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1、Lets Learn!1.英语中有那两种语态？英语中有那两种语态？主动语态和被动语态。主动语态和被动语态。2.2.主动语态表示什么？主动语态表示什么？主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。3.3.被动语态表示什么被动语态表示什么?被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。We speak English.例如例如:主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语主动语态主动语态English is spoken by us.被动语态被动语态主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语4.被动语态是怎样构成的？被动语态是怎样构成的？助动词助动词be+V-ed(动词的过去分词动词的过去分词)5.
2、什么情况使用被动态？什么情况使用被动态？1）强调或突出动作的承受者时，用被动语）强调或突出动作的承受者时，用被动语态，态，可带可带by短语短语。2）不知道）不知道 或没必要说出谁或没必要说出谁是动作的发出者时用被动语是动作的发出者时用被动语 态。态。3）为了使句）为了使句子简练，上下文的紧凑、连贯，常用被动语态子简练，上下文的紧凑、连贯，常用被动语态6.什么动词才有被动语态什么动词才有被动语态？及物及物 动词才有被动语态。被动语态的主语大动词才有被动语态。被动语态的主语大多数是物。多数是物。7.被动语态有几种形式？被动语态有几种形式？常有三种，但不同的时态有不同的形式常有三种，但不同的时态有不
3、同的形式 We speak English.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语English is spoken by us.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语口诀口诀：宾提前变主，主变介by宾，谓变be加done,时态看主动时态看主动。主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态 一、主动变被动的解题步骤一、主动变被动的解题步骤:1.找宾语找宾语-即动作的承受者即动作的承受者They make shoes in that factory.Shoes2.判断宾语的单复数判断宾语的单复数-即即be动词的单复数动词的单复数.arewere3.判断动词的时态判断动词的时态-即即be动词的时态动词的时态.4.修改谓语的时态修改谓语的
4、时态-即原句动词改为过去分词即原句动词改为过去分词 made5.修改原句的主语修改原句的主语-即即by+主语（主格变宾格）主语（主格变宾格）by themin that factory.1.They make shoes in that factory.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语 一般现在时：一般现在时：S(主语）主语）+am/is/are +过去分词过去分词 二、常见时态变为被动语态的演练二、常见时态变为被动语态的演练Shoes are made (by them)in that factory.They play football on Sunday.Lucy does the
5、homework in the evening.They often use computers in class.We make these machines in Beijing.Football is played by them on Sunday.The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.Computers are often used by them in class.These machines are made in Beijing.Exercises:Turn them into the passive voice2.They b
6、ought ten computers last term S+was/were+过去分词过去分词Ten computers were bought (by them)last term.一般过去时：一般过去时：They built the tall buildings last year.He took good care of his little brother yesterday.They used this room for resting.The tall buildings were built by them last year.His little brother was t
7、aken good care of by him yesterday.This room was used for resting by them.Exercises:Turn them into the passive voice3.They will finish the work in ten days.(by them)in ten days.一般将来时：一般将来时：S+will/shall+be+过去分词过去分词The work will be finishedWe will have a sports meeting next week.Children will take som
8、e photos in the school tomorrow.The headmaster will give a talk this afternoon.A sports meeting will be had by us next week.Some photos will be taken by children in the school tomorrow.A talk will be given by the headmaster this afternoon.Exercises:Turn them into the passive voice4.Some workers are
9、painting the rooms now by some workers now.S+am/is/are+being+过去分词过去分词现在进行时：现在进行时：The roomsare being paintedThe radio is broadcasting English lessons.English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio.We are painting the room.The room is being painted by us.Exercises:Turn them into the passive voice5
10、.We have made twenty more keysby us.现在完成时：现在完成时：S+have/has+been+过去分词过去分词Twenty more keys have been madeSomeone has told me the sports meeting might be put off.I have been told the sports meeting might be put off.We have brought down the price.The price has been brought down by us.Exercises:Turn them
11、 into the passive voice6.Amy can take good care of Tina by Amy.含有情态动词的句子：含有情态动词的句子：S+情态动词情态动词(must/have to)+be+doneTina can be taken good care ofLucy may draw the pictures.You must turn off the lights.They should learn English well.The picture may be drawn by Lucy.The lights must be turned off by yo
12、u.English should be learned well by them.Exercises:Turn them into the passive voice一般现在时：一般现在时：am/is/are done一般过去时：一般过去时：was/were done现在进行时：现在进行时：am/is/are being done过去进行时：过去进行时：was/were being done现在完成时：现在完成时：have/has been done过去完成时：过去完成时：had been done一般将来时：一般将来时：shall/will be done;be going to be do
13、ne含有情态动词的句子含有情态动词的句子：情态动词（情态动词（can/may/must/have to/）+be done动词不定式的动词不定式的被动语态：被动语态：to be done被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化，被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化，被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化，被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化，主要体现在主要体现在助动助动词词be的变化上，其形式与系动词的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全的变化形式完全一样。列表如下：一样。列表如下：三、三、被动语态时态、人称和数的变化被动语态时态、人称和数的变化1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动
14、词的时态要的时态要与原句时态保持一致与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词，其谓语动词的数要的数要与新主语保持一致与新主语保持一致。We have bought a new computer.A new computer has been bought.A new computer have been bought.例如：例如：(正确正确)(错误错误)2.含有含有双宾语双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变变间接宾语间接宾语为主语时比较多。为主语时比较多。当把当把直接宾语直接宾语改改成主语时，谓语
15、动词后必须加适当的介词。这成主语时，谓语动词后必须加适当的介词。这与与动词和介词的搭配关系动词和介词的搭配关系有关。有关。保留宾语保留宾语保留宾语保留宾语在间接宾语在间接宾语前加介词前加介词to.=I was given a present on my birthday.=A present was given to me yesterday.Mother made me a new skirt.在间接宾语前加介词在间接宾语前加介词for.=A new skirt was made for me.=I was made a new skirt by mother.保留宾语保留宾语保留宾语保留宾
16、语My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.例如：例如：Bob sent Kate a letter last year.=Kate was send a letter by Bob last year.=A letter was sent to Kate by Bob last year.He told Jim a story.=A story was told to Jim by him.此类动词有：此类动词有：tell ask bring write sentgive teach pass lend sellsend sb sth=send st
17、h to sbtold sb.sth.=told sth to sb=Jim was told a story by him.make cut find keepbuy cook draw play singI bought my brother a book.=The meal was cooked for us.=Some country music was played for us.=A book was bought for my brother.=My brother was bought a book by me.They cooked us the meal.They play
18、ed us some country music.此类动词有：此类动词有：buy sb sth=buy sth for sbcook sth for sb.play sth for sb.3.由由动动词词+介介词词或或副副词词构构成成的的短短语语动动词词,要要把把它它们们作作为为整整体体看看,即即把把它它们们看看成成一一个个及物动词，及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。We must speak to old people politely.=Old people must be spoken to politely.例如：例如：约翰打开了收音机。约翰打开了收音机。Jo
19、hn turned on the radio.奶奶照看我姐姐。奶奶照看我姐姐。Grandma takes care of my sister.My sister is taken care of by Grandma.注：千万不要遗漏介词或副词。注：千万不要遗漏介词或副词。中译英：中译英：The radio was turned on by John.4.带复合宾语的被动语态结构。带复合宾语的被动语态结构。带带复复合合宾宾语语(宾宾语语+宾宾补补)的的动动词词改改为为被被动动语语态态时时，一一般般把把主主动动结结构构中中的的宾宾语语改改为为主主语语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。而宾语补足语
20、保留在谓语动词后面。We always keep the classroom clean.The classroom is always kept clean.She told us to follow her instructions.We were told to follow her instructions.例如：例如：注意注意1：在在see,watch,hear,notice,listen to,look at,make,feel等等感官动词和使役感官动词和使役动词动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带带 to，但改成被动语态后都带但改成被动语态后都带to
21、.We often hear him play the guitar.例如例如：hear sb.do sth.sb.be heard to do sth.He is often heard to play the guitar.4.带复合宾语的被动语态结构。带复合宾语的被动语态结构。Mr.Green made Jim do his homework at home.Jim was made to do his homework by Mr.Green at home.I saw him playing football at that moment.He was seen playing fo
22、otball at that moment.make sb.do sth.see sb.doing sth.sb.be made to do sth.使役动词使役动词:let have make 感官动词感官动词:hear see notice watch sb.be seen doing sth.此类动词有此类动词有:注意注意2：带有复合宾语的句子，如果宾语带有复合宾语的句子，如果宾语补足语是名词，变被动句时，应将宾语补足语是名词，变被动句时，应将宾语变为主语，变为主语，不要误把作宾语补足语的名不要误把作宾语补足语的名词当主语用。词当主语用。Tomatoes were first taken
23、 back to Europe and people called them love apples.Love apples were called them.They were called love apples.例如：例如：(正确正确)(错误错误)4.带复合宾语的被动语态结构。带复合宾语的被动语态结构。We often hear them sing this song.They are often heard to sing this song(by us).This song is often heard(by us)to be sung(by them).5.5.在汉语中，有一类句子
24、不出现主语，在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示。在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示。例如例如：It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.They said that he would come back soon.=It was said that he would come back soon.It is said that 据说据说It is reported that 据报导据报导It
25、 is supposed that 据推测据推测It is hoped that 希望希望It is well known that 众所周知众所周知It is generally considered that 普遍认为普遍认为It is suggested that 有人建议有人建议此类还有：此类还有：1).不及物动词没有被动语态。不及物动词没有被动语态。如：如：happen,take place,belong to,last,come true,succeed,fall,die,arrive,等。等。Great changes have taken place in this city.
26、That bike doesnt belong to Mike.例如：例如：2)表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态如：如：have /fitI have a TV set.The coat fits me well.【正正】Look at the blackboard，please【误误】The blackboard is looked at by you 3）祈使句一般没有被动语态。）祈使句一般没有被动语态。4.系动词没有被动态和进行时态系动词没有被动态和进行时态这鱼这鱼味道很好。味道很好。这条这条围巾摸上去很软。围巾摸上去很软。The fish tastes go
27、od.The scarf feels soft.5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态【正正】You must look after yourself【误误】Yourself must be looked after 6.某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。The material feels soft.His words sounded reasonable.The butterfly looks beautiful.How sweet the music sounds!Good medicine tastes
28、 bitter to the mouth.1）感官动词感官动词(taste;feel;smell;sound;look)用主动形式表示被动。用主动形式表示被动。例如例如：6.某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。The door will not open.(这扇门就是打不开。这扇门就是打不开。)This dress washes better.(这衣服较好洗。这衣服较好洗。)The sign reads as follows.(这牌子告示如下。这牌子告示如下。)The book sells well.(这本书销路很好。这本书销路很好。)The book
29、is sold out.（这书卖完了。）（这书卖完了。）2）write、read、sell、keep、number、drink、wear、pay、wash、open用主动形式表被动意义。用主动形式表被动意义。尤其是有副词尤其是有副词 well,easily时。时。例如：例如：对比：对比：3）need,demand,want(需要需要),require,be worth等后用等后用动名词表被动名词表被动。动。6.某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。The house wants repairing。The film is worth seeing.The
30、desk needs repairing.=The desk needs to be repaired.例如：例如：Exercises:1.Change the following sentences into the Passive Voice 1.They make TV sets in that factory.2.Northwest China grows the best cotton.3.They use this room for playing Ping pong.4.Bell invented the telephone in 1876.TV sets are made(by
31、 them)in that factory.The best cotton is grown in Northwest China.This room is used for playing Ping pong(by them).The telephone was invented by Bell in 1876.5.The manager made them work 10 hours a day.6.China has sent up man-made satellites into space7.You should water trees often.8.You must not pl
32、ant trees in very dry earth.They were made to work 10 hours a day by the manager.Man-made satellites have been sent up into space in China.Trees should be watered often.Trees must not be planted in very dry earth.10.They are serving breakfast between six and nine oclock.Breakfast is being served bet
33、ween six and nine oclock.9.Do people speak English in your country?Is English spoken in your country?11.Someone had set fire to the house.Fire had been set to the house by someone.The house had been set fire to by someone.2.Fill in the blanks with right tenses and voices:1.Large numbers of plastic b
34、ags _(use)in the supermarkets every day.2._ our country _(send)up another man-made satellite last year?3.Must the old people _(speak)to politely?4.Her grandma was still alive when she _(take)to the hospital.5.English _(speak)in many counties,but the Chinese _(speak)their own language.6.Three quarter
35、s of the worlds books_(write)in English.7.This kind of sweater _(sell)well.8._ Lesson 50 _(teach)next week?are usedDidsentbe spokenwas takenis spokenspeakare writtensellsWillbe taught3.Fill in the blanks:Paper(invent)_ in AD.105 by CaiLun in China.It is an important part of our everyday lives,but fe
36、w people ever think about how it(make)_.Today most paper comes from trees.However,with the concern for the environment(考虑到环境考虑到环境),more and more paper(produce)_from recycled paper products.Since paper products are of different qualities,they first(sort分类分类)_ before they(recycle)_.The sorted material
37、(put)_ into a huge machine.was invented is made is produced are sorted are recycled is put1.The river smells terrible.People must _ dirty things into it.(南京市中考题）南京市中考题）A be stopped to throw B be stopped from throwing C stop to throw D stop from throwing 2.This book _ often _from the library.(北京市中北京市
38、中考题）考题）A arent;take away B taken awayC isnt;taken away D be taken away3.He _ _(tell)to return his books to the library yesterday.(黄冈市中考题）黄冈市中考题）was toldBC4.各地中考题型各地中考题型4.The new library building _ last week.(09.广州广州)A.was completed B.is completed C.completed D.has completed5.-David,turn off the TV_
39、no one is watching it.-But it _ off already!The music is from the radio.(09,深圳深圳)A.so that;has been turned B.when;has turnedC.If;has been turned D.because;has turned6.Its a rule in our school that the classroom_ every day.(09，河源），河源）should clean B.should cleaned C.should be cleaned C.should be clean
40、ing ACC7.Another man-made satellite was sent up into space by them last week.(变主动语态变主动语态)_ _ _another man-made satellite into space last week.(济南市中考题）济南市中考题）8.People there planted many trees last year.Trees _ _ by people there last year.(青岛市中考题）青岛市中考题）9.They grow vegetables on the farm.The vegetable
41、s _ _on the farm（上（上海市中考题）海市中考题）TThey sent upwere planted are grown看图，写一篇以看图，写一篇以How to Plant a Tree?How to Plant a Tree?为题目的为题目的短文，要求内容齐全，上下文连贯短文，要求内容齐全，上下文连贯,展开合理想展开合理想象。词数：象。词数：60608080。（尽可能的使用被动语态）。（尽可能的使用被动语态）Trees must be planted.Do you remember how to plant trees?1.A hole should be dug large
42、enough.2.A long,strong stick should be knocked into theearth in the hole.3.The tree should be put in the hole next to the stick.4.The earth should be put back in the hole again.Itshould be pushed down hard.5.The tree should be tied to the top of the stick.6.The tree should be watered well.Finish the exercises in 中考宝典中考宝典