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1、名名词词一、中考考查一、中考考查(koch)重点重点1.可数名词可数名词(mngc)与不可数名词与不可数名词(mngc)2.名词名词(mngc)的单数与复数的单数与复数3.名词名词(mngc)所有格所有格4.4.专有名词专有名词(mngc)的常见的缩写形式的常见的缩写形式 1第一页，共26页。名词(mng c)专有名词(mng c)（如：Tom、China、the United States,January,Monday)可数名词普通(ptng)名词物质(wzh)名词(如：water水)抽象名词(如:happiness幸福)个体名词(如：teacher教师)集体名词(如：police警察)不可
2、数名名词的定义：表示人、事物、地方、现象及其他名词的定义：表示人、事物、地方、现象及其他抽象概念名称的名词。抽象概念名称的名词。2第二页，共26页。cap-capstask-tasksstar-starstree-treeshouse-housesexercise-exercises可数名词的复数可数名词的复数(fsh)形式形式规则规则(guz)(guz)变变化化A.绝大多数名词的复数形式(xngsh)在单数形式(xngsh)后加-SB.以字母x、s、ch、sh 结尾的名词在其后加-esbus-busesbox-boxeswatch-watchesdish-dishesclass-classe
3、sC.（1）以辅音字母以辅音字母+y结尾的名词需把结尾的名词需把y变为变为i再加再加-esstorystoriesbabybabiescountrycountriespartyparties（2）以元音字母以元音字母+y结尾的名词在后面直接加结尾的名词在后面直接加-sdaydaysboy-boystoy-toys3第三页，共26页。E.（1）以元音字母）以元音字母+o结尾的名词，以及某些结尾的名词，以及某些(muxi)以以o结尾结尾的的外来词，变为复数时只加外来词，变为复数时只加-Sradioradioszoo-zoosbamboo-bamboosD.以以-f或或-fe结尾结尾(jiwi)的可
4、数名词的可数名词,先将先将f或或fe变成变成v再加再加-esshelf-shelveslifelivesknife-knivesleaf-leaveswifewiveshalfhalves特殊特殊:roof-roofs（2）以辅音字母）以辅音字母+o结尾的名词变为复数结尾的名词变为复数(fsh)+es,potato-potatoeshero-heroestomatotomatoes但但pianopianos,photo-photos除外除外.4第四页，共26页。不规则变化不规则变化(binhu)1.特殊特殊(tsh)变变化：化：2.单复同形单复同形(tnxn)manmengentlemange
5、ntlemenpolicemanpolicemenwomanwomenfootfeettoothteethmousemicechildchildrensheepsheepfishfish/fishesdeerdeerChineseChineseJapaneseJapanese5第五页，共26页。3.表示表示“某国人某国人”的名词，其变化有三种的名词，其变化有三种(snzhn)情况情况a.aJapanesefiveJapanese(e.gChinese)b.aFrenchmantwoFrenchmen(e.gEnglishmanEnglishwomanfishermanpolicemanFren
6、chwoman)c.aGermanfiveGermans(e.gRussianAmericanIndianItalianKorean)4.常以复数形式常以复数形式(xngsh)出现的名词出现的名词集体集体(jt)名词：名词：trousersglassesclothespeoplepolice口诀：中日不变英法变，其余把口诀：中日不变英法变，其余把S加后面加后面5.6第六页，共26页。5.复合复合(fh)名词的复数形式名词的复数形式a.将主体名词将主体名词(mngc)变为复数变为复数e.gaboystudentboystudentsaflowershopflowershopsadiningroo
7、mdiningroomsbanana tree banana trees shoe factory shoe factoriesb.当名词当名词(mngc)的第一个构成部分为的第一个构成部分为man或或woman时，时，将将2个构成部分均变为复数个构成部分均变为复数e.g awomanteachertwowomenteachersamannursetwomennurses7第七页，共26页。不可数名词常见(chn jin)的不可数名词.drink-coffe,milk,tea2.food-rice,bread,meatporridge,tofu,3.sugar,salt,pepper,butt
8、er4.weather-rain,snow,ice,cloud,wind5.cotton,silk,wool,mental,paper,wood,glass,plastic6.English,Chinese,Japanese,French,German7.history,maths,science,physics,biology,PE,music,art8.help,confidence,courage,success,danger,safe9.work,homework,teamwork,news,money,advice物质(wzh)名词(如：water水)抽象名词(如:happiness
9、幸福)8第八页，共26页。不可数名词不可数名词数量的表达法：数量的表达法：通过改变通过改变(gibin)量词形式的方法来表示不可数名词的量量词形式的方法来表示不可数名词的量 a bottle of milk-two bottles of milk a piece of meat-three pieces of meat表示(biosh)不可数名词量的相关词语还有：some,a lot of,much,a little,little,lots of,enough,plenty of巩固练习(linx):(1)一茶杯茶 （2）一块冰 （3）两公斤肉 （4）五瓶橘汁 （5）半公斤鸡肉 （6）许多瓶牛
10、奶 不可数名词没有复数形式9第九页，共26页。既可做不可数名词，又可做可数名词的：既可做不可数名词，又可做可数名词的：不可数名词不可数名词可数名词可数名词 paper 纸 a paper glass 玻璃(b l)a glass iron 铁 a iron room 空间 a room chicken 鸡肉 a chicken beauty 美 a beauty一张报纸一张报纸一个玻璃杯一个玻璃杯一个熨斗一个熨斗一个房间一个房间(fngjin)一只小鸡一只小鸡一个美人一个美人10第十页，共26页。专有名词：1.表示人名 如：Jim Kate Li Lei Miss Gao2.表示地名:如:Ch
11、ina USA England Beijing3.表示星期、月份等时间概念的名称，如：Sunday Monday Tuesday January February4.表示中外(zhngwi)节日：国际性节日:New Year May Day Childrens Day Womens Day 中国节日:Spring Festival Mid-autumn Day National Day 西方节日:Christmas Day Easter(复活节）Fathers Day Mothers Day Saint Valentines Day(情人节)5.机构或一些社会团体的名称，它们往往缩写,如:CC
12、TV UN WTO PLA PRC UFO BBC SOS UN IT NBA IQ EQ PE RMB VIP 11第十一页，共26页。名词名词(mngc)的所有格的所有格单数单数(dnsh)的名词所有格的名词所有格Mikesbagtheboysknife2.在词尾有在词尾有-S的复数的复数(fsh)名词所有格名词所有格,只在词尾加只在词尾加,读音与名词变复数读音与名词变复数(fsh)同同thestudentsbookstheteachersoffice3.不规则名词不规则名词复数复数的所有格的所有格,即词尾不是以即词尾不是以-s结尾的单词结尾的单词,在词后在词后加加s,如如:WomensD
13、aymensclothesshop4.如果事物为如果事物为2人或人或2人以上共同所有，在最后一个名词后加人以上共同所有，在最后一个名词后加-s;珍妮和海伦的房间珍妮和海伦的房间JennyandHelensroomJennysandHelensrooms5.如果事物不是如果事物不是2人或人或2人共同所有，而是分别有的人共同所有，而是分别有的,则在则在2个名词个名词后都加后都加-s珍妮的房间和海伦的房间珍妮的房间和海伦的房间1.有生命的东西有生命的东西所有格用所有格用s 的形式的形式12第十二页，共26页。8.无生命的东西一般用无生命的东西一般用“of+名词名词(mngc)”的形式表示其所有格的形
14、式表示其所有格thedooroftheroomthewallofthepark6.有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体(tunt)的等无生的等无生命的东西，也可以加命的东西，也可以加-s构成所有格构成所有格2小时路程小时路程北京北京(bijn)最好最好的公园的公园今日报纸今日报纸车站休息室车站休息室twohourswalkBeijingsbestparktodaysnewspaperthestationswaiting-roomatmyuncles=atmyuncleshomeatatailors=atatailorsshop9.表示类别的名词作定语，不用所
15、有格表示类别的名词作定语，不用所有格asilkhatcottonclothacoffeecup7.表示某人的表示某人的家、店铺、诊所家、店铺、诊所时，常时，常省略省略所有格所有格后面的后面的名词名词13第十三页，共26页。myteachersofficestudentsexercisebooksChildrensPalacetodaysnewspaper15minuteswalk=a15-minutewalkatthebutchers=atthebutchersshoptoToms=toTomshouse1我老师我老师(losh)的办公室的办公室2学生们学生们的练习本的练习本3少年宫少年宫4今
16、天的报纸今天的报纸5十五分钟的路程十五分钟的路程6在肉店在肉店7到汤姆家去到汤姆家去名词名词(mngc)的所有格的所有格Practice14第十四页，共26页。8广东的省会广东的省会9教室的门教室的门10我父亲我父亲(fqn)的一个朋的一个朋友友11他的两个兄弟他的两个兄弟12爱迪生的一些发明爱迪生的一些发明13他弟弟的一张照片他弟弟的一张照片(照照片属于他弟弟片属于他弟弟)14他弟弟的一张照片他弟弟的一张照片(照照片里的人是他弟弟片里的人是他弟弟)thecapitalofGuangdongthedoorsoftheclassroomafriendofmyfather(s)twobrother
17、sofhissomeinventionsofEdisonsapictureofhisbrothersapictureofhisbrother15第十五页，共26页。主谓一致主谓一致(yzh)1.1.当当class,family,team,group,public class,family,team,group,public 等集体名词做主语时，等集体名词做主语时，如果看成如果看成(kn chn)(kn chn)一个整体，动词就用单数；看成一个整体，动词就用单数；看成(kn chn)(kn chn)一个个具体成员时，就用复数。一个个具体成员时，就用复数。e.g The class e.g The
18、 class areare waiting for her.waiting for her.Toms family _ rather big.Toms family _ rather big.Toms family _ are film fans Toms family _ are film fans.isare2.news,maths,politics 2.news,maths,politics 表示单数表示单数(dnsh)(dnsh)意义，动词用单数意义，动词用单数(dnsh)(dnsh)。e.g The news e.g The news makes makes her very hap
19、py.her very happy.Maths _ not easy for him.Maths _ not easy for him.is16第十六页，共26页。3.3.像像 chopsticks,shoes,glasses,chopsticks,shoes,glasses,trousers trousers等表示复数等表示复数(fsh)(fsh)含义的词，动词用复数含义的词，动词用复数(fsh)(fsh)。e.g The shoes e.g The shoes are are hers.hers.但是但是(dnsh):A pair of glasses _ on the table.(dn
20、sh):A pair of glasses _ on the table.Two pairs of glasses _ on the table.Two pairs of glasses _ on the table.isare4.police,people(4.police,people(人们人们),youth(),youth(青年们青年们)只有单数形式，只有单数形式，但表示但表示(biosh)(biosh)复数意义，动词用复数。复数意义，动词用复数。e.g The police e.g The police areare gathering in the street.gathering
21、in the street.The Chinese people _ peace.The Chinese people _ peace.love但是:people当“民族”，youth当“男青年”讲时，有单复数之分 e.g He e.g He is is a youth of 20.a youth of 20.Many English-speaking people Many English-speaking peoples s _ this book._ this book.like17第十七页，共26页。5.5.像像deerdeer、sheepsheep等单复同形的词，动词等单复同形的词，
22、动词(dngc)(dngc)单复根据单复根据 具体情况定具体情况定e.g A deer is over there in the field.e.g A deer is over there in the field.A group of deer _ over there in the field.A group of deer _ over there in the field.areare6.The poet and musician _ at the party.6.The poet and musician _ at the party.The singer and dancer _
23、 just arrived.The singer and dancer _ just arrived.The bread and the butter _ ready.The bread and the butter _ ready.Bread and butter _ her usual breakfast.Bread and butter _ her usual breakfast.涂了黄油涂了黄油(hungyu)(hungyu)的面包的面包 washasareis18第十八页，共26页。8.Both and 8.Both and 的谓语动词的谓语动词(dngc)(dngc)用复数形式。用
24、复数形式。e.g.Both he and his father _ there.e.g.Both he and his father _ there.were7.7.采取就近一致原则采取就近一致原则(yunz)(yunz)的句型结构：的句型结构：There be There be e.g.There _ a book and two apples on the desk.e.g.There _ a book and two apples on the desk.not onlybut alsonot onlybut also e.g Not only you but also he _ rig
25、ht.e.g Not only you but also he _ right.eitheror eitheror e.g Either he or I _ wrong.e.g Either he or I _ wrong.neithernor neithernor e.g Neither she nor I _ right.e.g Neither she nor I _ right.isisamam9.9.表示表示(biosh)(biosh)时间、距离时间、距离 、金额、度量、书名、国名等的、金额、度量、书名、国名等的10.10.复数名词，看作整体，动词用单数。复数名词，看作整体，动词用单数
26、。11.11.e.g Eight hours of sleep_ enough for you.e.g Eight hours of sleep_ enough for you.12.12.Ten dollars _ too much Ten dollars _ too much toto pay.pay.isis19第十九页，共26页。10.each+单数(dnsh)名词+and+each+单数(dnsh)名词 every+单数(dnsh)名词+and+every+单数(dnsh)名词 no+单数(dnsh)名词+and+no+单数(dnsh)名词 each of+each of+复数复数(
27、fsh)(fsh)名词名词 one of+one of+复数复数(fsh)(fsh)名词名词many a+many a+单数单数(dnsh)(dnsh)名词名词every /each+every /each+单数名词单数名词+and+and+单数名词单数名词 等结构做主语时，动词用单数。等结构做主语时，动词用单数。e.g.e.g.Each boy and each girl _ seen the film.Each boy and each girl _ seen the film.No teacher and no student No teacher and no student _ co
28、me yet._ come yet.Every knife,fork,and spoon _ to be bought.Every knife,fork,and spoon _ to be bought.Each of the students _ a dictionary.Each of the students _ a dictionary.hashashashas20第二十页，共26页。()1.Pleasegiveme_paper.A.oneB.apieceC.aD.apieceof()2.Thistableismadeof_.A.manyglassB.someglassesC.glas
29、sesD.glass()3.Billrunsfast.Hewonthe_800metreraceyesterday.AboysBboysCboyDboys.()4.Some_cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.A.GermansB.GermenC.GermanyD.Germanies()5.Inthepicturetherearemany_andtwo_.A.sheeps;foxesB.sheeps;foxesC.sheep;foxesD.sheep;foxs 选择选择(xunz)填空：填空：21第二十一页，共26页。()6.Thisisnotmycap,butmy
30、_.A.brothersB.brothersC.brothers D.brother()7.Theywritemostoftheir_inEnglish.A.businessletterB.businesslettersC.businesses D.businessesletters()8._are_forcuttingthings.A.Knife,usedB.Knives,usingC.Knife,usingD.Knives,used()9.Johnbought_forhimselfyesterday.A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoeC.twopairofsh
31、oesD.twopairsshoes()10.Excuseme,whereisthe_?A.mensroomB.mensroomC.mensroomsD.menrooms 22第二十二页，共26页。1.Several_aretalkingabouttheir_underthetree.Awoman;childrenBwoman;childCwomen;children2.Howfarisyourschoolfromhere？NotveryfarItsabouttwentywalk.（2000杭州）杭州）AminutesBminutesCminutes3.Therearethreeinmyfam
32、ily.(2004长长春春(chnchn)）A.people B.personC.child4.Moststudentscangotocollegeforfurtherinourcity.A.educationB.informationC.science5.Thisisbedroom.Thetwinsisterlikeitverymuch.A.AnnandJaneB.AnnandJanesC.AnnsandJanes23第二十三页，共26页。指点迷津指点迷津1.1.Ten years _(is,are)short time for me.Ten years _(is,are)short tim
33、e for me.2.2.A pair of shoes _(is,are)under the bed.A pair of shoes _(is,are)under the bed.3.3.The number of the students in our school _(is,are)The number of the students in our school _(is,are)2,000.2,000.4.4.The woman with two children _(is,are)coming The woman with two children _(is,are)coming h
34、ere.here.5.5.Neither he nor I _(are,am)an American.Neither he nor I _(are,am)an American.24第二十四页，共26页。指点迷津指点迷津6.Maths _(are,is)hard to learn for the boy.6.Maths _(are,is)hard to learn for the boy.7.They are all _(woman,teachers;7.They are all _(woman,teachers;women teachers).women teachers).8.The po
35、pulation of China _(are,is)over 8.The population of China _(are,is)over 1,300,000,000.1,300,000,000.9.There are many _(peoples,people)in the street in 9.There are many _(peoples,people)in the street in summer.summer.10.One of the students _(have,has)gone to Shanghai.10.One of the students _(have,has
36、)gone to Shanghai.25第二十五页，共26页。TheBrownsisgoingtovisitChina.()TheBrownsaregoingtovisitChina.()Theyoungisdancingthere.()Theyoungaredancingthere.()Physicsareverydifficulttolearn.()Physicsisverydifficulttolearn.()WehavefiveGermeninthismeeting.()WehavefiveGermansinthismeeting.()ThisisoneoftheEnglish-Chinesedictionary.()ThisisoneoftheEnglish-Chinesedictionaries.()26第二十六页，共26页。