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1、组织行为学（Organizational Behavior） 本局部词汇包括以下内容： 1、个体心理与行为 2、人际关系与群体行为 3、领导行为与领导理论 4、鼓励理论 5、组织行为理论 6、组织变革与开展affiliated manager关系型管理者affiliation need归属需要action research行为研究action skill行为技巧action training行为培训action learning行为教育activity analysis行为分析activity chart行为图activity learning行为教育activity teaching行为培训
2、attainment test成就性测验attitude scales态度等级authoritarian theory权威领导理论autocratic control专利控制autonomous work group独立工作小组abnormal behavior变态行为behavior contrast行为差异behavior objective行为目标bargaining range谈判范围behaviorism行为主义behavior criterion行为标准behavior determinant关键行为behavior dynamic行为驱动力behavior extrinsic外显
3、行为behavior field行为范围behavior genetics行为遗传学behavior intrinsic内在行为behavior method行为方法behavior molar行为束behavior object行为分子behavior overt行为目标behavior pattern公开行为behavior rating行为模式behavior repertoires行为情节behavior sampling行为抽样behavior segment行为成分behavior shaping行为塑造behavior space行为空间behavior spontaneous自
4、然行为behavior stream行为流behavior therapy行为疗法behavior verbal语言行为behavior disorders行为紊乱collective bargaining集体谈判conformer服从者consultative management咨询型管理dissatisfeters不满意因素expectancy theory期望理论expectancy chart期望图group dynamic集体驱动力group incentive集体鼓励group problem-solving集体商议group decision-making集体决策Hezzber
5、gs theory赫茨伯格的双因素理论hygiene保健因素integrated manager整合型管理者individual psychology个体心理学individual response个体反响individual test个别测验individuality graphic笔迹个性indifferent stimulus差异性刺激ink plot test墨迹测验job spoiler破坏工作者maintenance factor保健因素Maslows theory of needs马斯洛需求理论motivator鼓励因素role conflict角色冲突role percepti
6、on角色知觉satisfiers满意因素 shared value共同价值观support leadship支持型领导sub-culture亚文化task-based participation工作参与Aability能力absenteeism旷工、缺勤acceptance theory of authority 权威接受论accommodating肯通融的achievement motivation成就动机achievement need成就需要achievement/power theory成就/权力理论action research行为研究affective component of a
7、n attitude态度的情感成分affiliation need亲和需要alarm stage恐慌阶段alienation离异allocative values分配价值arbitrator仲裁者assertive communication style果断的沟通风格assessment center评价中心attitude态度attitude survey态度调查attribution归因attribution theory of leadership领导的归因理论attributional bias归因偏见attributional model归因模型authority 权威、权力auto
8、cratic model专制型autonomy自主权avoiding回避Bbehavior modeling行为模型behavior modification行为校正behavioral bias行为偏差behavioral component of an attitude态度的行为成分behavior theories of leadership领导的行为理论behaviorally anchored rating scales行为定位评定量表benevolent autocrat仁慈的专制者bias-free organization无偏见组织bias-reduction training
9、降低偏见训练biofeedback生物反响biographical characteristics生物特征board representatives董事会代表body language体态语言boundary roles边界角色boundary spanners跨边界者boundaryless organization无边界组织brainstorming头脑风暴法；脑力激荡bureaucracy科层结构burnout身心崩溃bystander effect旁观者效应Ccafeteria benefits自助餐式福利career职业career anchors职业定位career stage职业
10、阶段career success职业成功centralization集权chain of command指挥链chain-reaction effect连锁反响效应change变革change agent变革代理人channel渠道channel richness渠道丰富化charisma领导魅力；领导者的超凡魅力charismatic leadership具有超凡魅力的领导者chief executive officer（CEO）首席执行官classical conditioning经典条件反射cliques小集团closed-end questions封闭式问题cluster chain群
11、族链clusters群族coalitions联合体coercive power强制权codetermination共同决定cognitive component of an attitude态度的认知成分cognitive conflict认知冲突cognitive decision style model认知决策方式模型cognitive dissonance认知不协调；认知失调cognitive evaluation theory认知评价理论cognitive resource theory认知资源理论cognitive theories of motivation鼓励的认知理论cohes
12、iveness内聚力；凝聚力collaborating合作collectivism集体主义collegial model学院模型command group指挥小组；命令群体committee委员会communication沟通communication climate沟通气氛communication loop沟通环communication media沟通媒介communication overload沟通超负荷communication process沟通过程communication networks沟通网络comparable worth比拟价值competence技能compleme
13、ntary transaction互补的行为交易complete pay program完整的报酬方案compromising妥协conceptual skills概念分析技能conciliator调停者conflict冲突conflict management冲突管理conflict process冲突过程conflict reaction style冲突反响方式conflict resolution冲突的解决conflict stage冲突阶段conformity从众consideration体贴constraint抑制力；限制consultant as negotiator作为谈判者的参
14、谋consultative management参谋管理content theories of motivation鼓励的内容理论contingency approach to O.B组织行为学的权变趋向；思路contingency model of leadership领导的权变模型contingency organizational design权变的组织设计contrast effects比照效应controlling控制cooptation合并；吞并core dimensions of jobs工作的核心纬度core values核心价值观corrective discipline修正
15、性惩罚cost-benefit analysis本钱收益分析cost-minimization strategy本钱削减战略cost-reward comparison本钱报酬比拟counseling咨询credibility gap信度差距critical incidents关键事件cross-communication交叉沟通cross-cultural communication跨文化沟通cross-function teams跨部门团队crossed transaction交叉交流cultural distance文化差异cultural diversity文化多样性cultural
16、empathy文化移入cultural separatism文化隔离主义cultural shook文化冲击culture文化custodial m管理模型Ddecentralization分权decisions决策decoding译码；解码defensive behaviors自卫行为deferred judgement延迟的判断delegating style授权方式delegation授权dephi group德尔菲小组dephi technique德尔菲法demands需要departmentalism部门化dependency附属；依赖dependent variables因变量de
17、velopment level开展水平development-oriented leader以开展为导向的领导dialectic decision method辨证的决策方法dictionary technique字典式方法directive counseling指导性咨询discharge解雇；释放discipline惩罚；训导discrimination歧视distinctive competencies区别性技能distributive bargaining分配谈判distributive justice分配公平dominant culture主流文化double-loop learni
18、ng双环学习downward communication下行沟通downward feedback下行反响dual-career couples双职工夫妇driving forces推动力dysfunctional conflict功能失常性冲突Eencoding编码encounter group 交朋友小组encounter stage正视阶段enriched sociotechnical work system 丰富化的社会技术工作环境environment环境Equal Employment Opportunity（EEO）平等工作时机Equal Employment Opportuni
19、ty Commission（EEOC） 平等工作时机委员会equal employment opportunity laws平等工作时机法equity sensitivity公平敏感性equity theory公平理论ERG theory ERG理论esteem needs尊重需要ethical dilemma道德困境ethical imperative道德标准ethical leadership道德领导ethnocentrism种族中心主义exchange theory交换理论exhaustion stage疲惫阶段existence needs生存需要expectancy期望expert
20、manager期望理论expert power专家管理者external locus of control专家权力externals外控者Fface-to-face communication面对面的沟通family-friendly organizations家庭式友好组织feedback反响feedback loop反响环feedback-seeking behavior寻求反响行为Fiedler contingency model费德勒权变模型filtering过滤first-order change第一层次变革fixed-interval reinforcement固定间隔强化fixe
21、d-ratio reinforcement固定比率强化formal group正式群体formal network正式网络formalization 正规化formalization stage正规化阶段forming形成four-step decision-making process四步决策过程friendship group友谊群体frustration挫折full-disclosure information systems完全开放的信息系统functional action功能性行为functional conflict功能性冲突functionally illiterate半文盲f
22、undamental attribution error根本的归因错误Ggainshareing收益分享gainshareing plan收益分享方案garbage can model垃圾箱模型gender-biased attribution性别偏见归因genetic testing遗传测试geocentric organization全球性组织goal目标goal displacement改变目标goal setting目标设置goal-setting theory目标设置理论goals of organizational behavior组织行为的目标Good Enough Theory
23、 of Promotion晋升的足够好理论graphic rating scales图表评价量表grid OD组织开展方格图group群体group decision support system群体决策支持系统group demography群体人口统计group dynamics群体动力group order ranking群体排序groupthink群体思维growth need成长需要growth phase成长阶段Hhalo effect晕轮效应hawthorne effect霍桑效应hierarchy of needs theory需要层次理论High Involvement Or
24、ganizations（HIOs）高参与组织higher-order needs高层次需要homeostasis自动平衡honesty tests老实测验horizontal cliques水平团体horizontal conflict水平冲突horizontal distribution of authority权利的水平分配hot-stove rule热炉规那么human relations人际关系human relations view of conflict冲突的人际关系观点human skills人际技能humanistic values人本主义价值观hygiene factors保
25、健因素Iillegitimate political behavior非法的政治行为imitation strategy模拟战略implicit favorite model隐含、内隐偏好模型implicit personality theory人格理论impression management印象管理incentives刺激；诱因independent variables自变量individual differences个体差异individual ranking个体排序法individualism个人主义individualization使具个人特色；个体化industrial psych
26、ology工业心理学industrial subculture工业亚文化informal group非正式群体informal leaders非正式领导informal network非正式网络informal organization非正式组织information-based power信息权information technology信息技术innovation创新；革新institutional power制度化权利institutional team制度化团队institutionalization制度化instrumental values工具性价值观integrative bar
27、gaining综合谈判Integrative Decision Method（IDM） 综合决策法integrity正直intellectual ability智能interaction相互作用interacting groups相互作用群体interactionist view of conflict冲突的相互作用观点interest group利益群体intergroup conflict群体间冲突intergroup development群体间开展intermittent reinforcement间断强化internal locus of control内部控制点internals内
28、控者interorganizational conflict组织间冲突interpersonal conflict个人间冲突intersender role conflict发送者之间的角色冲突intragroup conflict群体内冲突intramanagement communication管理集团内沟通intraorganizational conflict组织内冲突intrapersonal conflict个人内部冲突intuitive decision making直觉决策isolates离异者Llabor union工会laboratory training实验室培训lais
29、sez-faire leadership放任自流的领导latent conflict潜在冲突lateral communication横向沟通law of diminishing returns边际效益递减规律law of effect效果律Leadership Effectiveness And Description（LEAD）领导有效性与说明Leader-Member exchange（LME） theory领导员工交流理论leader-member relations领导员工关系leader-participation model领导参与模型leader-position power领
30、导的职位权力leadership领导leadership style领导方式leading领导learning学习learning organization学习组织learning theory学习理论Least-Preferred Co-worker（LPC） questionnaire最难共事者问卷legitimate political合法的政治行为legitimate power合法权利leniency error宽松错误leveling effect水平效应liaisons联络者linking pin连接点locus of control控制点loose rate标准宽松lower-
31、order needs低层次需要MMachiavellianism马基雅维里主义Management By Objectives（MBO）目标管理Management By Walking Around（MBWA）走动式管理managerial grid管理方格图managerial philosophies管理哲学managers管理者；经理manifest conflict显性冲突matrix organization矩阵组织matrix structure矩阵结构Meclellands theory of needs麦克利兰的需求理论mechanistic model机械模型mechan
32、istic organizations机械组织meditation调停mediator调停者mentor指导者message信息metamorphosis stage质变阶段middle management communication中层管理委员会models of organizational behavior组织行为模型morale士气；精神Motivating Potential Score（MPS）鼓励的潜在分数motivation鼓励；动机motivation-hygiene theory鼓励保健理论Motivation/Results（M/R） model鼓励/成果模型motiv
33、ational factors鼓励因素motivational patterns鼓励类型multinational corporations跨文化管理矩阵multiple choice多项选择multiple management多层管理multiprofessional employees多专业员工mutual interest互利Nnatural work team自然工作组need需要needs theories需求理论negative leadership消极领导negative performance attribution消极绩效归因negative reinforcement负强
34、化neglect无视；疏忽negotiation谈判；协商network网络neurotic organization机能不健全组织neurotic personalities不健全人格nominal group名义群体Nominal Group Technique（NGT）名义群体法nondirective counseling非指导性咨询nonverbal communication非言语沟通norm常规；标准；定额；平均数norming标准化norms of reciprocity交流规那么objective career success客观的职业成功ombudsperson信息搜集员o
35、ne-way communication单向沟通open-end questions开放式问题open self开放的自我open system开放系统openness开放operant conditioning操作性条件反射optimizing model最优化模型organic organizations有机组织organization组织organizational environment model组织/环境模型Organizational Behavior（OB）组织行为Organizational Behavior Modification（OB Mod）组织行为校正organiz
36、ation-based influence组织影响力organizational culture组织文化organizational citizens组织公民organizational design组织设计organizational development组织开展organizational entry组织进入Organizational Fairness Questionnaire组织公平性调查问卷organizational learning curve for change组织变革的学习曲线organizational politics组织政治organizational socia
37、lization组织社会化organizational structure组织结构organizational life cycle组织生命周期organizing组织overparticipation过度参与overt behavior公开行为Ppaired comparison成比照拟法paper-and-pencil tests纸笔测验participation参与participative counseling参与式咨询participative leader参与式领导者participative management参与式管理path-goal theory途径目标理论perceiv
38、ed conflict可觉察的冲突perceived control可觉察的控制perception知觉perceptual biases知觉偏见perceptual error知觉错误performance appraisal绩效评估performance feedback绩效反响performance monitoring绩效监控performance-outcome expectancies绩效产出期望performance-satisfaction-effort loop绩效满意努力环performing运作personal-based influence个人影响力personal p
39、ower个人权力personality个性；人格personality-job fit theory个性工作适应论personality traits人格特质philosophy of O.B.组织行为的哲学physical ability体能physical withdrawal身体退缩piece rate计件工价piece-rate pay plans计件工资方案piecework system计件工作系统planned change有方案的变革polarization两极分化political behavior政治行为political power政治权利politics政治polygr
40、aph测谎器positive leadership积极的领导positive reinforcement正强化position power职位权力power权力power distance 权力距离power need权力需要power tactics权力策略prearrival stage提前进入阶段prejudice偏见；成见preventive discipline预防措施problem-solving teams问题解决小组procedural justice程序公正性procedure程序process consultation过程咨询process value analysis过程
41、价值分析production-oriented leader以生产导向的领导productivity生产力profit-sharing plan利润分享方案projection投射protected group被保护群体protege被保护者psychological career success心理的职业成功psychological costs心理本钱；精神本钱psychological contract心理契约psychological distance心理距离psychological reactions心理反响psychological stress evaluator心理压力测量器
42、psychological support心理支持psychological withdrawal心理退缩punishment power惩罚权Punctuated-Equilibrium model间断平衡模型Qquality circles质量环qualify of life生活质量Qualify of Work Life（QWL）工作生活质量qualify of work performance工作绩效质量quantity of life生活数量Rrandom cliques随机团体rationality合理化reactive反响的realistic job previews实际的工作预
43、演reference group参照群体reciprocal interdependence互惠的相互依赖reengineering再造工程；重整refreezing重新冻结referent power参照权 reinforcement强化reinforcement theory强化理论reinforcement schedule强化程序relatedness need相互关系需要reliability信度research研究；调查resistance to change变革阻力restraining force抑制力retraining再培训reverse cultural shock反向的
44、文化冲击reward power奖励权rights of privacy隐私权risky shift冒险的转变rituals惯例robotics机器人学role角色role ambiguity角色不清role conflict角色冲突role expectations角色期望role identity角色一致role models角色模型role playing角色扮演role pressure角色压力role set角色群role perceptions角色知觉role overload角色超荷Sscalar process分级过程scanlon plan史甘农方案second-order
45、change第二层次的变革selective perception选择性知觉self-actualization自我实现self-appraisal自我评估self-censorship自我调查self-efficacy自我效能self-esteem自尊self-fulfilling prophecy自我实现预言self-leadership自我领导self-managing teams自我管理小组self-monitoring自我监控self-perception theory自我知觉理论self-serving bias利己偏见semantic barriers语义障碍semantics语义学sensitivity training敏感性训练sensor-type personality传感器型个性sequent