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1、Unit 2Unit 2Text ISpace InvadersPre-reading Questions1.What does“personal space”mean in your mind?2.Have you ever had experience when you felt your PS was being invaded?Whats your feeling?3.Who have a stronger sense of PS,Chinese or Westerners?personal spaceIt refers to the amount of area available
2、for personal use and it is often regarded as a personal domain or territory.When this territory is invaded,its owner will feel uncomfortable or even threatened.Background information:1.About the text:This text was originally published in New Yorker on July 24,1993.later in 2001 it appeared again in
3、The Princeton Anthology of Writing:Favorite Pieces by the Ferries Writers at Princeton University.About the author:Richard Stengel is a senior writer working for Time magazine.3.Malthusian logic:the theories of the British economist Thomas Robert Malthus(1766-1843),which state that population increa
4、ses faster than the means of subsistence unless war,famine,or disease intervenes or efforts are made to limit population.4.Long Island:an island in southeastern New York.The New York city boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens are at its west end.Language Worksnake:move in a twisting way The train was snak
5、ing its way through the mountains.Some tired velvet ropes:some slackened velvet ropesinch:move very slowly and carefully Howard inched the van forward.Shuffle:walk by dragging ones feet along or without lifting them fully from the ground He slipped on his shoes and shuffled out of the room.shuffle s
6、th.off:avoid talking or thinking about sth.because it is not considered important He shuffled the question off and changed the topic.ring:a quality,or an impression of having the quality that is mentioned Her story has a ring of truth about it.The books he mentioned had a familiar ring about them.pe
7、netrate:succeed in forcing through sth.They penetrated into the territory where no man had ever been before.Wedge:force into a narrow space She opened the door wide and wedged it with a pad of newspaper.“dont tread on me”could have been coined only by someone with a spread:P5“dont step into my space
8、”.This could have been said only by a person who has a large personal space.Personal space is psychological,not physical:it has less to do with the space outside us than our inner space:personal space is more a psychological matter than a physical one.Be proportional to:increase or decrease at the s
9、ame rate as the other thing The output should be proportional to the input.Structural AnalysisStructural Analysis The writer points out the fact that nowadays people are more and more concerned about themselves and want to have a larger personal space than decades ago,and then he analyses the causes
10、 of space invasion.It can be divided into three parts.Structural AnalysisPart 1(1-2):the writer calls the readers attention to the invasion of PS by relating an experience of how his PS was invaded.Part 2(3-7):he analyzes some likely causes of the shrinkage of PS,and attributes the invasion to the g
11、eneral decline of good manners.Part 3(8-9):he presents his view about the essence of PS,it is psychological rather than physical,and urges people to“expand the contracting boundaries of PS”.Part I Part I paragraph 1-2paragraph 1-2The following question may be asked:1.How did the author describe the
12、violation of personal space that happened in a bank?a series of verb phrases and adverbials to vividly describe the process and peoples reaction.Untill hugger-muggerSlinky.Untill we were all pushing against each other,leaving the line in disorder.lazy line:personificationslothful,sluggish,idleThe ph
13、rase has a quaint,seventies ring to it.has an old touch that was characteristic of the 1970s./sounds old-fashioned and reminds one of the 1970s.Part II Part II paragraph 3-7paragraph 3-7The following questions could be asked:1.Is“personal space”a phrase of the seventies?Is it out of date nowadays?Wh
14、y or why not?2.Do you agree with the author about the reasons of space invasion given in Paragraph 4?What other factors have caused it?3.What does the author mean by saying“personal space is mostly a public matter”?4.Do space invaders respect other peoples personal space?T-shirt weather can make pro
15、ximity more alluring P4In hot summer days,people can be drawn to each other,esp.to the opposite sex or feel disgusted with the closeness of others(move away from those unpleasant smell of perspiration).T-shirt weather:metonymy 借代借代/换喻换喻He is a true blue.faithful personOr perhaps the increasing is in
16、fusingintojangling locals can no longer keep to themselves.P4 attract more and more people,who are stimulated and excited by the caffeine they take in,so that they become eager to meet others and no longer want to remain in private.we allow all kinds of invasions(Humanity wouldnt exist without them.
17、)P5 privately we allow people with whom we have close relationships to enter our PS in a variety of ways.(Indeed,in the absence of sexual intimacy none of us would be here.)The logistics of it vary according to geography.P5People in different regions are given different sizes of personal space.Ive n
18、oticed an increase in the ranks of what I think of.,mini-territorial expansionists who seize public space with a sense of manifest destiny.P7Ive noticed that the problem of space invasion has become more and more serious,and space invaders,acting in the way territorial expansionists usually do,take
19、it for granted that they have the right to seize public space.stake a claim to:make a claim to individuals routinely commandeer P7It is quite common that one person occupies a booth and a set of facing seats designed for four people.Part III Part III paragraph 8-9paragraph 8-9Questions to be asked:1
20、.Do you agree with the writers view that the contraction of the outer personal space is proportional to the expansion of the inner space of modern man?2.Why does the author decide to expand his contracting boundaries of personal space?the breeze from a butterflys wings Japan produce a tidal wave in
21、California.P9The author hopes that his own stand against the shrinkage of PS,as small in itself,will eventually have a dramatic effect in the same way as the breeze from a butterflys wings in Japan,if it initiates a chain of waves,may eventually produce a tidal wave in Conclusion Conclusion The auth
22、or looks at the causes of space invasion in Paragraph 4.He attributes this phenomenon to population explosion first,then to the hot weather and the stimulation of caffeine,geography.He examines the nature of space invasion and thinks that space invasion is a public matter.It is more psychological th
23、an physical.Rhetorical FeaturesRhetorical FeaturesListed below are the verbs used by the author to give a vivid and accurate description of the behavior of the space invaders 1)Verbs used to described the behavior of space invaders:inch,wedge,zigzag,jostle,refuse,press,bump,etc.2)Verbs used to descr
24、ibe the reaction of those whose space is being invaded:advanced,sidle,shuffle Vocabulary:1.drooping;loosened;slackened2.tone;sound3.already over-stimulated/relentless local people/residents4.unfriendliness;cold-shouldering5.membership of a group of organization1.sidled up2.carve out 雕刻，创业，开拓雕刻，创业，开拓
25、3.attribute to4.stake a claim to5.tread on their toes6.plowed into7.is proportional to progress8.breathing down their necks1.annoying2.intuition3.relented let it out4.proliferates into a succession of5.lamentably6.in an expansive mood7.as a matter of routine8.be less susceptible to shrinkageDABD CBA
26、B1.significantly/considerably/incautiously2.shrinking/receding/lessening3.private/personal/individual4.give/present/confer5.tightened/tense/rigid6.recently/currently7.old-fashioned/odd/antiquated8.uncomfortable/nervous/upset1.promotion2.endure3.willingly4.canceled5.the most important thing6.moderate
27、ly warm1.The pigeon was wedged in the fork of a branch and it fell after a while.2.The payment that the motorist will have to make is proportional to the damage he has done to the other persons car.3.You can only enter the cave by inching through a narrow tunnel on your stomach.4.She stammered some
28、apology for entering my office without knocking as she sidled towards the door.5.He took pains to explain to me that I was being dismissed not because I didnt do my work well but because the company could not pay my wages.6.The enlistment of young soldiers infused new hope and morale into the army.7
29、.Once the older boys stake a claim to the lawn,the younger ones had to give way to them to avoid conflict.8.The man following her made her uneasy and she couldnt help quickening her steps.Translate the following passage into Chinese.在某些文化中，空间感觉的一个重要在某些文化中，空间感觉的一个重要方面体现于人们所需要的彼此感觉舒方面体现于人们所需要的彼此感觉舒适却又
30、不觉得拥挤的适却又不觉得拥挤的“私人空间私人空间”。例如，北美人彼此感觉舒适所需的空例如，北美人彼此感觉舒适所需的空间距离大约是间距离大约是4英尺。而阿拉伯人和英尺。而阿拉伯人和拉美人反而是彼此靠近才会感觉舒服。拉美人反而是彼此靠近才会感觉舒服。因此，不同文化的人可能会无意间侵因此，不同文化的人可能会无意间侵犯别人的空间感。正如不同的时间观犯别人的空间感。正如不同的时间观可能会造成文化冲突，不同的空间观可能会造成文化冲突，不同的空间观也可能引发同样的问题。也可能引发同样的问题。Text II space and distanceText II space and distanceReferen
31、ce for questions:1.no.the distance we keep from other people depends on our interpersonal relationship.2.Tell your classmates whether you prefer to sit in the front,in the middle,or at the back of a room.There can be different reasons for different people to make the same choice.3.In any cases we will turn off the TV before the conversation starts.