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1、Units 12相(以词语辨练习1. hard, hardlyhard与hardly这两个副词形式上很接近，但意义上相差甚远。hard可用作 形容词或副词。用作形容词时意为“困难的，硬的，勤奋的，严厉的，苛刻的”; 用作副词时，意为“努力地，猛烈地，剧烈地”。hardly是副词，意为“简直不能”， 多和can连用，接近almost not；也可表示几乎没有”的意思，常和any连用, 接近 almost nOoa. Steel is than wood.b. He can write a letter in English.c. Tom is a student.d. It was rainin
2、g at that time.e. Theres any paper left.答案:a. harder b. hardly c. hard d. hard e. hardly。2. no, notn。可用作形容词，也可用作副词。not只可用作副词。n。用作形容词，可 直接置于名词前面。no后面的名词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式，但有时应 依实际情况而定。如果名词前已有a, the, his, much, any等词时,那么应该在这 些词前面用not。a. I have much time.b. There are classes this afternoon.=There are not a
3、ny classes thisafternoon.c. There is tea in the cup.=There is not any tea in the cup.d. They are playing basketball now.e. I have radio(s).f. That dog has tail.答案:a. not b. no c. no d. note. no f. no。3. a lot, a lot ofa lot和a lot of都可以作“许多”解。a lot可以用作名词,在句子中充当宾语, 也可以用作副词，修饰动词或用来修饰比拟级。a lot作副词用时，也可作“
4、非常， 特别”解，用作程度状语，相当于very much。a lot of后接名词，既可接可数名 词，又可接不可数名词，多用于肯定句中。在疑问句和否认句中常用many或 much 代替 a lot of。a. John has friends.b. We have to do today.c. He works at home.d. There is meat in the shopping basket.e. She is cleverer than I am.f. Mary likes bananas.答案:a. a lot of b. a lot c. a lot d. a lot of
5、 e. a lot f. a lot。4. be good at, be good to, be good forbe good for意为对有益处（好处），对应的短语是be bad for,意为对有害；be good to意为对友善（好），相当于be friendly to； begood at意为“擅长；在方面做得好”。a. Doing morning exercises our health.b. Jack always me.c. Marys brother maths.答案:a. is good for b. is.good to c. is good ato5. ago, befo
6、re这两个词都作“以前”解。ago是副词，表示从现在算起的假设干时间以前，谓 语动词常用过去时。before可以用作介词，后面接某点时间。before也可以用 作副词（如在a few days before短语中），通常表示从过去某时刻算起的假设干时 间以前，谓语动词常用过去完成时。before可用在现在完成时、一般过去时的 句子里，不伴有具体的时间而单独使用，表示笼统、不明确的“以前”。before 还可用作连词，引导时间状语从句。a. Ive read the book.b. I bought my first bike two years.c. I met that man.d. We
7、saw the film five days.e. Please come to see me six oclock.f. When we finally got there, they had left an hour.g. What did your sister do she joined the army?答案:a. before b. ago c. before d. ago e. beforef. beforeg. beforeo6. diet, food两者都可作“食物”解。diet指的是习惯上吃的食物或规定要吃的食物，特指 维持健康的定量或定质的食物，如病人的疗养饮食。diet
8、既可作可数名词，也 可作不可数名词。表示病人的特殊饮食时是可数名词。food是一般用语，凡能 吃喝的具有营养的东西都可称food。food泛指“食物”时是不可数名词；表示“一 种食物”或“多种食物”时是可数名词。a. Does he like English?b. Proper and exercise are both important to health.c. The doctor has ordered me a special.d. The that you buy in hamburger restaurant are high in fat, sugarand salt.答案:a
9、. food b. diet c. diet d. foodSo7. a few, a little, few, littlefew和a few用于修饰可数名词复数。few具有否认意味，表示“很少”或“几 乎没有；而afew具有肯定的意味，表示“一些”，“有一些。注意，not afew=no few=quite a few=many； few 受 every, last, next, some, very 等词修饰时，表示 的是肯定意义，few前不再用冠词。little和a little用于修饰不可数名词。Mtle 具有否认意味，表示“很少或几乎没有；而a little具有肯定的意味，表示一些
10、”, “有一点”。注意，a Mtle还常用来修饰形容词、副词及其比拟级，也可以修饰动 Tr oa.people liked taking trains at that time.b. Look! Youve made mistakes in your homework.c. In the last minutes, he checked up his paper again.d. He goes to the countryside to see his grandmother every weeks.e. Hurry up! We have time left.f. How much win
11、e did he drink last night?Just.g. School ended earlier today than usual.h. All of them felt tired, so they stopped to have a rest.答案：a. Few b. a few c. few d. few e. little f. a little g. a little h. a littleo8. too much, much tootoo much和much too在形式上相近，但用法不一样。too much作太多” 解，可用作名词词组、形容词词组，修饰不可数名词和副词词组，修饰动词。 much too意为“太、非常”，常用作副词词组，修饰形容词或其它副词。a. It was hot yesterday.b. Dont ask.c. I have work to do today.d. Dont speak.e. The old man walked slow.答案:a. much too b. too much c. too much d. too much e. much too。