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1、常见adv adj辨析i. 一般来说,由现在分词转换来的形容词修饰物,由过去分词转化来 的形容词修饰人1 1) interesting/interestedInteresting意为“有趣的,用于修饰物或物作主语,在句中作定语 或表语Interested意为“感兴趣的”,用于修饰人,在句中只能做表语,常构成短语be interested in (对感兴趣的)L This is an interesting book.(这是本有趣的书)J He is interested in the story.(他对这个故事很感兴趣)(2)类似用法的adj动词ing形容词ed形容词amaze (使惊奇、使惊
2、愕)amazing (惊人的)amazed (惊奇的)annoy (使恼怒)annoying (令人烦躁的)annoyed (恼怒的)atonish(使吃惊、使惊讶)astonishing (惊人的)astonished (十分震惊的)bore (使厌烦)boring (令人厌烦的)bored(无聊厌倦的)challenge (挑战、质疑)challenging (富于挑战性 的)challenged (有障碍的)confuse (使糊涂、使困惑)confusing (令人费解的)confused (困惑的、糊涂的)depress (使抑郁、使沮丧)despressing (令人沮丧的)des
3、pressed (沮丧的)disappoint (使失望)disappointing (令人失望 的)disappointed (失望的)disturb (打搅、阻碍)disturbing (令人不安的)disturbed (受干扰的)embarrass (使尴尬)embarrassing (令人尴尬 的)Embarrassed (尴尬的、窘 迫的)excite (激起、使兴奋)exciting (令人兴奋的)excited (激动的)frighten (使惊吓)frightening (可怕的)frightened (受惊的)frustrate (使沮丧)frustrating (令人沮丧的
4、)frustrated (沮丧的、懊恼 的)impress (使钦佩、使沮丧)impressing (令人印象深 的)impressed (钦佩的、印象 深刻的)interest (使感兴趣)interesting (有趣的)interested (感兴趣的)puzzle (使困惑、使迷惑)puzzling (令人困惑的)puzzled (困惑的)relax (使放松)relaxing (令人放松的)relaxed (放松的)surprise (使某人吃惊)surprising (令人吃惊的)surprised(意外的、惊讶的)threaten (威胁)threatening (恐吓性的)th
5、reathened (受到威胁的)thrill (使非常兴奋)thrilling (令人激动的)thrilled (非常兴奋、极为 激动)tire (使疲劳)tiring (令人疲劳)tired (累的)move (打动、使感动)moving (动人的、感人的)moved (感动的)2 .常见形容词、副词辨析(1) alone lonelyAlone:单独的(地)、单独的(地),强调无人陪伴,既为形容词 又为副词。只能作表语(alone做副词时可以做状语)。Lonely: “孤独的、寂寞的”含有感情色彩,为形容词。可做定语或表语。He lives alone, but he doesnt fe
6、el lonely.This is a lonely island.作定语,“荒凉的、偏僻的”She is alone at home.(她单独一人在家。)(2) asleep sleepy sleepingasleep/sleeping意为睡着的,asleep只能作表语,构成fall asleep (睡 着);sleeping可作表语、定语,另外,还为动名词。sleepy ”困倦的、想睡的“可作表语、定语,构成feel sleep (感觉困 倦)。When my mother came home last night, I was asleep.Who is the sleeping man
7、.I felt sleepy all day.(3) living、alive lively liveA. alive意思是“活着的、有生命的”一般作表语或后置定语,多用 于修饰人;living意思是“活着的、健在的”可作表语和前置定语。The fish is still alive.这条鱼还活着。No man alive is greater than he.在活着的人中,没有人比他更伟大了。 (注:此时alive含有“在所有活着的中”)My first teacher is still living.我的启蒙老师仍健在。He is regarded as one of the best l
8、iving writers at present.他被认为是当代健在的最好的作家之一。English is a living language.英语是活的语言。B. lively那么意为“活泼的、充满生气的”,既可指人又可指物。可作 表语和前置定语。Jenny is a lively girl.詹妮是个活泼的女孩。Everything is lively here.这儿一切都是生机勃勃。C. live意为“活的、有生命的”;“现场直播的”只修饰物,不修 饰人。作定语。a live wire有电的电线a live fish 一条活鱼(4) aloud、loud loudly释意词性有无比拟级例句
9、aloud大声地、 出声地 将声音发出以 便让人听见副词无Please read it aloud. 请大声朗读。loud大声的/地、 响亮的/地形容词、 副词有She speaks in a very loud voice. 她说话声音很大。指声音强度 大,传得远louder JoudestHe speaks loud and clear. 他说话声音洪亮,吐字清晰,loudly大声地、 出声地副词有The children talked so loudly at dinner table. 孩子们在餐桌上太吵闹了。暗含嘈杂喧闹 的意思more loudly、 most loudly、(5)
10、 sick 和 illsick和ill都表示“生病的”,但sick既可作定语,又可作表语;而 ill只能作表语。be ill/sick 生病a sick man 病人He has been ill/sick for a long time. 他病 了 很久。She is looking for her sick mother.她正在照顾她生病的妈妈。(6) such 和 soA.such是限定词,常和名词连用,意为“如此的、这样的”,其用 法结构为“such+a/an+adj+可数名词单数”或such+adj+可数名词复 数/不可数名词”注:后接复数名词和不可数名词时,只能用such,不能用s
11、o;但复 数名词或不可数名词前有many/much/few/little修饰时,只能用so, 不能用suchoB.so常用来修饰adj/adv,表示程度,意为“这么、那么,其用法 结构为:“so+adj/adv”或“so+adj+a/an+可数名词单数” She is such a kind women. 她是一个如此善良的人。Dont go out in such bad weather. 天气这么糟糕,不要出去。He runs so fast.她跑得那么快。Ive never seen so tall a boy.我从未见过个子那么高的男孩。such a tall boy(7) very、
12、much、very muchvery修饰adj/adv的原级much修饰adj/adv的比拟级very much用于修饰动词,且放于句末eg. This problem is very difficult, 这个问题非常难。My sister is much taller than me.我姐姐比我高得多。I like English very much.我非常喜欢英语。(8) already 和 yet用法位置例句already用于肯定句意 为“已经”句中或句尾1 have already finished my homework. 我已经做完作业了。yet用于疑问句中, 意为“已经”句末H
13、ave you finished your homework yet?你已经完成作业了么?用于否认句中, 息为还1 havent finished my homework yet.我还没做完作业。(9) too much too many 和 much too“too much”修饰不可数名词,“太多的”“to。many”修饰可数名词复数,“太多的”“much too”修饰adj/adv的原级,“太、非常”eg. There are too many people in the park. 公园里有许多人。I have too much homework to do today. 今天我有很多
14、作业要做。Your prices are much too high.你们的价格高得太离谱了。Im much too tired. 我太累 了。I think she works much too hard. 我认为她未免太过辛劳了。(10) how much 和 how many“how much”修饰不可数名词,“多少、多少钱”“how many”修饰可数名词复数,“多少”How many students are there in your school ?How much milk do we need?How much are these apples? = Whaf s the p
15、rice of these apples?(how much后面的谓语用 (此句主语为price,故谓语动词用is)is还是are,取决于后面的名词)(11) how long how soon how often how farA.howlong意为“多长时间、多久”,主要对一段时间提问,答语 通常是“for+时间段”或“since+时间点或从句”。B. how soon意为“还有多久才”,常用于一般将来时,答语通常为 “in+时间段”。Chow often意为“多久一次”,用于对做事的频率进行提问,答语 通常是:always/usually/sometimes/never/once/onc
16、e a week/twice a day/three times a month.D. how far意为“多远”,对距离提问。eg. How long have you kept this book?一For three days.How soon will your father be back?一In a week.How often do you go to the movies?一Three times a month.How far can you throw?About 30 meters.(12) sometimes some time、sometime 和 some time
17、sometimes是副词,意为“有时“,相当于at times,表示动作发生的 不经常性some times是名词短语,改为“几次”或“几倍”,time在此处为可 数名词sometime是副词,意为“某个时候”,常用于一般过去时或一般将来 时some time是名词短语,意为“一段时间”,time在此处为不可数名 词注意巧记:分开(some time) “一段时间”,相聚(sometime)“某个时候”; s 相连(sometimes)是“有时,s 分开(some times)表“倍、次”。eg. I sometimes go to school by bike.我有时骑自行车去上学。m visit the Great Wall sometime next year.明年的某个时候我将去参 观长城。Our school is some times larger than theirs.我们学校比他们学校大几 倍。ril stay here for some time.我将在这里待一段时间。