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1、O.Henry.A Brief.A Brief Introduction Introduction.Life.Life.Major Works and.Major Works and Writing Style Writing Style.Plot-A Retrieved.Plot-A Retrieved Reformation ReformationBornWilliamSidneyPorterSeptember11,1862Greensboro,NorthCarolinaDiedJune5,1910(aged47)NewYorkCityNameWilliam Sydney PorterPe
2、n NameO.Henry,Olivier Henry,Oliver HenryOccupationWriter NationalityAmerican.A BRIEF INTRODUCTIONInfluenceThefatherofthemodernAmericanshortstory”Americanlifehumorencyclopedia 美国生活的幽默百科全书美国生活的幽默百科全书ShortprosewriterlaureateasManhattan曼哈顿桂冠散文作家ThethreeshortstorywritersoftheworldGuydeMaupassant居伊德莫泊桑Ant
3、onchekhov契诃夫O.Henry欧亨利-the most popular and widely known American short story writer of the twentieth century.-The highly ironic,sentimental or unexpected story conclusion has been closely identified with O.Henry so that his name has become synonymous with the fiction of this kind.-He was commonly r
4、egarded as modern American master of the short story form.His works were considered as models of genre and his short story techniques were taught in college writing course.-O.Henrys Memorial Award Prize.LIFE-Hewasbornin1862inNorthCarolina,wherehespenthischildhood.-Whenhewaseighteenyearsoldbecauseofh
5、isbody,hewenttoTexas.-In1887hemarriedAtholEstesRoach,theyhadonedaughterandoneson.-Inearly1898hewasfoundguiltyofembezzlement(挪用)chargesandsentencedtofiveyearsinanOhioprison.-Afterdoingthreeyearsofthefiveyearssentence,Porteremergedfromtheprisonin1901andchangedhisnametoO.Henry.-HemovedtoNewYorkCity,whe
6、reoverthenexttenyearsbeforehisdeathin1910,hepublishedover300storiesandgainedworldwideacclaimasAmericanfavoriteshortstorywriter.-HediedonJune5,1910inNewYorkCityattheageoffortyseven.Major Works and Writing StyleO.Henrysstoriesarefamousfortheirsurprise endings,tothepointthatsuchanendingisoftenreferredt
7、oasanO.Henry ending.HewascalledtheAmericananswertoGuydeMaupassant.Bothauthorswrotetwistendings,butO.Henrystoriesweremuchmoreplayful.Hisstoriesarealsowellknownforwitty narration.MostofO.Henrysstoriesaresetinhisowntime,theearlyyearsofthe20thcentury.ManytakeplaceinNewYorkCityanddealforthemostpartwithor
8、dinarypeople:clerks,policemen,waitresses.Major WorksCabbagesandKings白菜与国王TheRomanceofaBusyBroker证券经纪人的浪漫故事TheGiftofMagi麦琪的礼物TheLastLeaf最后一片叶子ACosmopoliteinaCaf咖啡馆里的世界公民MammonandtheArcher财神和爱神TheRansomofRedChief红色酋长的救赎TheFurnishedRoom带家具出租的房间TheCopandtheAnthem警察和赞美诗ARetrievedReformation重新做人TheGiftofM
9、agiItsabouttheyoungcouplewhoareshortofmoneybutdesperatelywanttobuyeachotherChristmasgifts.UnbeknownsttoJim,Dellasellshermostvaluablepossession,herbeautifulhair,inordertobuyaplatinumfobchainforJimswatch;whileunbeknownsttoDella,Jimsellshisownmostvaluablepossession,hiswatch,tobuyjeweledcombsforDellasha
10、ir.TheRansomofRedChiefTwomenkidnapaboyoften.Theboyturnsouttobesodisgustingthatthedesperatemenultimatelypaytheboysfather$250totakehimback.TheCopandtheAnthemItsaboutaNewYorkCityhobonamedSoapy,whosetsouttogetarrestedsohecanavoidsleepinginthecoldwinterasaguestofthecityjail.Despiteeffortsatpettytheft,dis
11、orderlyconduct,andmashingwithayoungprostitute,Soapyfailstodrawtheattentionofthepolice.Disconsolate,hepausesinfrontofachurch,whereanorganantheminspireshimtocleanuphislifeandisironicallychargedforloiteringandsentencedtothreemonthsinprison.TheLastLeafTheYoung,poorpainterJohnsycontractedpneumonia,Suemak
12、eeveryefforttotakecareofher,butshestilldidnotimprove.Johnsywouldgiveupcompletelywhenthelastleaffelltotheground.Inordertosaveher,AnotheroldartistBehrmanclimbedthewalltopainttheivyleaveinrainynight,whichhecontractedpneumoniaanddiedtwodayslater.Johnsysurvived,thelastonewaspaintedbyBehrman,becamehisfina
13、lmasterpiece.O.Henrys Writing StyleAmasterofsurpriseendings,whowroteaboutthelifeofordinarypeopleinNewYorkCity.TypicalforO.Henrysstoriesisatwistofplotwhichturnsonanironicorcoincidentalcircumstance.Inhisworks,O.HenrypresentsthepanoramaoftheAmericanpeopletoreaderswithironicandhumoroustone.Tearful Smile
14、&Smiles Full of TearsThe Main Theme of O.Henrys WorkHumanity,astheeternalthemeofO.Henrysworks,endowshisworkswithperpetualartisticcharm.Human VirtuesHepraisesthehumanvirtues.Theyarekind,brave,honest,hard-working,polite,thrifty,generous,andhospitableandsoon.Theysacrificetheirownhappinessevenlifeforthe
15、loftyloveandfriendship;theyhelpotherswithoutaskingforrewardsandregarditasapleasure;theygiveuptheirowntreasureandchancetoothersetc.Human EvilsHumanbeingshavemanydefects,too.Sometimestheyarelazy,officious,vain,arrogant,shameless,cowardly,etcByexposingthehumandefectsandthedarksidesoftheworld,O.Henrywan
16、tstoawakenpeoplesconscienceanddeepestdesireforallgoodthings,peoplecanusetheireffortstosaveandcleansethewholeworld.Plot-A Retrieved Reformation.Plot-A Retrieved ReformationPlotistheliteraryelementthatdescribesthestructureofthestory.Itshowsthearrangementofeventsandactions within a story.Plot has two b
17、asic types:conflictplotandepiphanyplot.Five stages of plot:exposition,complication,crisis,falling action and resolution.expositioncomplicationcrisisfallingactionresolutionConflictplotTheplotrevolvesaroundconflict.Thestoryusuallybeginswiththe“exposition”-passageswhichgivethereadersbasicinformationabo
18、utwhothecharactersare,wheretheyareandwhattheyaredoing.Conflictriseswhentheprotagonistencountersmoreandmoreobstaclesinpursuitofhisorhergoal.Theconflictisintensifiedthroughaphaseofrisingactionuntilaclimaxoccurs,apointatwhichtheprotagonisthaseitherachievedorfailedtoachieveagoal.Theclimaxisfrequentlyfol
19、lowedbya“denouement”whichnarratestheconsequencesoftheclimax:howthecharactersrespondtothesuccessorfailureoftheprotagonist.EpiphanyplotAlltheactionsaredirectedtowardanepiphany-anintuitionoftruthrevealedatorneartheendofthestory.Somethinghappenedtohim,asaresult,weareledtoaninsighteitherabouthimoraboutlifeingeneral.Q.Whetherdoesthearrangementenhanceordetractfromthemeaning?A Retrieved ReformationA Retrieved Reformation重新做人-THE END-