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1、从目的论的角度对使女的故事英译汉的分析Analysis of the Translation of The Handmaid s Tale Season From the Perspective of Skopos Theory摘要：加拿大知名女作家玛格丽特阿特伍德是个典型的后现代知识分子作家，她的作品不仅生发于自己的经历和感性认识，更是来源于后现代理论、书本知识以及大量的案头调研。其代表作使女的故事就是这样一部埋藏了丰富的后现代元素，寄寓着作者深刻的政治观的反乌托邦题材作品，权力意味鲜明。本文重点通过目的论的视角来分析使女的故事的英译本，从而了解其翻译方法和态度。关键词：使女的故事；目的论；
2、英译本；格丽特阿特伍德Abstract:Canadian famous female writer Margaret Atwood is a typical post-modern intellectual writer, her works not only originated in her own experience and perceptual knowledge, but also from the post-modern theory, books, and a large number of desk research. His masterpiece The Handmaid
3、s Tale Season is such a rich post-modern element, Jiyu the authors deep political view of the anti-utopian theme works, power means bright. This article focuses on the analysis of the English version of the story of the servant girl through the perspective of teleology to understand its translation
4、methods and attitudes.Key words:The Handmaids Tale Season; a translation; Greet Atte wood .目 录1.Introduction41.1 Research Background41.2 Research Significance41.3 Structure of the Paper52. Literature Review52.1 An Overview of Translation52.2 Studies on Translation62.3 Studies on The Handmaids Tale S
5、eason63. Theoretical Background: Skopos Theory73.1 The Development of Skopos Theory73.2 Three Key Rules of Skopos Theory83.2.1 Purpose principle83.2.2 Coherence principle and fidelity principle83.2.3 Principle of loyalty93.3 Feasibility of Skopos Theory to Translation94. An Exemplification of Transl
6、ations from the Perspective of Skopos Theory: A Case Study of The Handmaids Tale Season104.1 A Brief Introduction to The Handmaids Tale Season104.2 Common Strategies for Translation in The Handmaids Tale Season104.3 Suggested Translation in Terms of Skopos Theory114.4 Major Methods in the Translatio
7、n115. Conclusion12Reference13Thanks131.Introduction1.1 Research BackgroundMargaret Atwoods excellent writing skills and strong national awareness, political awareness, environmental protection ( ecology ) consciousness is embodied in his masterpiece, The Handmaids Tale Season. The Handmaids Tale Sea
8、son in 1985 into print without, won the Canadian literary Governor of the Year and the Los Angeles Times Best Novel Award, and was shortlisted for the English World Nobel Prize in the Booker Prize final,1987 year again to get Arthur C Clark sci-Fi literature award 4 It is also a Canadian winner of t
9、he Commonwealth Literature Prize1. The Handmaids Tale Season in the language widely use puns and other rhetorical devices, narrative structure, the text is rich in potential meaning, and contains a large number of religious and cultural vocabulary and sporogenous words, the text itself and power dis
10、course has a deep intertwined relationship, in translation has a great difficulty. This article mainly studies its English translation, through the angle of teleology to the Maid of the Story of the translation method analysis, so that readers better feel the theme and deep connotation.1.2 Research
11、SignificanceThe Handmaids Tale Season is set in Massachusetts, where democratic government is replaced by the theocratic base, where womens social status has fallen sharply, women who have fertility are transformed into national resources, and are assigned to high-ranking senior officials to breed,
12、to become fertility tools, The women who had lost their fertility were either served by the ruling class, were sisters and Horses ( Maids ),or had been classified as non-women, and had been rushed to the quarantine camp, where nuclear waste was contaminated, Even the archbishops wives were not able
13、to participate in social and cultural life unless they had the power to manage housework. The authors imagination is bold and frightening, but even more frightening is that the future of the authors predictions is now based on reality, so the story of the servant girl has a high social warning value
14、. This paper analyses the English translation of the Servant girls story from the perspective of teleology, which has a certain theoretical and practical significance in understanding its translation methods and translation versions and feeling the warning value of the works2.1.3 Structure of the Pa
15、perOn the basis of clarifying the research background, significance and research status of this topic, this paper focuses on the main contents of the English translation of the Servant Girls story and the common methods of translation from the angle of teleology, thus making a little effort for the
16、better translation of the works. English translation embodies the core idea of Functionalist Skopos Theory - translation purpose determines translation strategy. It follows the principle of faithfulness and subordinates to the principle of coherence. The degree of coherence and faithfulness is ultim
17、ately determined by purpose. From the perspective of faithfulness and betrayal, this paper explores the purpose and role of translators in selecting suitable translation strategies.2. Literature Review2.1 An Overview of English versionMargaret Atwood is an evergreen figure in the study of foreign li
18、terature, the first edition of The Handmaids Tale Season of the New York Times bestseller list. at a month, . Amazon as the worlds best-selling book, it can be seen in the English world popularity. Margaret Atwoods work is also a must for many foreign college English Literature class contents, even
19、a professor combined with years of students studying Margaret Atwood Wood works of the situation assembled a book, as a readers guide into print without published. I refer to 3 studies of Margaret Atwoods English research monographs, the accompanying research paper is hundreds, the study covers its
20、poetry, prose, fiction, literary theory, interviews and other literary forms. The research direction includes the national character, the biography research, the Power consciousness, the feminism, the Ecology doctrine, the historical text, the language characteristic, The Blind and the existence and
21、 so on the specific topic and so on, but generally is the feminist research as the mainstream, contains other criticism direction3.2.2 Studies on English versionGina Wisker (in) in the title Margaret Atwood s The Handmaids Tale:reader s Guide The research monographs in five chapters guide the reader
22、 to understand The Handmaids Tale Season, the first chapter introduces the background of the book of the maids story . ; The second chapter introduces the reader to the four common themes of the study of the maids story, namely, female and feminism, the form and style of language, anti-utopia and si
23、milar novel, power control and religious fundamentalism. ; Chapter Three leads the reader to read the story of the Servant Girl by chapter, summarizes the main idea and analyzes its role in promoting the development of the whole story plot . ; The fourth chapter, on the basis of the first three chap
24、ters, gives the reader a general introduction to the study of The Handmaids Tale Seasonservant, covering the first book review to the latest criticism . ; The fifth chapter lists the references of each chapter and selects a series of criticism and commentary articles for readers with further reading
25、 needs4.2.3 Studies on The Handmaids Tale SeasonCongqingli (2011) It is pointed out that The Handmaids Tale Season uses unique narrative strategy to show readers the unique theme of the novel, such as time-space overlapping narrative method is full of critical, through the criticism of history to ar
26、ouse the readers reflection ; repeated narrative techniques remind the reader that the tragedy is constantly on the way, and must reflect on. Feminism and female ecology have always been the main direction of the study of the story of the Handmaid, Zhangdongmei, Hirotoshi (2013) , Shengli (2014) , L
27、ian (2014) all coincide with the situation that women and nature are oppressed in the patriarchal society, pointing out the natural closeness of women and nature, as well as natural retaliation and womens resistance. Huang (2016) from Foucaults body theory, the females body is divided into the natur
28、al body ( Basic physiological needs are limited ) , economic body ( deprivation of economic rights such as the right to work and property ) , social body ( deprivation of basic social rights such as personal freedom, freedom of expression and communication with the outside world ) The analysis, in-d
29、epth interpretation of the tragic situation in which the womens bodies were subjected to strict discipline as state-owned resources, and pointed out that the writer, Atwood, wanted to alert the woman and provide inspiration for the struggle of the female compatriots to find their own identity5.3. Th
30、eoretical Background: Skopos Theory3.1 The Development of Skopos TheorySkopos theory was first put forward by Katerina Rice in the late 1970s and early 80s. In 1971, she published the book possibilities and limitations of translation criticism and published relevant proposals. Although Rice is still
31、 based on the theory of equivalence, she is also aware that it is sometimes impossible to achieve equivalence between the source text and the target text in the real context, and sometimes even does not want to establish equivalence, because some translations are intended to achieve a purpose or fun
32、ction different from the original text. In this case, translation should first consider the function of the translated text rather than equivalence, which forms the origin of Skopos theory6.Later, Rices student, Hans Vermeer, broke through the limitations of equivalence theory and developed Skoposth
33、eorie on the basis of behavioral theory. He first proposed the basic principles of Skopostheorie in his 1978 essay The Framework of General Translation Theory. In 1984, he collaborated with Rice on the Theoretic Basis of General Translation, in which Vermeer regarded translation (including interpret
34、ation) as an act of translation based on the original text, and any act was purposeful, so translation was purposeful and could have an impact on the culture of the target language. In addition, two other German translators, Jasta Hertz Mantali and Christian Nord, further developed the theory. Manta
35、ri defines translation as a complex act intended to achieve a specific purpose on the basis of behavioral theory. In particular, she emphasizes the behavioral aspects of the translation process, focusing on the roles of the participants in the translation activities (the initiator, the translator, t
36、he user of the text, the recipient of the information) and the contextual conditions in which the participants occur. As a new generation of German school, Nord put forward the loyalty principle and applied Skopos Theory to interpreter training, interpretation, literary translation and other fields.
37、 Therefore, if Rice provides a specific basis for the emergence of Skopostheorie, Vermeer becomes the founder of Skopostheorie because he puts forward the main principles of Skopostheorie. Mantalis contribution lies in her emphasis on the behavior of the translation process, the role of the particip
38、ants and the environment in which the translation takes place, while Nord perfects the theory and expands its application7.3.2 Three Key Rules of Skopos Theory3.2.1 Purpose principle Skopostheorie holds that the primary principle followed by all translation activities is the Skopos Principle, which
39、means that translation should be able to function in the context and culture of the target language in the manner expected by the target language recipient. The purpose of translation behavior determines the whole process of translation, that is, the result determines the method. However, translatio
40、n activities can be further divided into three categories: (1) the basic purpose of the translator (e.g. making a living); (2) the communicative purpose of the translation (e.g. enlightening the reader); (3) the purpose of using a particular means of translation (e.g. adopting structural straightnes
41、s in order to illustrate the peculiarities of the grammatical structure of a language). The way of translation. Usually, however, the term purpose refers to the communicative purpose of the translated text, i.e. the communicative function of the translated text in the socio-cultural context of the t
42、arget language. (Venuti: 2001) Therefore, the translator should specify his specific purpose in a given translation context and decide which translation method to adopt - literal translation, free translation or in between8.3.2.2 Coherence principle and fidelity principleCoherence refers to the fact
43、 that a translation must conform to the criteria of intralingual coherence, that is, the readability and acceptability of the translation, which enables the recipient to understand and make sense in the translators culture and in the communicative context in which the translation is used. The princi
44、ple of faithfulness means that there should be coherence between the original and the target text. This is equivalent to what other translation theories call faithfulness to the original, but the degree and form of faithfulness to the original depends on the purpose of the translation and the transl
45、ators understanding of the original9.3.2.3 Principle of loyaltyThe principle of loyalty was put forward by Nord. She finds two flaws in Skopostheorie: first, people in different cultural backgrounds have different views on good translation because of different cultural patterns; and if the communica
46、tive purpose of the translation required by the Skopostheorie is just the opposite of the original authors intention, then we will abide by the Skopostheorie and violate the principle of fidelity. . Therefore, Nord puts forward the principle of loyalty to solve the cultural differences and the relat
47、ionship between the participants in translation. Nord holds that the translator has a moral obligation to the recipient of the translation and must explain to them what he has done and why he has done so. This is part of the principle of loyalty. On the other hand, the principle requires the transla
48、tor to be faithful to the original author. The translator should respect the original author and coordinate the target language and the authors intention. (Nord: 2001) Therefore, the principle of loyalty focuses on the relationship between the translator and the original author, the client, the reci
49、pient and other participants in the translation process. Nord suggested that the translator should follow the guiding principle of function plus loyalty, thus improving the theory10.3.3 Feasibility of Skopos Theory to English versionThe target criterion is naturally the primary criterion for evaluating different translations of t