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1、动词动词inging形式的用法及练形式的用法及练习题习题(归纳整理归纳整理-含答案含答案)1.ing分词的构成分词的构成主动形式主动形式被动形式被动形式一般式一般式doingbeingdone完成式完成式havingdone havingbeendone否定式否定式:not+-ing/nothaving(been)done不是不是havingnot(been)done2.一般式和完成式的用法一般式和完成式的用法-ing分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作的动作同时同时进行的一个动作；完成式表示进行的一个动作；完成式表示先于先于谓语动词动作之前的一个动作。如：谓
2、语动词动作之前的一个动作。如：Walkingalongthestreet,hecaughtsightofanoldfriendofhis.Not having studiedhislessonsveryhard,hefailedtheexaminations.3.-ing分词的被动式分词的被动式当当ing分词与它的逻辑主语构成被分词与它的逻辑主语构成被动关系时，需要用被动形式。根据动关系时，需要用被动形式。根据ing分词动作发生的时间，分词动作发生的时间，ing分词的被动分词的被动式分为一般被动式式分为一般被动式(beingdone)和完成被和完成被动式动式(havingbeendone),如
3、：如：Thequestionbeing discussedisveryimportant.Having been praisedbytheteacher,heworksevenharder.4.-ing分词的句法功能分词的句法功能1)-ing分词作主语分词作主语Learning Englishhasbecomeapartofhislife.Itisnousetrying torepairtheship.Theseholesaremuchtoobig.2)-ing分词作宾语分词作宾语以下动词必须跟以下动词必须跟-ing分词作宾语：分词作宾语：admit/appreciate/avoid/cons
4、ider/delay/deny/dislike/enjoy/excuse/finish/image/keep/mind/miss/postpone/putoff/practise/risk/stand/stop/suggest/giveup/cannothelp避免避免错过错过少延期少延期avoidmissputoff/postpone建议建议完成完成多练习多练习suggestfinishpractise喜欢喜欢想像想像禁不住禁不住enjoyimaginecanthelp承认承认否定否定与嫉妒与嫉妒admitdenyenvy逃避逃避冒险冒险莫原谅莫原谅escaperiskexcuse忍受忍受保
5、持保持不介意不介意standkeepmindMake them easier for you to remember Make them easier for you to remember!英语中某些及物动词后习惯跟动名词作宾语，这类动词英语中某些及物动词后习惯跟动名词作宾语，这类动词是是：advise,delay,appreciate,consider,beworth,feellikeetc.to do sth.doing sth.forgetrememberregretmeango onstop try忘记忘记去做去做某事某事忘记忘记已经做过已经做过某事某事记住记住去做去做某事某事记住记
6、住曾做过曾做过某事某事遗憾遗憾去做去做某事某事后悔后悔做过做过某事某事打算打算/想做某事想做某事意味着做某事意味着做某事（做完某事）接着去（做完某事）接着去做另一件事做另一件事继续做同一件事继续做同一件事努力去做某事努力去做某事试着做某事试着做某事停下来去做另一件事停下来去做另一件事停止做一件事停止做一件事3）-ing分词作表语。如：分词作表语。如：Ourjobisplayingallkindsofmusic.Themusictheyareplayingsoundssoexciting.注：一般来讲，注：一般来讲，-ing分词作表语有两种情况，分词作表语有两种情况，一是名词性，这时主语和表语可
7、以互换。即：一是名词性，这时主语和表语可以互换。即：Playingallkindsofmusicisourjob.二是形容词性，表示主语的性质和特征，二是形容词性，表示主语的性质和特征，主表不可互换。主表不可互换。4）-ing分词作定语可以表示分词作定语可以表示(1)所修饰名词的用途。如：所修饰名词的用途。如：awaitingroom(=aroomforwaiting)候车室候车室awalkingstick(=astickforwalking)手杖手杖asleepingcar(=acarforsleeping)卧车卧车（2）所修饰词的性质特征。如：）所修饰词的性质特征。如：excitingne
8、ws令人激动的消息令人激动的消息amovingstory一个令人感动的故事一个令人感动的故事注注：分分词词短短语语作作定定语语须须放放在在所所修修饰饰词词之之后后，例例如如：themanstandingatthegate=themanwhoisstandingatthegate另外，另外，-ing分词的完成式不能作定语。例如分词的完成式不能作定语。例如不可以说：不可以说：Themanhavingwrittenmanybooksisaformerstudentofourschool.应改为应改为Themanwhohaswrittenmanybooksis(3)所修饰名词正在进行的动作，可以换成定
9、语所修饰名词正在进行的动作，可以换成定语从句形式。如：从句形式。如：asleepingchild(=achildwhoissleeping)正睡觉的孩子正睡觉的孩子awalkingman(=amanwhoiswalking)正散步的男人正散步的男人5)在在see,hear,feel,watch,notice等等感感官官动动词词后后可可以以用用-ing形形式式做做宾宾语语补补足足语语。这这时时-ing形形式式和和句句子子的的宾宾语语之之间间存存在在着着逻逻辑辑上上的的主主谓谓关关系系，并且并且-ing形式表示宾语正在进行的动作。如：形式表示宾语正在进行的动作。如：Hesawaboyclimbin
10、g thetree.Doyouhearsomeoneknockingatthedoor?有人敲门你听见了吗有人敲门你听见了吗?区别区别seesb.doingsth是指是指”看见某人正在做某事看见某人正在做某事”，不是全，不是全过程，表正在进行过程，表正在进行seesb.dosth是指是指”看见某人做过某事看见某人做过某事”是看着事情的是看着事情的发生全过程，发生全过程，是看见某人做某事是看见某人做某事例句例句Isawhercleantheclassroom.是说我看到她打扫教室了。（强调做过这件事）是说我看到她打扫教室了。（强调做过这件事）Isawhercleaningtheclassroom
11、.我看到她正在扫打教室（强调正在做某事）我看到她正在扫打教室（强调正在做某事）6)-ing分词作状语分词作状语(1)-ing分分词词在在句句中中可可以以作作伴伴随随状状语语，常常放放于于句句后后，表表示示主主语语正正在在进进行行的的另另一一个个动动作作，来来对对谓谓语语表表示示的的主主要要动动作作加加以以修修饰饰或或作作主主要要陪陪衬衬。如：如：Theysatinfrontofthebuilding,laughing and chatting.He worked late yesterday,preparing for thelecture.(2)-ing分分词词可可以以作作时时间间状状语语，
12、常常放放在在句句首首，如：如：(When)Walkinginthestreet,Icaughtsightofatailorsshop.(3)-ing分词可以作分词可以作原因状语原因状语，常放句首。，常放句首。如：如：Being ill,hecantgotoschool.Not knowing her address,wecouldntgetintouchwithher.Having livedinthecityformanyyears,heknowsitverywell.(After)Finishingmywork,Iwentout.Having toldusafunnystory,thete
13、acherwentontoexplainthetexttous(4)-ing分词可以作分词可以作条件状语条件状语，常放句首。，常放句首。Turning to the right,youllfindthepostofficethere.(5)-ing分词可以作分词可以作结果状语结果状语，常放句末。，常放句末。Heturnedoffthelight,seeing nothing.5.-ing分词的复合结构分词的复合结构物主代词物主代词/人称代词人称代词/名词所属格或普通名词名词所属格或普通名词+ing分词分词(1)作主语（须用作主语（须用物主代词物主代词或或名词所属格名词所属格）His/Toms
14、not being chosenmadeusdisappointed.(2)作宾语作宾语(除了物主代词和名词所有格，也可用除了物主代词和名词所有格，也可用普普通名词或代词宾格通名词或代词宾格）Hewasawakenedbysomeonesknockingatthedoor.Theyhaveneverforgivenus goingthere.Wedontmindhim explainingitagain.Myfriendcantunderstandyour treatinghimlikethat.(3)作状语作状语（须用普通名词或主格代词须用普通名词或主格代词,亦称亦称独立主格结构独立主格结构
15、）Time permitting,welldealwiththetext.Theboywasplayingwithaball,his mother standingnearby.1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词式，介词等是主谓关系或动宾关系。等是主谓关系或动宾关系。3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。Thetestfinished,webeganourholiday.=Whenthe
16、testwasfinished,webeganourholiday.Themeetinggoneover,everyonetiredtogohomeearlier.独立主格结构可在其前加上介词独立主格结构可在其前加上介词with/without。Withoutawordmorespoken,sheleftthemeetingroom.Theboywaswalking,withhisfatherfollowing.MissSmithenteredtheclassroom,bookinhand.MissSmithenteredtheclassroom,withabookinherhand.在在“名
17、词（或代词）名词（或代词）+介词短语介词短语”构成的构成的独立主格结构中，一般不用形容词性物主独立主格结构中，一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。代词和冠词。Notfarfromtheschooltherewasagarden,_ownerseatedinitplayingchesswithhislittlegrandsoneveryafternoon.A.itsB.whoseC.whichD.that【分析分析】此题很容易误选此题很容易误选B，汉子你一不小心就会认，汉子你一不小心就会认为它是定语从句，为它是定语从句，whose在定语从句中用作定语修饰在定语从句中用作定语修饰其后的名词其后的名词o
18、wner。但它却不是一个句子，因为没有。但它却不是一个句子，因为没有谓语。谓语。seat用作动词时，它总是及物的，其后要么接用作动词时，它总是及物的，其后要么接宾语，要么它就用于被动语态，所以若在宾语，要么它就用于被动语态，所以若在seated前加前加上助动词上助动词is，则可以选择，则可以选择B。所以选。所以选A。(1)Hewrotealotofnovels,manyof_translatedintoforeignlanguages.A.itB.themC.whichD.that(2)Hewrotealotofnovels,manyof_weretranslatedintoforeignla
19、nguages.A.itB.themC.whichD.that第第(1)应选应选B，因为句中的，因为句中的translated是过去分词是过去分词若选若选C，则该从句无谓语；，则该从句无谓语；第第(2)应选应选C，该句是典型的定语从句，因为该句，该句是典型的定语从句，因为该句修饰的是前面的修饰的是前面的novels，即指物，所以只能用，即指物，所以只能用which做做of的宾语的宾语.请记住定语从句有逗号请记住定语从句有逗号,不用不用that!(3)Hewrotealotofnovels,andmanyof_weretranslatedintoforeignlanguages.A.itB.th
20、emC.whichD.that【分析分析】此题与上面的第此题与上面的第(2)题不同，两句间题不同，两句间多了一个并列连词多了一个并列连词and，说明这是一个并列，说明这是一个并列句，故应选句，故应选B，则不能选，则不能选C。(1)ThereImetseveralpeople,twoof_beingforeigners.A.whichB.themC.whomD.that(2)ThereImetseveralpeople,twoof_wereforeigners.A.WhichB.whomC.whoD.that(3)ThereImetseveralpeople,andtwoof_wereforei
21、gners.A.whichB.themC.whomD.that(4)There_nothingmoretodo,Mr.Goodmanleftforhome.A.WasB.beingC.tobeD.hadbeing（独立主格结构）（独立主格结构）（非限制性定语从句）（非限制性定语从句）（两个句子）（两个句子）（独立主格结构）（独立主格结构）B1._moreattention,thetreecouldhavegrownbetterA.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven2._areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.R
22、eceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived3.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,_alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedDwaspreparingBACtoprepare表目的意思上并不错但通表目的意思上并不错但通常不用逗号隔开常不用逗号隔开5.ThevisitingMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwithhistalks,_thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.A.havi
23、ngaddedB.toaddC.addingD.addedC6.“Cantyouread?”Marysaid_tothenotice.A.angrilypointingB.andpointedangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing8.Thecomputercenter,_lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened9.Thefirsttextbooks_forteachingEnglishasaforeignlang
24、uagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.writtenADDOpen有形容词和动词之分有形容词和动词之分,动词有主被动动词有主被动,还有还有close11.Doyouknowtheboy_underthebigtree?A.layB.lainC.layingD.lying12.Therewasaterriblenoise_thesuddenburstoflight.A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed13.-Goodmornin
25、g,canIhelpyou?-Idliketohavethispackage_,madam.A.beweighedB.tobeweighedC.toweighD.weighed14.Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldntmakehimself_.A.hearB.tohearC.hearingD.heardDDDB15.Themissingboyswerelastseen_neartheriver.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay16.Thesalesmanscoldedthegirlcaught_andlether
26、off.A.tohavestolenB.tobestealingC.tostealD.stealingA别人看到时正在玩耍别人看到时正在玩耍,而非全过程而非全过程D补充完补充完girl的定语从句：的定语从句：whoiscaughtstealing其中其中whois可以省略可以省略也可以加上。也可以加上。becaughtdoingsth是固定句型。意思是某人被撞者是固定句型。意思是某人被撞者做某事做某事，放到句中，就是被抓到偷东西。，放到句中，就是被抓到偷东西。17.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands_behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.h
27、avingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied19.Shesetoutsoonafterdark_homeanhourlater.A.arrivingB.toarriveC.havingarrivedD.andarrivedDD20.Johnwasmade_thetruckforaweekasapunishment.A.towashB.washingC.washD.tobewashing21.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget_bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay22.Mr.Smithwarnedherdaughter_
28、afterdrinking.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.everdriveCAAwarnsb.(not)todosth.警告某人（不要）干某事警告某人（不要）干某事warnsb.about/ofsth.提醒、警告某人注意某事提醒、警告某人注意某事make sb.dobe made to do25.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,_itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomake26.Shepretended_mewhe
29、nIpassedby.A.nottoseeB.notseeingC.tonotseeD.havingnotseen27.Ratherthan_onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers_abicycle.A.ride,rideB.riding,rideC.ride,torideD.toride,ridingAAC28.LittleJimshouldlove_tothetheatrethismorning.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.takingshoudloveto等于等于woudliketo,后边跟动词后边跟动词原形原形,Jim是被带进剧
30、院的是被带进剧院的,用被动语态用被动语态.所以选所以选A.29.Iwouldlove_tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone31.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident_losehisjob.A.sonotastoB.soasnottoC.soastonotD.notsoastoBB33.-Thelightintheofficeisstillon.-Oh,Iforgot_.A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.
31、toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff34.IcanhardlyimagePeter_acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.A.sailB.tosailC.sailingD.tohavesailedCC必加必加ing形式的动词形式的动词35.Iwouldappreciate_backthisafternoon.A.youtocallB.youcallC.yourcallingD.yourecalling37._isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.A.ThewalkB.WalkingC.TowalkD.
32、Walk38.-Imustapologizefor_aheadoftime.-Thatsallright.A.lettingyounotknowB.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownotD.lettingnotyouknowCBB42.Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.-Well,nowIregret_that.A.todoB.tobedoingC.doneD.havingdone43.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldh
33、im_.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donottoDAB这是一个省略式的回答，用这是一个省略式的回答，用to来表示动词的省略。来表示动词的省略。若选若选A，必须是完整的，必须是完整的，nottodothat.因为因为do是及物是及物动词。例如：动词。例如：Wouldyouliketogowithme?Idliketo.44.Thepatientwaswarned_oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating45._inthought,healmostranintothecari
34、nfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolost46.Robertissaid_abroad,butIdontknowwhatcountryhestudied.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudyingCCABelostinsth是沉醉、沉迷、迷失于。是沉醉、沉迷、迷失于。studied.48.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor_“Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.”A.readB.readsC.tor
35、eadD.reading49.Thesentencewants_oncemore.A.explainedB.explainingC.beingexplainedD.toexplainDBwantdoing=wanttobedone.needrequire都可以用主动的形式表示被动都可以用主动的形式表示被动如如Thetreesneedwatering=Thetreesneedtobewatered.51._fromsomanyapple,Ithink,theseonthetablearemuchbetterthantheothers.A.HavingchosenB.ChosenC.Beingch
36、osenD.Choose52.Herskirthasbecomeloose.Sheseems_weight.A.toloseB.thatshehaslostC.tohavelostD.tobelosing53.Thehighway_tothecityisunderrepairnow.A.leadsB.ledC.toleadD.leadingBCD54.Did_ontimemaketheteacherangry?A.shenotcomeB.shenottocomeC.nothercomingD.hernotcoming55.YoucanneverimagethegreattroubleIhave
37、had_thepatientwhoreceivedaseriouswound.A.totreatB.treatedC.treatD.treatingDD这里省略了这里省略了in,惯用法惯用法havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth:做某事遇到了麻烦。做某事遇到了麻烦。Thereseemstobenotimeforgoingtothecinema化简是化简是Thereisnotimeforgoingtothecinema.itisnotime不可以这样用。只能不可以这样用。只能itistimefor(doing)sth.而否定的只能而否定的只能thereissome/
38、much/alittle/notimeC56._tobenotimeforgoingtothecinema.A.ItseemsB.ItisseemingC.ThereseemsD.Itis祈使句祈使句:一一.动词原型动词原型+and/or+陈述句陈述句(一般陈述句里有一般陈述句里有will,or可用可用orelse或或otherwise替换替换)如如Givemeonemorehour,andIllgettheworkfinished.Followtheadvice,andyoullbewellverysoonTakethechance,oryouwillregretit.二二.名词词组名词词组
39、+and+陈述句陈述句如如Moreeffort,andyouwillsucceed.Anotherattempt,andyouwillgetit.57._tothetopofthehill,andyoucanseethewholeofthetown.A.GetB.TogetC.GettingD.HavinggotA58.Whileshopping,peoplesometimescanthelp_intobuyingsomethingtheydontreallyneed.A.topersuadeB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded59.-Yourshirtwants_,Mary.-Yes,itdoes.Imgoingtohaveit_thisafternoon.A.towash,washingB.towash,washedC.washing;washedD.washing,washCC结束结束