属关系。 This is the book whosewhose cover is blue.This is the book of whichof which the cover is blue.This is the book the cover of which is blue.Do you know the girl whose hair is very short in our class?Do you know the girl?Her hair
21、is very short in our class.He is the student.I broke his pencil yesterday.He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday. This teacher, with whose son I work, is liked by all the students.This teacher is liked by all the students.I work with her son. The chair is being repaired now.The legs of the
22、 chair are broken. The chair whose legs are broken isbeing repaired now.(5).关系代词关系代词who,which, that,在从句中在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须必须和先行词保持一致。数必须必须和先行词保持一致。Anyone who _ over 20 can join the army.I ,who _ your friend , will help you.isam 1. This is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday. A.
23、 that B. who C. whom D. this 2.I know the student _you borrowed the pen.A. that B. from whom C. from which D. whom3. Is this the factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday? A. the one B. which C. who D. whom4. Is this factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday? A. the one B. that C. which D. /
24、练一练！练一练！5. The only language _ is easy to learn is the mother tongue. A. which B. that C. / D. it 6. _ cleans the blackboard should be praised. A. That B. Who C. The one who D. The students who 7.I know the boy _you gave the book _.A. whom; to B. which; to C. to whom; to D. that; to him8. This is th
25、e best book _ I have been looking for all this year. A. who B. whom C. which D. / 关系词关系词先行词所指先行词所指关系词在句中作用关系词在句中作用关系关系代词代词that人人/物物主、宾、表主、宾、表which物物主、宾、定（偶）主、宾、定（偶）who人人主、宾主、宾whom 人人宾宾whose 人人/物物定定as人人/物物/事情事情主、宾、表主、宾、表关系关系副词副词when时间时间时间状语时间状语where 地点地点地点状语地点状语why原因原因原因状语原因状语The earth is round,_ is
26、known to all._ is known to all, the earth is round_ is known to all that the earth is round.as AsIt定语从句在句首时只能用定语从句在句首时只能用as, as as, as 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的词一般是固定的This is such an interesting book _ we all like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.asas这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书
27、。本书。定语从句定语从句This is such an interesting book _we all like it.This is so interesting a book _we all like it.thatthat这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。结果状语从句结果状语从句 This is the same book as I lost. This is the same book that I lost.这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书就是我丢的那本。这本书就是我丢的那本。1. It is very useful to mas
28、ter a foreign language,_ has been said before. as 2 _ everyone hoped, Mary has won the first prize. Asas as引导定语从句可放在句首，句中，引导定语从句可放在句首，句中，句末，句末，而而which 引导定语从句不能放引导定语从句不能放在句首在句首.as译为正如，好像。，译为正如，好像。，which which 则没有此义。则没有此义。1.where的用法： 表的地方，修饰场所、方位名词。 This is the house. I was born in the house. This is
29、the house which/that I was born in. This is the house in which I was born.This is the house where I was born. 先行词 关系副词 注：关系副词可等于注：关系副词可等于 “介词介词+关系代词关系代词which”When,where ,why 引导的定语从句2. when的用法：的用法： 表表的时候，修饰日子年代等名词。的时候，修饰日子年代等名词。 We will never forget the day when we joined the party.3. why的用法：的用法： 表表的
30、原因，的原因，的理由。的理由。 The reason why I called is to invite you to a party.注：区分与关系代词的区别，只要在定语从注：区分与关系代词的区别，只要在定语从句中担任状语的，就是关系副词。句中担任状语的，就是关系副词。 关系副词在定语从句当中只能充当状语。关系副词在定语从句当中只能充当状语。1.I wont forget the time when I got married.2.Do you still remember the days when we stayed together?3.This is the place where
31、we had a good time.4.Is this the house where Mr. Smith lives?5.I dont know the reason why he wont join us.6.Do you know the reason why he didnt come to sweep the classroom?when,where,whywhen,where,why 的用法的用法v关系副词关系副词when, where, why 和介词和介词+which的关系的关系关系副词关系副词when, where, why可用适当的介词可用适当的介词+which来替代。如
32、：来替代。如：when=in/on/at+which, where=in/on/at+which, why=for+whichPs:介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。词之后。1. I wont forget the date when (on which) I was born.2. This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This is the room which I lived in.3. I dont know the reason why (for whic
33、h) he hasnt come today.4. Tom still remembers the days when (during which) they lived in Tianjin. whenwhen在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词介词 + which+ which”。Ill never forget the day when I joined the army.on whichJim still remembers the happy time when we got together last year. during whichIt is 1
34、st Oct. when we celebrate our nations birthday. on whichIll remember the day we spent together.that /whichvt.wherewhere在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词介词 + which+ which”。This is the house where I lived two years ago.in whichWe got the station early where we saw Tom off. at whichThis is the station
35、was built last year.that /whichvi.whywhy在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词介词 for+ whichfor+ which”。Do you know the reason why she was late.for whichShe will never tell us the reasons why she married such an old man. for whichThis is the reason he explained for his being late.Vt.that/which四四.限制性定语从句和非
36、限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（）限制性定语从句起限定作用，是主句不可（）限制性定语从句起限定作用，是主句不可缺少的部分，与先行词之间无逗号；缺少的部分，与先行词之间无逗号；（）非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用，省去（）非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用，省去后不影响主句的意思，常用逗号与主句隔开后不影响主句的意思，常用逗号与主句隔开1.Those who cut down the trees should be punished.2.This book was left by John, who was here a moment ago.It was felt in Beijin
37、g, which is one hundred kilometres away.But one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, went to bed as usual that night.The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.非限制性定从非限制性定从非限制性定从非限制性定从限制性定从限制性定从限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上形式上意义上意义上译法上译法上 关系词关系词的使用的使用 不用逗号和主句隔开不用逗号和主句隔开 用逗号隔开用逗号隔开是先行词不可缺少是先行词不可缺少的定语，不能删除的定语，不能删除是对先行词的补充是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意思说明，删除后意思仍完整仍完整翻译成先行词的定翻译成先行词的定语，语，“的的” 通常翻译成主通常翻译成主句的并列句句的并列句A做宾语时可省略做宾语时可省略 B 可用可用that C.可用可用who 代替代替whomA不可省不可省 B.不用不用thatC.一般不用一般不用who 代代whom