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1、动词的时态动词的时态（二）母鸡老舍（二）母鸡老舍（12分）分）我一向讨厌母鸡。不知怎样受了一点惊我一向讨厌母鸡。不知怎样受了一点惊恐，听吧，它由前院嘎嘎到后院，由后院再嘎嘎到前院，没完没了，而且没有什恐，听吧，它由前院嘎嘎到后院，由后院再嘎嘎到前院，没完没了，而且没有什么理由；讨厌！有的时候，它不这样乱叫，可是细声细气的，有什么心事似的，么理由；讨厌！有的时候，它不这样乱叫，可是细声细气的，有什么心事似的，颤颤巍巍的，顺着墙根，或沿着田坝，那么扯长了声如怨如诉，使人心中立刻结颤颤巍巍的，顺着墙根，或沿着田坝，那么扯长了声如怨如诉，使人心中立刻结起个小疙瘩来。起个小疙瘩来。它永远不反抗公鸡。可是
2、，有时候却欺侮那最忠厚的鸭子。它永远不反抗公鸡。可是，有时候却欺侮那最忠厚的鸭子。更可恶的是它遇到另一只母鸡的时候，它会下毒手，乘其不备，狠狠地咬一口，更可恶的是它遇到另一只母鸡的时候，它会下毒手，乘其不备，狠狠地咬一口，咬下一撮儿毛来。咬下一撮儿毛来。到下蛋的时候，它差不多是发了狂，恨不能使全世界都到下蛋的时候，它差不多是发了狂，恨不能使全世界都知道它这点成绩：就是聋子也会被它吵得受不下去。知道它这点成绩：就是聋子也会被它吵得受不下去。可是，现在我改变了可是，现在我改变了心思，我看见一只孵出一群小雏鸡的母亲。心思，我看见一只孵出一群小雏鸡的母亲。不论是在院里，还是在院外，不论是在院里，还是在
3、院外，它总是挺着脖儿，表示出世界上并没有可怕的东西。一个鸟儿飞过，或是什么东它总是挺着脖儿，表示出世界上并没有可怕的东西。一个鸟儿飞过，或是什么东西响了一声，它立刻警戒起来，歪着头儿听；挺着身儿预备作战；看看前，看看西响了一声，它立刻警戒起来，歪着头儿听；挺着身儿预备作战；看看前，看看后，咕咕的警告鸡雏要马上集合到它身边来！后，咕咕的警告鸡雏要马上集合到它身边来！当它发现了一点可吃的东西，当它发现了一点可吃的东西，它咕咕地紧叫，啄一啄那个东西，马上便放下，教它的儿女吃。结果，每一只鸡它咕咕地紧叫，啄一啄那个东西，马上便放下，教它的儿女吃。结果，每一只鸡雏的肚子都圆圆的下垂，像刚装了一两个汤圆儿
4、似的，它自己却削瘦了许多。假雏的肚子都圆圆的下垂，像刚装了一两个汤圆儿似的，它自己却削瘦了许多。假若有别的大鸡若有别的大鸡动词的时态结构歌谣动词的时态结构歌谣一般现在时，一般现在时，动词用原型；动词用原型；一一般般时时单数三人称，单数三人称，动词加动词加“s”“s”。一般过去时，一般过去时，动词加动词加“ed”“ed”。I work.He works.I worked.现在进行时现在进行时,进进行行时时例句：例句：I am working.过去进行时过去进行时,am,is,are,-ingam,is,are,-ing。was,were,-ingwas,were,-ing。例句：例句：I was
5、 working.将将来来时时一般将来时，一般将来时，wouldwould加原型。加原型。过去将来时，过去将来时，willwill加原型。加原型。I will work.I would work.完完成成时时现在完成时，现在完成时，have/hashave/has加过分。加过分。I have worked.过去完成时，过去完成时，had had 加过分。加过分。I had worked.各种时态的用法各种时态的用法一、一般现在时一、一般现在时1 1.用法：用法：A.A.现在现在经常性经常性的的动作动作或或状态状态 B.B.客观事实客观事实和和真理真理。2 2.标志词标志词:always,usu
6、ally,often,sometimes,never,every day/week/month/year/1.The boy usually_(get)to school early.gets2.Light _(travel)faster than sound.travels二、一般过去时二、一般过去时1.用法：用法：过去过去的的动作动作或或状态状态。2.标志词：标志词：yesterday,the day before yesterday,three days ago,last night/week/month,in the past；just now=a moment ago随堂小练：随堂小
7、练：Li Ming didnt understand what American people said,_?A.couldnt heB.could heC.didnt heD.did he三、现在进行时三、现在进行时1.用法：用法：A.现刻动作现刻动作：目前正在发生的动作。：目前正在发生的动作。B.现阶段动作现阶段动作：目前一个时期一直在进：目前一个时期一直在进行的动作，此刻不一定在进行。行的动作，此刻不一定在进行。2.标志词：标志词：now,Look!Listen!随堂小练：随堂小练：-Mike,who_football in the yard?-Let me go and see.A.h
8、as playedB.will play C.was playingD.is playing1.Look!What_the children_ over there?2.Those workers_here these months.A.are workB.are workedC.workD.are workingA.are;do B.are;doingC.is;doD.is doing3.-How_you_along with your workmates?-Very well.A.do;get B.will;get C.can;get D.are;getting4.-Must I wate
9、r the flowers now?-No,you neednt.Jack_them.A.is wateringB.wateringC.watersD.is watered注意注意A.有几个有几个瞬间动词瞬间动词可以用可以用现在进行时现在进行时表表将将来，如：来，如：begin,start,come,go,leavebegin,start,come,go,leave。1.-Lucy!Would you like to give me a hand?-OK.I_.A.will comeB.come C.am comingD.would come2.-When_you_for Toronto?-T
10、omorrow.A.do;leaveB.are;leavingC.will;leavingD.shall;leaveThe boy _always _ us!(夸赞)A.is;helpingB.does;helpC.can;helpD./;helpB.现在进行时和现在进行时和alwaysalways连用，表示说话连用，表示说话人较强烈的人较强烈的感情色彩。感情色彩。You _ always _ the same mistake!(责备责备)A.do;makeB.does;makeC.is;makingD.are;making四、过去进行时四、过去进行时1.用法：用法：过去某时正在进行的动作。过
11、去某时正在进行的动作。2.标志词：标志词：at that time,this time yesterday,then,when1.Father_when I _yesterday morning.A.still slept,got up B.was still sleeping,got up C.is sleeping,got up D.sleeps,get up2.She_apples in her garden when I_to see her yesterday.A.picked，went B.was picking，wentC.picked，was going D.was picki
12、ng，was going五、一般将来时五、一般将来时1.用法：用法：将来的动作或状态将来的动作或状态。2.结构：结构：will shall be going to 3.标志词：标志词：tomorrow,the day after tomorrow,in three days,in(the)future,next week/month/term,from now on+V.(原型原型)（第一人称）（第一人称）4.shall/will/be going to之间的区别：之间的区别：1计划计划决定要做某事，一般用决定要做某事，一般用be going to do 结构结构。shall往往用于往往用于第
13、一人称疑问句第一人称疑问句,will可用于任何人称可用于任何人称。2will常用于表常用于表邀请邀请或或命令命令时以及时以及带有带有意愿色彩意愿色彩。31.There_two meetings tomorrow afternoon.A.are going to be B.are going to haveC.is going to be D.will have2.The twins_to the cinema with their parents tonight.A.will go B.would goC.are go D.went3.-When_we have the meeting?-At
14、 8.A.areB.shallC.would D.will 4.-When_you_for London?-Next week.A.will;leavingB.are;leaving C.shall;leaveD.have;left六、过去将来时六、过去将来时1.用法：用法：从过去看将要发生的动作。从过去看将要发生的动作。2.结构：结构：would was/were/going to+v.v.(原型原型)1.-What did he say yesterday?-He said he_to Sydney next week.A.goesB.will goC.would go D.are goi
15、ng 2.-Did your son fail his English exam once again?-Yes,but he told me he_hard next term.A.studiesB.is studyingC.will studyD.would study试题：试题：1.用法：用法：12七、现在完成时七、现在完成时现在完成时现在完成时过去过去现在现在影响影响：作业都作业都做完了，我能出做完了，我能出去玩会儿吗？去玩会儿吗？这该死的！我都等了这该死的！我都等了一个小时了，他怎么一个小时了，他怎么还不来？还不来？过去过去的动作对的动作对现在现在的影响。的影响。I have fin
16、ished my homework.过去过去的动作持续到的动作持续到现在现在。I have stayed here for an hour！2.标志词：标志词：already,just,yet,ever,never,so far(till now/up to now),recently,in the past 3 years,before,since+时间点时间点,for+时间段时间段3.现在完成时和一般过去时的异同点：现在完成时和一般过去时的异同点：共同点：共同点：动作都在动作都在过去过去。不同点：不同点：和和现在现在有无关系。有无关系。(与现与现在有关的过去动作用现在完成，与现在在有关的过
17、去动作用现在完成，与现在无关的过去动作用一般过去。无关的过去动作用一般过去。)4.易错点：易错点：121have gone to+地点地点,表示表示“去了去了某地某地”。（人已走人已走，尚未回。只用于，尚未回。只用于第三人称第三人称。）。）They have gone to Europe.(They are not here.)have been to+地点地点,表示表示“去过去过某地某地”。（人已回人已回）I have been to Europe.(I am not in Europe now.)3have been in+地点地点+时间段时间段,表示表示“在在/来来某地多久某地多久”。I
18、 have been in Europe for three weeks.(I am now still in Europe.)25.瞬间动词和延续性动词瞬间动词和延续性动词 若句中出现若句中出现时间段时间段，则必须使用，则必须使用延续性动词延续性动词。瞬间动词和延续性动。瞬间动词和延续性动词转换关系如下：词转换关系如下：1.The film began 5 minutes ago.2.They left an hour ago.3.The man died a week ago.4.He joined the club 3 days ago.5.They got married 10 yea
19、rs ago.6.He came here an hour ago.7.Jack got home 2 hours ago.8.Mum opened the door just now.9.They got to know 10 years ago.10.I borrowed the book a week ago.11.I bought the car a year ago.The film_ _ _ for 5 minutes.They_ _ _for an hour.The man_ _ _ for a week.He_ _ _the club for 3 days.They_ _ _f
20、or 10 years.He_ _ here since an hour ago.Jack_ _home for 2 hours.The door_ _open for a while.They_ _since 10 years ago.I_ _the book for a week.I_ _the car since a year ago.has been onhave been awayhas been deadhas been inhave been marriedhas beenhas beenhas beenhave knownhave kepthave had1.-What a n
21、ice bike!How long_you_it?-Just two weeks.A.will;buy B.did;buy C.are;having D.have;had2.-How long have you_here?-Since 1997.A.arrived B.moved C.come D.lived3.-I cant find my pen._you_it anywhere?-No.Look!Whats that under your book?A.Have;seenB.Do;see C.Did;see D.Had;seen4.-Im sorry to have kept you w
22、aiting.-Oh,not at all.I_here for only a few minutes.A.will be B.wasC.amD.have been5.I wont go to see the film because I_the ticket.A.lostB.have lostC.will lost D.didnt lost八、过去完成时八、过去完成时1.用法：发生在用法：发生在 过去的过去过去的过去的动作。的动作。They had got married when he came back.got married came back现在现在过去过去过去的过去过去的过去我来晚
23、了！我来晚了！没希望了！没希望了！终于结婚终于结婚了！好幸了！好幸福呀！福呀！现在完成时现在完成时2.标志词：标志词：by the end of,by the time,when+一般过去时一般过去时 过去完成时是一种相对存在的时态，判定时必须根据过去完成时是一种相对存在的时态，判定时必须根据上下文找到一个可以作为参照点的过去时间，上下文找到一个可以作为参照点的过去时间，在此参照点在此参照点前发生的动作前发生的动作都可以用过去完成时。都可以用过去完成时。注意：注意：1.We_learning 1000 words by the end of last 1.We_learning 1000 wo
24、rds by the end of last term.term.A.finishedA.finished B.have finishedB.have finished C.had finishedC.had finishedD.finishD.finish2.The train_when we got to the station.2.The train_when we got to the station.A.leavesA.leavesB.have leftB.have left C.were leaving C.were leaving D.had D.had leftleft3.By
25、 the time he returned,his son_supper.3.By the time he returned,his son_supper.A.cooks BA.cooks B.had cooked C.has cooked.had cooked C.has cooked D.was cookingD.was cooking1.Sorry,I_to help you at ten.I was busy at the moment.A.wont come B.cant come C.didnt come D.shouldnt come2.He_this pen for five
26、years.He_it in 1997.A.has bought,bought.B.bought,bought C.has kept,has bought D.has had,bought3.She_the flowers in the garden when I_to see her yesterday.A.watered，went B.was watering，went C.watered，was going D.was watering，was going4.I don t know if my friend_.If he _,Ill let you know.A.comes,comes
27、 B.comes,will come C.will come,comes D.will come,will come5.John said he_ supper.He was quite full.A.had had B.was having C.had D.has eaten 6.There_two parties next week.A.are going to be B.are going to have C.is going to be D.will have7.It_10 years since I_here.A.is,come B.is,have come C.was,came D
28、.is,came8.-Kate likes eating chocolate.-_.Look,she is eating.A.So Lucy doesB.So does Lucy C.So they doD.So do they9.Kate_to bed until her mother_back.A.wont go,come B.hadnt gone,came C.went,came D.didnt go,came10.His brother_from home for a long time.A.has left B.has been away C.left D.will leave 11
29、.-Lucy,_you_your ticket?-Not yet.A.did;find B.have;foundC.has;foundD.do;find12.-_to the United States?-No,never,but I went to Canada a few years ago.A.Have you beenB.Have you gone C.Did you goD.Have you went13.The man who lived on the island thought he_ never_.A.will;found B.would;be found C.is;foun
30、dB.had;been found14.-I dont know if his uncle_.-I think he_if it doesnt rain.A.will come;comes B.will come;will comeC.comes;comesD.comes;will come15.-Linda had nothing for breakfast this morning,_?-No,she got up too late.A.had sheB.hadnt sheC.did sheD.didnt she16.The flowers_well if they_.A.wont gro
31、w;dont take good care ofB.dont grow;are taken good care ofC.wont grow;are not taken care of D.dont grow;dont take care of17.-Hurry up!Its time to leave.-OK,_.A.Im comingB.Ill comeC.Ive come D.I come18.There_an English evening next Tuesday.A.wasB.will beC.will haveD.are going to be19.I must return th
32、e camera to Li Lei,I_it for two weeks.A.keepB.borrowed C.have kept D.have lent 20.-When_ this kind of computer_?-Last year.A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used21.-Jerry,_you_your lost book?-Not yet.A.did;findB.have;foundC.has;foundD.do;find22.-Dont forget to post this letter for me,please!-No,I_.A.dontB.wontC.mustnt D.cant23.Do you know if_back next week?If he_back,please let me know.A.he comes,will comeB.will he come;comesC.he will come;comesD.will he come,will comeMany thnks!