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1、动词的时态动词的时态初中英语语法（初中英语语法（1 1） 万道凯万道凯动词的时态结构歌谣动词的时态结构歌谣一般现在时，一般现在时，动词用原型；动词用原型；一般时一般时单数三人称，单数三人称，动词加动词加“s” s” 。一般过去时，一般过去时，动词加动词加“ed”ed”。I work.He works. I worked.现在进行时现在进行时, ,进行时进行时例句：例句：I am working.过去进行时过去进行时, ,am,is,are,-ingam,is,are,-ing。was,were,-ingwas,were,-ing。例句：例句：I was working.将来时将来时一般将来时，
2、一般将来时，wouldwould加原型。加原型。过去将来时，过去将来时，willwill加原型。加原型。I will work.I would work.完成时完成时现在完成时，现在完成时，have/hashave/has加过分。加过分。I have worked.过去完成时，过去完成时，had had 加过分。加过分。I had worked.各种时态的用法各种时态的用法一、一般现在时一、一般现在时1 1. .用法：用法：A.A.现在现在经常性经常性的的动作动作或或状态状态 B.B.客观事实客观事实和和真理真理。2 2. .标志词标志词: :always,usually,often, alw
3、ays,usually,often, sometimes, never,every day sometimes, never,every day /week /month/year/week /month/year/1.The boy usually_(get) to school early.gets2.Light _(travel)faster than sound.travels二、一般过去时二、一般过去时1.用法：用法：过去过去的的动作动作或或状态状态。2.标志词：标志词：yesterday,the day before yesterday, three days ago, last
4、night/week/month,in the past；just now=a moment ago点击中考点击中考Li Ming didnt understand what American people said,_? (2004北京市中考北京市中考)A.couldnt heB.could heC.didnt heD.did he三、现在进行时三、现在进行时1.用法：用法：A.现刻动作现刻动作：目前正在发生的动作。：目前正在发生的动作。B.现阶段动作现阶段动作：目前一个时期一直在进：目前一个时期一直在进行的动作，此刻不一定在进行。行的动作，此刻不一定在进行。2.标志词：标志词：now,Lo
5、ok! Listen!中考模拟：中考模拟：-Mike, who_football in the yard? -Let me go and see. （20042004顺义）顺义）A.has playedB.will play C.was playingD.is playing1.Look!What_the children_ over there?2.Those workers_here these months.A.are workB.are workedC.workD.are workingA.are;do B.are;doingC.is;doD.is doing3.-How_you_al
6、ong with your workmates? -Very well.A.do;get B.will;get C.can;get D.are;getting4.-Must I water the flowers now? -No, you neednt. Jack_them.A.is wateringB.wateringC.watersD.is watered注意注意A A. .有几个有几个瞬间动词瞬间动词可以用可以用现在进行时现在进行时表表将将来，如：来，如：begin,start,come,go,leavebegin,start,come,go,leave。1.-Lucy! Would
7、you like to give me a hand? -OK. I_. A.will comeB.come C.am comingD.would come2.-When_you_for Toronto? -Tomorrow.A.do;leaveB.are;leavingC.will;leavingD.shall;leave The boy _always _ us! (夸赞夸赞)A.is;helpingB.does;helpC.can;helpD./;helpB B. .现在进行时和现在进行时和alwaysalways连用，表示说话连用，表示说话人较强烈的人较强烈的感情色彩。感情色彩。You
8、 _ always _ the same mistake!(责备责备)A.do;makeB.does;makeC.is;makingD.are;making四、过去进行时四、过去进行时1.用法：用法：过去某时正在进行的动作。过去某时正在进行的动作。2.标志词：标志词：at that time,this time yesterday,then,when1.Father_when I _yesterday morning. A.still slept,got up B.was still sleeping,got up C.is sleeping,got up D.sleeps,get up2.S
9、he_apples in her garden when I_to see her yesterday.A.picked，went B.was picking， wentC.picked，was going D.was picking，was going五、一般将来时五、一般将来时1.用法：用法：将来的动作或状态将来的动作或状态。2.结构：结构：will shall be going to 3.标志词：标志词：tomorrow,the day after tomorrow,in three days,in (the) future,next week/month/term, from now
10、on+V.(原型原型)（第一人称）（第一人称）4.shall/will/be going to之间的区别：之间的区别： 1计划计划决定要做某事，一般用决定要做某事，一般用be going to do 结构结构。shall往往用于往往用于第一人称疑问句第一人称疑问句, will可用于任何人称可用于任何人称。2will常用于表常用于表邀请邀请或或命令命令时以及时以及带有带有意愿色彩意愿色彩。31.There_two meetings tomorrow afternoon. A.are going to be B.are going to haveC.is going to be D.will ha
11、ve2.The twins_to the cinema with their parents tonight.A.will go B.would goC.are go D.went3.-When_we have the meeting? -At 8. A.areB.shallC.would D.will 4.-When_you_for London? -Next week. A.will;leavingB.are;leaving C.shall;leaveD.have;left六、过去将来时六、过去将来时1.用法：用法：从过去看将要发生的动作。从过去看将要发生的动作。2.结构：结构：would
12、 was/were/going to+ +v.v.( (原型原型) )1.-What did he say yesterday? -He said he_to Sydney next week.A.goesB.will goC.would go D.are going 2.-Did your son fail his English exam once again? -Yes, but he told me he_hard next term.A.studiesB.is studyingC.will studyD.would study试题：试题：1.用法：用法： 12七、现在完成时七、现在完
13、成时现在完成时现在完成时过去过去现在现在影响影响：作业都作业都做完了，我能出做完了，我能出去玩会儿吗？去玩会儿吗？这该死的！我都等了这该死的！我都等了一个小时了，他怎么一个小时了，他怎么还不来？还不来？过去过去的动作对的动作对现在现在的影响。的影响。I have finished my homework. 过去过去的动作持续到的动作持续到现在现在。I have stayed here for an hour！2.标志词：标志词： already, just, yet, ever, never, so far(till now/up to now), recently, in the past
14、3 years, before, since+时间时间点点,for+时间段时间段3.现在完成时和一般过去时的异同点：现在完成时和一般过去时的异同点：共同点：共同点：动作都在动作都在过去过去。不同点：不同点：和和现在现在有无关系。有无关系。(与现与现在有关的过去动作用现在完成，与现在在有关的过去动作用现在完成，与现在无关的过去动作用一般过去。无关的过去动作用一般过去。)4.易错点：易错点：121have gone to+地点地点,表示表示“去了去了某地某地”。（人已走人已走，尚未回。只用于，尚未回。只用于第三人称第三人称。）。）They have gone to Europe.(They are
15、 not here.)have been to+地点地点,表示表示“去过去过某某地地”。（人已回人已回）I have been to Europe.(I am not in Europe now.)3have been in+地点地点+时间段时间段,表示表示“在在/来来某地多久某地多久”。I have been in Europe for three weeks.(I am now still in Europe .)25.瞬间动词和延续性动词瞬间动词和延续性动词 若句中出现若句中出现时间段时间段，则必须使用，则必须使用延续性动词延续性动词。瞬间动词和延续性动。瞬间动词和延续性动词转换关系如下
16、：词转换关系如下：begin/startbe ongo therebe thereleavebe awayget homebe homediebe deadopenbe openjoinbe in / be a member ofclosebe closedget to knowknowget marriedbe marriedborrowkeepcome herebe herebuyhave1.The film began 5 minutes ago.2.They left an hour ago.3.The man died a week ago.4.He joined the club
17、3 days ago.5.They got married 10 years ago.6.He came here an hour ago.7.Jack got home 2 hours ago.8.Mum opened the door just now.9.They got to know 10 years ago.10.I borrowed the book a week ago.11.I bought the car a year ago.The film_ _ _ for 5 minutes.They_ _ _for an hour.The man_ _ _ for a week.H
18、e_ _ _the club for 3 days.They_ _ _for 10 years.He_ _ here since an hour ago.Jack_ _home for 2 hours.The door_ _open for a while.They_ _since 10 years ago. I_ _the book for a week.I_ _the car since a year ago.has been onhave been awayhas been deadhas been inhave been marriedhas beenhas beenhas beenh
19、ave knownhave kepthave had1.-What a nice bike! How long_you_it? -Just two weeks.(2004北京市中考北京市中考)A.will;buy B.did;buy C.are;having D.have;had2.-How long have you_here? -Since 1997.A.arrived B.moved C.come D.lived3.-I cant find my pen._you_it anywhere? -No.Look!Whats that under your book?A.Have;seenB.
20、Do;see C.Did;see D.Had;seen4.-Im sorry to have kept you waiting. -Oh,not at all.I_here for only a few minutes.A.will be B.wasC.amD.have been5.I wont go to see the film because I_the ticket.(2002河南)A.lostB.have lostC.will lost D.didnt lost八、过去完成时八、过去完成时1.用法：发生在用法：发生在 过去的过去过去的过去的动作。的动作。 They had got m
21、arried when he came back. got married came back现在现在过去过去过去的过去过去的过去我来晚了！我来晚了！没希望了！没希望了！终于结婚终于结婚了！好幸了！好幸福呀！福呀！现在完成时现在完成时2.标志词：标志词： by the end of,by the time,when+一般过去时一般过去时 过去完成时是一种相对存在的时态，判定时必须根据过去完成时是一种相对存在的时态，判定时必须根据上下文找到一个可以作为参照点的过去时间，上下文找到一个可以作为参照点的过去时间，在此参照点在此参照点前发生的动作前发生的动作都可以用过去完成时。都可以用过去完成时。注意
22、：注意：1.We_learning 1000 words by the end of last term.1.We_learning 1000 words by the end of last term.A.finishedA.finished B.have finishedB.have finished C.had finishedC.had finishedD.finishD.finish2.The train_when we got to the station.2.The train_when we got to the station.A.leavesA.leavesB.have l
23、eftB.have left C.were leaving C.were leaving D.had D.had leftleft3.By the time he returned,his son_supper.3.By the time he returned,his son_supper.A.cooks BA.cooks B.had cooked C.has cooked.had cooked C.has cooked D.was D.was cookingcooking1.Sorry,I_to help you at ten.I was busy at the moment. A.won
24、t come B.cant come C.didnt come D.shouldnt come2.He_this pen for five years.He_it in 1997. A.has bought,bought. B.bought,bought C.has kept,has bought D.has had,bought3.She_the flowers in the garden when I_to see her yesterday. A.watered，went B.was watering， went C.watered，was going D.was watering，wa
25、s going4.I don t know if my friend_.If he _,Ill let you know. A.comes,comes B.comes, will come C.will come,comes D.will come,will come5.John said he_ supper.He was quite full. A.had had B.was having C.had D.has eaten 6.There_two parties next week. A.are going to be B.are going to have C.is going to
26、be D.will have7.It_10 years since I_here. A.is,come B.is,have come C.was,came D.is,came8.-Kate likes eating chocolate. -_. Look, she is eating.(2003十堰市十堰市) A.So Lucy doesB.So does Lucy C.So they doD.So do they9.Kate_to bed until her mother_back. A.wont go,come B.hadnt gone, came C.went,came D.didnt
27、go,came10.His brother_from home for a long time. A.has left B.has been away C.left D.will leave 11.-Lucy,_you_your ticket? -Not yet. (2003河北省河北省) A.did;find B.have;foundC.has;foundD.do;find12.-_to the United States?（2003安徽）安徽） -No,never,but I went to Canada a few years ago.A.Have you beenB.Have you
28、gone C.Did you goD.Have you went13.The man who lived on the island thought he_ never_. (2001广州广州)A.will;found B.would;be found C.is;foundB.had;been found14.-I dont know if his uncle_. -I think he_if it doesnt rain. (2003重庆重庆）A.will come; comes B.will come; will comeC.comes; comesD.comes; will come15
29、.-Linda had nothing for breakfast this morning,_? -No,she got up too late.(2003河北）河北）A.had sheB.hadnt sheC.did sheD.didnt she16.The flowers_well if they_.(2002青岛青岛)A.wont grow; dont take good care ofB.dont grow; are taken good care ofC. wont grow; are not taken care of D. dont grow; dont take care o
30、f17.-Hurry up! Its time to leave. -OK,_.(2003江西江西)A.Im comingB.Ill comeC.Ive come D.I come18.There_an English evening next Tuesday.(2002甘肃甘肃)A.wasB.will beC.will haveD.are going to be19. I must return the camera to Li Lei, I_it for two weeks.A.keepB.borrowed C.have kept D.have lent (2003辽宁辽宁)20.-Whe
31、n_ this kind of computer_? -Last year.(2002天津天津)A.did; useB.was; usedC.is; usedD.are; used21.-Jerry,_you_your lost book? -Not yet.A.did;findB.have;foundC.has; foundD.do;find22.-Dont forget to post this letter for me,please! -No, I_.(2003江西江西)A.dontB.wontC.mustnt D.cant23.Do you know if_back next week? If he_back,please let me know.(2002黑龙江黑龙江)A.he comes, will comeB.will he come; comesC.he will come; comesD.will he come, will comeMany thnks!