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1、Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsGlobal Forest Resources Assessment 2020 Key findingsmanagement plansMost of the forests in Europe have management plans; on the other hand, management plans exist for less than 25 percent of forests in Africa and lessthan 20 percent in South Ame
2、rica. The area of forest under management plans is increasing in all regions - globally, it has increased by 233 million ha since 2000, reaching 2.05 billion ha in 2020.Proportion of forest area with long-term management plans, by region, 2020AfricaAsiaEuropeorth and Central AmericaOceaniaSouth Amer
3、icaWorldForests face many disturbances that can adversely affect their health and vitalityand reduce their ability to provide a full range of goods and ecosystem services.About 98 million ha of forest were affected by fire in 2015;3 this was mainly in the tropical domain, where fire burned about 4 p
4、ercent of the total forest area in that year. More than two-thirds of the total forest area affected was in Africaand South America.Insects, diseases and severe weather events damaged about 40 million ha of forests in 2015, mainly in the temperate and boreal domains.siaWorldPublic Private Unknown/ot
5、herurope NoOceania SouthCentral AmericaAmericabut the share of privately owned forestsSeventy-three percent of the world/s forests is under public ownership,4 22 percent is privately owned, and the ownership of the remainder is categorized as either “unknown or other” (the latter mainly comprising f
6、orests where ownership is disputed or in transition).Public ownership is predominant in all regions and most subregions.Of the regions, Oceania, North and Central America and South America have the highest proportions of private forests.Globally, the share of publicly owned forests has decreased sin
7、ce 1990 and the area of forest under private ownership has increased.Forest ownership, by region, 201510090807060米50403020100Public administrations hold management rights to 83 percent of the publicly owned forest area globally. Management by public administrations is particularly predominant in Sou
8、th America, where it accounts for 97 percent of management responsibility in publicly owned forests. The share of public administration management rights has decreased globally since 1990, with an increasing share of publicly owned forests managed by private businesses, entities and institutions and
9、 by indigenous and tribal communities.The worlds total growing stock of trees decreased slightly, from 560 billion m3 in 1990 to 557 billion m3 in 2020, due to a net decrease in forest area. On the other hand, growing stock is increasing per unit area globally and in all regions; it rose from 132 m3
10、 per ha in 1990 to 137 m3 per ha in 2020. Growing stock per unit area is highest in the tropical forests of South and Central America and West and Central Africa.The worlds forests contain about 606 gigatonnes of living biomass(above- and below-ground) and 59 gigatonnes of dead wood. The total bioma
11、ss has decreased slightly since 1990 but biomass per unit area has increased.is decreasingis decreasingis decreasingMost forest carbon is found in the living biomass (44 percent) and soil organicmatter (45 percent), with the remainder in dead wood and litter. The total carbonstock in forests decreas
12、ed from 668 gigatonnes in 1990 to 662 gigatonnesin 2020; carbon density increased slightly over the same period, from 159 tonnesto 163 tonnes per ha.44%45%4%6%Proportion of carbon stock in forest carbon pools, 2020in dead wood in litter in living biomass in soil organic matteris used primarily for p
13、roductionGlobally, about 1.15 billion ha of forest is managed primarily for the production of wood and non-wood forest products. In addition, 749 million ha is designated for multiple use, which often includes production.Worldwide, the area of forest designated primarily for production has been rela
14、tively stable since 1990 but the area of multiple-use forest has decreased by about 71 million ha.is allocated for biodiversity conservation Globally, 424 million ha of forest is designated primarily for biodiversity conservation. In total, 111 million ha has been so designated since 1990, of which
15、the largest part was allocated between 2000 and 2010. The rate of increase in the area of forest designated primarily for biodiversity conservation has slowed in the last ten years.designated primarily for soil and water protectionAn estimated 398 million ha of forest is designated primarily for the
16、 protection of soil and water, an increase of 119 million ha since 1990. The rate of increase in the area of forest allocated for this purpose has grown over the entire period but especially in the last ten years.is used mainly for social servicesAn area of 186 million ha of forest worldwide is allo
17、cated for social services such as recreation, tourism, education research and the conservation of cultural and spiritual sites. The area designated for this forest use has increased at a rate of 186 000 ha per year since 2010.The full report of FRA 2020, including an in-depth analysis and individual
18、 reports from the 236 countries and territories covered by the assessment, will be published in June 2020. The complete FRA 2020 database and the 236 individual reports will be available online from mid-2020.Visit In collaboration with its member countries, FAO is conducting a remote sensing survey
19、to derive independent regional and global estimates of forest area and its changes. The results of this survey will be published in 2021. Visit FRA 2020 is the result of a joint effort, including by 187 officially nominated national correspondents, 156 alternate national correspondents, and their na
20、tional teams; an advisory group; partners of the Collaborative Forest Resources Questionnaire; international experts and organizations; FAO staff; consultants; and volunteers from around the world. FAO expresses its gratitude to all these people and organizations for their invaluable contributions t
21、o FRA 2020.Since 1946, FAO has been monitoring the worlds forest resources through periodic assessments conducted in cooperation with its member countries.The Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020 (FRA 2020), the latest of these assessments, examines the status of, and trends in, more than 60 fore
22、st-related variables in 236 countries and territories in the period 1990-2020.This publication, which contains the key findings of FRA 2020, presents a comprehensive view of the worlds forests and the ways in which the resource is changing. Such a clear global picture supports the development of sou
23、nd policies, practices and investments affecting forests and forestry.This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union, the Government of Finland and the Government of Norway.ON.寸。二/N 山 8gzThe contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of FAO and can in no w
24、ay be taken to reflect the views of the European Union, the Government of Finland or the Government of Norway.Ministry for ForvlgrAfftrirs of FinlandeNICFINmMk htafrationGl aimsfe and Rrat InMrtMThis publication contains the main findings of the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020 (FRA 2020). Th
25、e data in FRA 2020-the backbone of the assessment 一 have been obtained through a transparent, traceable reporting process and a well-established network of officially nominated national correspondents.The application of a standardized reporting methodology enables the monitoring of change overtime i
26、n parameters such as forest area, management, ownership and use and the aggregation of data at the regional and global levels.The information provided by FRA presents a comprehensive view of the worlds forests and the ways in which the resource is changing. Such a clear global picture supports the d
27、evelopment of sound policies, practices and investments affecting forests and forestry.FRA is the mechanism for collecting data on two forest-related indicators of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which the United Nations General Assembly adopted in 2015. Specifically, data submitted to FRA
28、 contribute to reporting on SDG indicator 15.1.1 (forest area as a proportion of total land area in 2015) and indicator 15.2.1 (progress towards sustainable forest management).Required citation: FAO. 2020. Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020 - Key findings. Rome. s:/doi.org/10.4060/ca8753enThe d
29、esignations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area
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34、th the required citation: This translation was not created by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). FAO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original Language edition shall be the authoritative edition/Disputes arising under the licence
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38、nd can be purchased through . Requests for commercial use should be submitted via: .Queries regarding rights and licensing should be submitted to: .nd globThe world has a total forest area of 4.06 billion hectares (ha), which is 31 percent of the total land area. This area is equivalent to 0.52 ha p
39、er person1 -although forests are not distributed equally among the worlds peoples or geographically. The tropical domain has the largest proportion of the worlds forests (45 percent), followed by the boreal, temperate and subtropical domains.More than half (54 percent) of the worlds forests is in on
40、ly five countries - the Russian Federation, Brazil, Canada, the United States of America and China.%i of global fain. 2020UUJUl2012468BrazilCanada United497347 States ofAmerica 310Tropical 45%27%emperate 16%Subtropical 11%Top five countries for forest area, 2020 (million ha)RussianFederation815China
41、220Rest ofthe world1870but the rate of loss has slowedThe world has lost 178 million ha of forest since 1990, which is an area aboutThe rate of net forest loss decreased substantially over the period 1990-2020 due to a reduction in deforestation in some countries, plus increases in forest area in ot
42、hers through afforestation and the natural expansion of forests.The rate of net forest loss declined from 7.8 million ha per year in the decade 1990-2000 to 5.2 million ha per year in 2000-2010 and 4.7 million ha per year in 2010-2020. The rate of decline of net forest loss slowed in the most recent
43、 decade due to a reduction in the rate of forest expansion.Global annual forest area net change, FAO defines deforestation as the conversion by d.de, 1990-2020 of forest to other land uses (regardless of whether it is human-induced).“Deforestation and forest area net change” are not the same: the la
44、tter is the sum of all forest losses (deforestation) and all forest gains (forest expansion) in a given period. Net change, therefore, can be positive or negative, depending on whether gains exceed losses, or vice versa.of forest areaAfrica had the largest annual rate of net forest loss in 2010-2020
45、,at 3.9 million ha, followed by South America, at 2.6 million ha.The rate of net forest loss has increased in Africa in each of the three decades since 1990. It has declined substantially in South America, however, to about half the rate in 2010-2020 compared with 2000-2010.Asia had the highest net
46、gain of forest area in 2010-2020, followed by Oceania and Europe.2 Nevertheless, both Europe and Asia recorded substantially lower rates of net gain in 2010-2020 than in 2000-2010. Oceania experienced net losses of forest area in the decades 1990-2000 and 2000-2010.Annual forest area net change, by
47、decade and region, 1990-2020-6AsiaOceaniaEurope North and Central South AmericaAfricaAmerica 1990-20002000-2010 2010-2020but at a lower rateAn estimated 420 million ha of forest has been lost worldwide through deforestation since 1990, but the rate of forest loss has declined substantially.In the mo
48、st recent five-year period (2015-2020), the annual rate of deforestationwas estimated at 10 million ha, down from 12 million ha in 2010-2015.151050-5-10-15-202010-20152015-2020Ninety-three percent (3.75 billion ha) of the forest area worldwide is composed ofnaturally regenerating forests and 7 percent (290 million ha) is planted.The area of naturally regenerating forests has decreased since 1990(at a declining rate of loss), but the area of planted forests has increased by123 million ha. The rate of increase in the area of planted forest h