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1、Macrophages from patients with atopic dermatitis show a reduced CXCL10 expression in response to staphylococcal a-toxin.1CONTENTSCONTENTSIntroductionResultsMaterials and MethodsDiscussion2Introductionkeywordspresent studypurposebackground3Keywordsatopic dermatitis;(特应性皮炎)chemokines;（趋化因子）human macro
2、phages;（人巨噬细胞）IP-10/CXCL10;MDC/CCL22;psoriasis;（牛皮癣；银屑病）Staphylococcus aureus;（金黄色葡萄球菌）-toxin.（-毒素）4Background:Patients with atopic dermatitis(AD)and psoriasis are frequently colonized with Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus).one-third of them producing-toxin,which is cor-related with the severity of ec
3、zema in AD.Distinct expression of chemokine(C-C motif)ligand(配体CCL)and chemokine(C-X-C motif)ligand(配体CXCL)chemokines has been documented in both diseases.the effects of a-toxin on human macrophages in patients with AD and psoriasis?5Present studyRecent studies demonstrated that infiltration of infl
4、ammatory cells into tissues is regulated by chemokines.Two main subfamilies,recently renamed chemokine(C-C motif)ligand(CCL)and chemokine(C-X-C motif)ligand(CXCL)chemo-kines,have been distinguished.Several studies have suggested a crucial involvement of CCL chemokines in inflammation.Chemokines and
5、their receptors are implicated in the development of symptoms of AD and psoriasis.CXCL10 plays a role in pathogenesis of psoriasis.6PurposeThe effects of-toxin on human macrophages still remain unclear.We show here for the first time that -toxin induces the Th1-related chemokine CXCL10 in human macr
6、ophages.we studied the effects of-toxin on Th1-and Th2-related chemokines in macrophages from patients with AD and psoriasis where the intrinsic abnormal and different chemokines production profile is well defined.7Materials and MethodsMaterials and MethodsPatientsPatientsCell isolation and cultureS
7、tatistical analysisCytokine assessment by ELISAWestern blot8Methodsmacrophage-derived chemokine(MDC)/CCL22 Cell surface markers expression and chemotaxis IFN-c-induced protein of 10-kDa(IP-10)/CXCL10qRTPCR or ELISA flow cytometry Boyden chamber technique9Patients healthy donors and patients with AD
8、or psoriasis Cell isolation and culturePeripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)were isolated by Lymphoprep density-gradient centrifugation from healthy donors and from patients with AD and psoriasisChemotaxis assay The chemotactic activity of supernatants from a-toxin stimulated macrophages on lymp
9、hocytes(CD4+T cells)was determined using a Boyden chamber technique 10Western blot macrophages were prestimulated with a-toxin(100 ng/ml),IFN-c(10 ng/ml),TNF-a(10 ng/ml)or LPS.Cell extracts were subjected to Western blot analysis Cytokine assessment by ELISACell-free culture supernatants were harves
10、ted and analysed for CXCL10 or CCL22,using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)system.11ResultsResultsOneOne Induction of IP-10/CXCL10 by staphylococcal a-toxin in human macrophagesThreeThreeLow effect of a-toxin on CXCL10 induction(Th1-related chemokine)in macrophages f
11、rom patients with ADTwoTwo a-Toxin-stimulated macrophages could induce the migration of human CD4+T cells via CXCR3FourFour Effect of a-toxin on MDC production(Th2-related chemokine)in macrophages from patients with chronic inflammatory skin diseases12Induction of IP-10/CXCL10 by Induction of IP-10/
12、CXCL10 by staphylococcal a-toxin in human staphylococcal a-toxin in human macrophagesmacrophagesMicroarray analysis revealed that CXCL10 was the most strongly up-regulated gene in macrophages.An increased expression was not observed for other chemokines.The mean ratio for all these chemokines was be
13、tween 0.2 and 2 when comparing not stimulated with a-toxin-stimulated macrophages.13 Figure 1 Induction of chemokine(C-X-C motif)ligand(CXCL)10 following a-toxin stimulation in human macrophages at the mRNA level.Figure 2 Induction of chemokine(C-X-C motif)ligand(CXCL)10 following a-toxin stimulatio
14、n in human macrophages at the protein level.14 Figure 3 Punch biopsies(3 mm)from healthy individuals were left either unstimulated(A)or stimulated with a-toxin(100 ng/ml)(B)or IFN-c(100 ng/ml)(C)for 24 h at 37C.5-lm paraffin sections were stained for CXCL10 along with appropriate isotype as well as
15、CD68.15 a-Toxin-stimulated macrophages could a-Toxin-stimulated macrophages could induce the migration of human CD4+T induce the migration of human CD4+T cells via CXCR3cells via CXCR3Both inhibitors(anti-IP-10 antibody&anti-CXCR3 antibody)abrogated the migration induced by a-toxin-treated macrophag
16、e supernatants.a-Toxin in cell culture medium without macrophages did not directly induce the migration of human CD4+lymphocytes.16 Figure 4 Chemotactic activity of a-toxin-stimulated macrophages and inhibition of chemokine(C-X-C motif)ligand(CXCL)10-induced chemotaxis using a neutralizing anti-CXCL
17、10 or anti-CXCR3 Ab.17Low effect of a-toxin on CXCL10 Low effect of a-toxin on CXCL10 induction(Th1-related chemokine)in induction(Th1-related chemokine)in macrophages from patients with ADmacrophages from patients with AD a-toxin induced significantly lower levels of CXCL10 expression or secretion
18、in patients with AD compared with healthy controls as well as psoriasis at all time points and doses tested.18 Figure 5 Macrophages from patients with atopic dermatitis(AD)and psoriasis(PSO)as well as from healthy controls(HC)were left either unstimulated(medium control)or stimulated with a-toxin as
19、 indicated or with IFN-c(10 ng/ml)or TNF-a(20 ng/ml),respectively,for the indicated periods of time.19 Effect of a-toxin on MDC production Effect of a-toxin on MDC production(Th2-related chemokine)in(Th2-related chemokine)in macrophages from patients with chronic macrophages from patients with chronic infammatory skin diseasesinfammatory skin diseasesMacrophages from patients with AD as well as patients with psoriasis showed an intrinsically higher CCL22 production compared to healthy controls by trend.On the whole,a-toxin did not regulate CCL22 secretion.20Thank you21