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1、高三英语总复习语法系列训练高三英语总复习语法系列训练高三英语总复习语法系列训练高三英语总复习语法系列训练动词的时态动词的时态(1)Translate the following sentences into English:1.我们小时候常在一起玩。We often played together when we were children.2.汤姆在上夜校。Tom is studying at an evening school.3.我知道你会同意的。I knew you would agree.4.她已当了十年的教师了。She has been a teacher for ten year
2、s.5.如果你请他，他会来的。He will come if you invite him.6.当杰克到来时，他才了解到玛丽已经离开差不多一个小时了。When Jack arrived he learned Mary had been away for almost an hour.7.中国人造纸有2000年了。The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.8.飞机十一点半起飞。The plane takes off at 11:30.9.迈克周六回来。Mike is coming home on Saturday.10.每
3、天早上我七点去上学。I go to school at 7 every morning.一般一般现现在在时时be(is,am,are)do/does现现在在进进行行时时be(is,am are)doing现现在完成在完成时时have/has done一般一般过过去去时时was/were/did过过去去进进行行时时was/were doing过过去完成去完成时时had done一般将来一般将来时时will/shall do 将来将来进进行行时时will/shall be doing(将来完成将来完成时时will/shall have done)过过去将来去将来时时would/should do
4、现现在完成在完成进进行行时时have/has been doing一般现在时的动词形式：一般现在时的动词形式：动词原形动词原形1.am;is ;are2.have,has3.第三人称单数形式：第三人称单数形式：-(e)s一、一、一般现在时的用法一般现在时的用法1.表表示示总总是是、通通常常、习习惯惯性性的的动动作作或或状状态态。常常与与表表示示频频度度的的时时间间状状语语连连用用usually,often,sometimes,always,regularly,now and then,seldom,at present,nowadays,these days,at the moment,at,
5、on Sunday 现在现在过去过去将来将来1.I leave home for school at 7 every morning.2.He cycles to work every day.3.It snows in winter.2)客观真理，客观存在及自然现象。客观真理，客观存在及自然现象。1.The earth moves around the sun.2.Shanghai lies in the east of China.3.Water boils at 100 centigrade degrees。3)表示格言或警句中。表示格言或警句中。Practice makes perfe
6、ct.注注意意：此此用用法法如如果果出出现现在在宾宾语语从从句句中中，即即使使主主句句是是过过去去时时，从从句句谓谓语语也也要要用用一一般现在时。例如：般现在时。例如：Columbus proved that the earth is round.4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。1.I dont want so much.2.Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比较比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.I am doing my homework now.
7、第一句用一般现在时，用于第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作导说明的示范性动作，表示，表示言行的瞬间动作言行的瞬间动作。再如：再如：Now watch me,I switch on the current（电流）电流）and stand back.第二句中的第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作。是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作。注意：某些表示状态和感觉的动词，某些表示状态和感觉的动词，如be,like,hate,sound,believe,want,belong,depend等，常用一般现在时。Eg.1）I dont want to sound l
8、ike rude.2）I like this house very much but it belongs to my sister.知识扩展：一般现在时表将来知识扩展：一般现在时表将来1）下下列列动动词词：come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的的一一般般现现在在时时表表将将来来。这这主主要要用用来来表表示示按按时时间间表表拟拟好好的的或或安安排排好好的的事事情情或或要要发生的动作。发生的动作。The shop opens at 9:00 in the morning and closes at 8:00 in the evening.The trai
9、n leaves at six tomorrow morning.When does the bus start?It starts in ten minutes.2）倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如：）倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如：Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming.There goes the bell.=The bell is ringing.3）在时间或条件句中。）在时间或条件句中。When Bill comes(不是不是will come),ask him to wait for me.Ill write to you as soon as I a
10、rrive there.4）在动词在动词 hope,take care that,make sure that等后。等后。I hope they have a nice time next week.Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.5）特殊句型特殊句型 It is+时间段时间段+since.It is/has been five years since I moved here.二、一般过去时的用法二、一般过去时的用法1）在在过过去去某某个个特特定定时时间间里里所所发发生生的的动动作作或或存存在在的
11、的状状态态。时时间间状状语语有有：yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982 等。等。1.Where did you go just now?2.I saw Tom in the street yesterday.3.I bought this TV set in Beijing last year.2）表表示示在在过过去去一一段段时时间间内内，经经常常性性或或习习惯性的动作。惯性的动作。1.When I was a child,I often played football in the street.2.He always w
12、ent to work by bus.3.He used to act like that.3）用过去时表示现在，表示语气委婉礼貌。用过去时表示现在，表示语气委婉礼貌。如：如：情态动词情态动词 could,would。Could you lend me your bike?4）用用在在条条件件句句中中表表示示与与现现在在或或将将来来事事实实不不符符的虚拟语气。的虚拟语气。If I were a bird,I would fly to Beijing.If he were here now,we could turn to him for help.5在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一般过
13、去时代替过去将来时，表示过去将来的动作。Eg.Hetoldmethathewouldntgobackuntilhismotherreturned.6.since从句中常用过去时。Eg.Itisthreeyearssincehewentabroad.固定句型：1.Itistimethatsb.didsth.(是某人该干的时候)2.would/hadrather(that)sb.didsth.宁愿某人做某事；3.Ifonly+从句（要是就好了）中，可用一般过去时，表示与现在事实或与将来事实相反。如：1.到我们更加努力学习的时候了。Itstimethatwestudiedharder.2.我宁愿他明
14、天来。Idratherhecametomorrow.3.要是我是一只鸟就好了！IfonlyIwereabird.1)shall用于第一人称，常被用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，征求意见时常用于第二人称。在陈述句中用于各人称，征求意见时常用于第二人称。Which paragraph shall I read first？Will you be at home at seven this evening?2)be going to+不定式，表示将来。不定式，表示将来。a.主语的意图，即将做某事或打算做某事。主语的意图，即将做某事或打算做某事。What a
15、re you going to do tomorrow?b.计划，安排要发生的事计划，安排要发生的事。The play is going to be produced next month.c.有有迹迹象象要要发发生生的的事事 Look at the dark clouds;there is going to be a storm.三、一般将来时三、一般将来时三、一般将来时三、一般将来时3)be+不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。发生的事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday4)be about to+不定
16、式，意为马上做某事。不定式，意为马上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing.注意：注意：be about to 不能与不能与tomorrow,next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。5)be on the point of doing 表示表示“快要做某事快要做某事”，不与确切的时间状语连用。不与确切的时间状语连用。The plane is on the point of taking off.6 6）be going to/willbe going to/will的用法之比较：的用法之比较：的用法之比较：的用法之比
17、较：用于条件句时，用于条件句时，be going to表将来，表将来，will表意愿。表意愿。If you are going to make a journey,youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you take off your clothes,we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.7 7）be to dobe to do和和和和be going to be going to 的用法之比较：的用法之比较：的用法之比较：的用法之比较：be
18、 to do表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。而而be going to 则表示主观的打算或计划。则表示主观的打算或计划。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.(客观安排客观安排)Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.(主观安主观安排排)四、过去将来时四、过去将来时四、过去将来时四、过去将来时 （一）、基本概念：（一）、基本概念：（一）、基本概念：（一）、基本概念：过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生的动过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。它
19、是一个相对的时态，即立足于作或存在的状态。它是一个相对的时态，即立足于过去某时。过去某时。1)He said his mother would buy a bike for him.2)My brother told me he wouldnt believe Jack any more.3)Would it be all right if he knew his illness?二、基本形式：二、基本形式：wouldshould动词原形（其中动词原形（其中 would 用于各种用于各种人称，人称，should 常用于第一人称）。常用于第一人称）。1.They were sure they w
20、ould win the final victory 他们坚信会赢得最后胜利。他们坚信会赢得最后胜利。2.He didnt expect that we should（would）all be there 他没想到我们都在那里。他没想到我们都在那里。上述两个例句中的宾语从句谓语上述两个例句中的宾语从句谓语 would win 和和 should（would）be 分别与其主句谓语分别与其主句谓语 were sure 和和 didnt expect 相对应。相对应。三、过去将来时的一些其它表达形式：三、过去将来时的一些其它表达形式：1wasweregoing to动词原形动词原形 He said
21、 he was going to try 他说他准备试试。他说他准备试试。2waswereto动词原形动词原形 They said the railway was to be opened to traffic on May Day 3waswere about to动词原形动词原形 We were about to go out when it began to rain.我们正要出去天（突然）下起雨来。我们正要出去天（突然）下起雨来。4过去进行时（过去进行时（go，come，leave，start，open，begin 等）也可用于表示将来。等）也可用于表示将来。I didnt know
22、when they were coming again 我不知道他们什么时候再来。我不知道他们什么时候再来。四、用法注意点：四、用法注意点：在时间和条件状语从句中，常用一般过在时间和条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时来表示过去将来时。去时来表示过去将来时。He said he would come to see you when he had time.他说他有时间就来看望你他说他有时间就来看望你五、五、现在进行时现在进行时现在进行时中动词形式：现在进行时中动词形式：1、do-doing 2、live-living3 重读闭音节重读闭音节 sit-sitting drop-dropping4.以以
23、 ie 结尾结尾5.die-dying am is +-ing are1.表表示示现现在在(指指说说话话人人说说话话时时)正正在发生的事情。在发生的事情。2.We are waiting for you.John and Mary are talking on the phone.2.表表示示现现阶阶段段正正在在进进行行的的动动作作或或发发生生的的事事，虽虽然然此此时时此此刻刻动动作作不不一一定定在在进进行行，常与常与these days,this week等时间状语连用。等时间状语连用。如：这些天我们在做飞机模型。如：这些天我们在做飞机模型。We are making model plane
24、s these days.(此时此刻不一定在做）此时此刻不一定在做）现在进行时与always,continually,constantly,forever,all the time等连用，表示说话人的一种感情色彩，如同情、责备、好奇、不满、赞赏等。如：她老是抱怨。She is always complaining.3.进行时表示将来的用法：常用进行时表示将来的用法：常用的词的词 come,go,leave,arrive,start,begin,等等1.When are you leaving?=When will you leave?2.She is going to New York tom
25、orrow.下列几类动词不用进行时时态感知或感觉的动词：hear,see,seem,smell,sound,look,feel等。表示心理或情感的动词：like,love,hate,prefer,wish等。表示状态存在的动词：be,exist,remain,stay,等。表示占有或存属关系动词：have,own,belong,contain等。表示思考、理解等心理活动的动词：believe,doubt,forget,know,remember,understand等。1.Diane(wash)_ her hair every other day or so.2.Kathy usually(s
26、it)_ in the front row during class,but today she(sit)_ in the last row.washes,sits,is sitting3_you always_(locklock)the door to your apartment(公寓公寓)when you leave?4.I wrote to my friend last week.She hasnt answered my letter yet.I(wait,still)_ for a reply.Do ,lock,am still waiting5.Every morning,the
27、 sun(shine)_ in my bedroom window and(wake)_me up.shines,wakes6.A:Look!It(snow)_.B:Its beautiful!This is the first time Ive ever seen snow.It(snow,not,often)_ in my country.is snowing;does not often snow7.Mike is a student,but he(go,not)_ to school right now because its summer.He(attend)_ college fr
28、om September to May every year,but in the summers he(have,usually)_a job at the post office.In fact,he(work)_ there this summer.doesnt go;attends;usually has;is working8.Please be quiet.I(try)_ to concentrate.9.After three days of rain,Im glad that the sun(shine)_ again today.am trying;is shining-Is
29、 this raincoat yours?-No,mine _ there behind the door.A.is hanging B.has hungC.hangs D.hung现在进行时强调此刻正在进行的动作。现在进行时强调此刻正在进行的动作。一般现在时表示不确定时间经常、反一般现在时表示不确定时间经常、反复发生的动作或状态。复发生的动作或状态。-Can I help you,sir?-Yes,I bought this radio here yesterday,but it _.A.didnt workB.wont workC.cant workD.doesnt work-Can I
30、join the club,Dad?-You can when you _ a bit older.A.get B.will getC.C.are gettingD.D.will have gotMy cousin,Jenny,_ in New York till next Saturday.A.is stayingB.has stayedC.will have stayedD.stayed-Do you know when she _?-No,but Ill tell you as soon as she _.A.will come;comesB.comes;will comeC.will
31、come;will comeD.comes;comesLook!_!A.Here the bus comesB.Here comes the busC.Here is the bus comingD.Here the bus is coming过去进行时1.过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。这一特定的时间可用时间状语连用。如：at that time;at 8 oclock;when也可用上下暗示可用上下暗示。Eg.IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.She_ataradioshopatthetime.A.hasworkedB.wasworkingC.hadbeenw
32、orkingD.hadworkedBEg.-Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing!-Oh,Imterriblysorry,_.A.ImnotnoticingB.IwasntnoticingC.IhaventnoticedD.IdontnoticeB2.过去进行时过去进行时常用于由when、while、as引导的时间状语从句中，表示背景，引出由一般过去时一般过去时表示的新动作。或：过去进行时（表示背景）过去进行时（表示背景）+when+一一般过去时（新发生的动作）般过去时（新发生的动作）。此时when相当于atthattime;justthen.Eg.Thereportersaidt
33、hattheUFO_easttowestwhenhesawit.A.wastravellingB.travelledC.hadbeentravellingD.wastotravelA现在完成时1.表示动作已经完成，强调过去表示动作已经完成，强调过去 发生的某一动发生的某一动作作对现在造成的影响和结果对现在造成的影响和结果。一般过去时仅。一般过去时仅仅说明仅说明动作在过去动作在过去，不强调对现在的影响。，不强调对现在的影响。常与一些时间状语连用：如：常与一些时间状语连用：如：already;yet;by this time;just;ever;never;now;before;lately 等。
34、等。2.Itisthefirst/secondtime+that从句。从句中一般用现在完成时。另外：“Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since从句”中，从句动词通常用过去时过去时，主句用完成时完成时。3.有些瞬间性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。要连用时须用状态动词。成对的词有：become/be;die/bedead;leave/beaway;jointhearmy/servethearmyEg.She_Robertforayear.A.marriedB.marriedwithC.hasbeenmarryingD.hasbeenmarriedtoDMarry是瞬间性动作，不能和f
35、or+时间段的状语连用。要表示状态用hasbeenmarriedtosb.“和某人结婚”是marrytosb.注意：1.现在完成时不能与明确指出的表示过去的时间状语如lastweek,in1997,aminuteago,whenIcamein等连用。2.句型It/Thisisthefirsttimethat及It/Thisisthebest/worst/mostinteresting+名词+that中的从句要用现在完成时。Eg.1.这是他第一次参加奥运会。ItisthefirsttimethathehastakenpartintheOlympicGames.2.这是他所写的最有趣的一部小说。T
36、hisisthemostinterestingnovelhehaseverwritten.过去完成时A、had+pp.用法：、表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前已完成的动作或存在的状态（过去的过去）。2、表示过去某一时间开始延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态（用延续性动词）。、表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算。、常连用的时间状语有by the last/by the end of last、常用于下列句型中：Hardly/No sooner(过去完成时)when/than（一般过去时）。It/This/That was the time that(从句用过去完成时)。It was+一段时间+since(从
37、句用过去完成时)。ForexamplesBytheendoflasttermwehadlearnt20units.Hehadbeeninthiscollegeforthreeyearsbeforeheleftit.Theyhadmeanttoseemeoffattheairport,buttheygottheretoolate.Ihadthoughtyouwouldcometomorrow.Itwasthethirdtimethathehadmadethesamemistakes.ItwasfivedayssincetheyhadboughtthisTVset.现在完成进行时S+has/hav
38、e+been+Ving.表示经过去某一时间发生一直持续到现在的动作（动作未完成），动词必须用延续性动词。Eg.He has been working here for three years.比较：1.I have written a letter.（已完成）2.I have been writing a letter.（未完成）Translation:1.Jennyissometimeslateforwork.Herbossisveryangry.2.Insteadofrelyingonothers,Ichoosetobelieveinmyself.Idontthinktheresanysh
39、ort-cuttosuccess.Noonessuccessisbyaccident.3.Manyattributehersuccesstoluck.ButYangMi,25,insiststhatfortunefavorsonlythepreparedmind.4.Inmyopinion,itisnecessaryformiddleschoolstudentstohelptheirparentsdosomehousework.5.IhaveagoodfriendnamedLiPing(whosenameisLiPing).Heismyseatmate.Heis/comesfromthecou
40、ntry.Heisnottallbutverystrong.Heworksveryhardandoftenhelpsotherstudents.HesverygoodatEnglishbecauseheoftendoesreadingandoralpractice.HeoftenencouragesmetospeakEnglish.Helovessportsandplaysbasketballafterschooleveryafternoon.Helovesmusicandsingswell,too.Notonlytheteachersbutalsoallhisclassmateslikehi
41、m.AnE-mailtoaFriendHiJohn.Ivebeenthinkingaboutyou.ItsSundaynighthere,andIjustfinishedmyEnglishhomework.BeforeIturnoffmycomputer,Iwanttotellyouaboutmyweekend.Itwasreallygreat.Iwentcampingwithsomeofmyfriends.WeleftearlySaturdaymorninganddrovetothemountains.Wehikedforseveralhourstoabeautifullake.Wewent
42、swimming,wecookedovercampfire,andwesleptoutside.Wetoldstoriesandsangsongsuntilaftermidnight.Inthemorning,wemadeabigbreakfast,weswamagain,andthenwepackedupourthings,hikedbacktothecar,andcamehome.Weweretotallyexhausted,butwehadareallygreattime.Howaboutyou?Howwasyourweekend?Writebacksoon.Okay?1.The pro
43、blem of pollution must be paid attention to.2.The employees/workers of this company are not allowed to smoke in this office.3.Health education should be strengthened to control smoking and drinking.4.The bridge will be completed next month.5.The president was surrounded by a group of reporters when
44、he walked out of the lecture-room.6.Im sorry.The train tickets have been sold out.7.When he returned to the reading-room,his mobile telephone had been taken away.8.Theproblembeingdiscussedisabouthowtohelpthepeopleintheearthquake-hitareatorebuildtheirhome.WritingofUnit2ManypeopleinShenzhen,suchasgove
45、rnmentofficials,students,drivers,hotelclerks,begantolearnEnglishsoastowelcomethe21stUniversiadetobeheldinShenzhen.EveniftheycouldnotspeakEnglishfluently,theymakegooduseofeveryopportunitytocommunicatewithforeigners.Itakeanactivepartincommunityservicewithmyclassmatesandbelieveitornot,Iamabletoexpressm
46、yselffluentlyinEnglishatpresent.ThisisbecauseEnglishisbasedonpronunciationandImakegooduseof“pinyin”tohelpmelearnEnglish.Iunderstandthatthereisnosuchthingasashort-cutwhenwearelearningalanguage.Translation:1.Theproblemofpollutionmustbepaidattentionto.2.Theemployees/workersofthiscompanyarenotallowedtos
47、mokeinthisoffice.3.Healtheducationshouldbestrengthenedtocontrolsmokinganddrinking.4.Thebridgewillbecompletednextmonth.5.Thepresidentwassurroundedbyagroupofreporterswhenhewalkedoutofthelecture-room.6.Imsorry.Thetrainticketshavebeensoldout.7.Whenhereturnedtothereading-room,hismobiletelephonehadbeentakenaway.8.Theproblembeingdiscussedisabouthowtohelpthepeopleintheearthquake-hitareatorebuildtheirhome.