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1、U 6 Earth First 必修二 学案主题思维导图The environmentNaturehabitat:栖息地tropical rainforestOceanThe polar regions 极区GrasslandmountainWetlandforestEcology:生态ecological balanceThe origin of species:物种起源survival of the fittest:适者生存Creature:生物,动物 sharkfin:鱼鳍Ivory:象牙fur:毛皮Situationrare:rare animalsEndangeredendanger
2、ed speciesAffectdo harm tobe cruel toIn dangerdie offdie outdisappearHuntshoottrap(v):困住 threatenEnvironmental problems haze:雾霾global warmingSmog:烟雾drought:久旱,旱灾flood:洪水,水灾Environmental protection reserveLow-carbonthe nature park water conservationhelp .return to natureprotect.from/againstBe concern
3、ed about.take measures to do sthtake measures to do sthCollect/raise money to supportEnvironmentally friendly 环保的 live in harmony with:与和睦共处 佳句锦集1. The number of wild animals is declining faster than ever before.野生动物的数量正在以前所未有的速度减少。2. Ive learned from a newspaper that many bear species in the world
4、are dying out as a result of human activities.从报纸上我了解到,世界上许多熊类因为人类的活动即将灭绝。3. What should be done to punish those who do harm to wildlife?应该采取生要么措施惩罚那些给野生动植物造成危害的危害的人?4. One day, if animals all disappeared, the world we live in would come to an end.如果有一天,所有的动物都消失了,我们赖以生存的世界就会结束了。5. Loss of a single s
5、pecies is very likely to destroy a whole food chain and affects others that rely on it,每一个物种的消失很可能就会破坏一条完整的食物链,影响到以来这个食物链的 其他物种。考点词汇综合夯实一.Scare(vt):使害怕;惊吓(vi):受惊吓,害怕(cn):恐慌Scared(adj):害怕的额,担忧的scary(adj):引起惊慌的;吓人的/令人害怕的Be scared of doing/sthBe scared to death:吓得要死Be scared to do sthScare sb to death:
6、把某人吓得要死Scare sb/sth away/off:将某人/某物吓跑Scare sb into/out of doing sth:恐吓某人做/不做某事It scares sb to do sth:做某事使某人害怕Give sb a scare:吓某人跳二.Due to(常做表语,后置定语和状语):由于;预定的;预期发生的(不用于名词前)Due(adj):应给予,应支付,应归于;预定,预计,预期Be due to sb:应付给某人,应给予某人Be due to so sth:预计做某事,预定做某事辨析Because of:常作状语Thankst。:多亏,由于(只做状语)Owing to:常
7、作状语As a result of:做状语On account of:作状语三.Cut off:砍掉,切掉;使与外界隔绝;中断( 通话);停止,中断(供给);打断 =interruptCut away:砍掉,切除Cut in:插嘴:超车抢道Cut out:剪裁,删去Cut up:切碎,剁碎Cut down:砍倒;减少,缩小(尺寸,数量或数目)四.Rather than:而不是1 .前后连接词性一致的并列结构:n,pron,adj,v-ing;to do.2 .连接两个不定式时,后一个常省略to,当rather than位于句首时,后常跟不带to的 动词不定式3 .连接并列主语时,谓语动词就远一
8、致,类似于as well as, together with,with.Target(v):把作为攻击目标,把作为批评的对象(vi):以为目标,以为对象(n):目标,靶;(攻击的)对象Target .on/at.:把作为的目标,针对Target group:目标群体/用户Set a target制定目标Meet/achieve a target:完成目标Hit/miss the target:中靶/脱靶.Attitude(n):态度,看法(常用 good,bad positive negative 修饰)An attitude to/towards.对的态度/看法Have/take /adop
9、t a(n) .attitude to/towards:对.持有.的态度An attitude of mind:心态.Some people stopped swimming in the sea, afraid of the horrible creature from the film.形容词(短语)作状语(1):可以是单个形容词,也可以是形容词短语(2):通常位于句首或句末,有时位于句中。位于句首时,一般用都好与句子其他成 分隔开;位于句末时可隔开也可不隔开(3):作用:用于说明主语的状态或表示原因,方式,伴随,让步等Eg. He returned from the war, safe
10、and sound.Unhappy with the result, he decided to do more experiments.五 .Devote(vt):献身,致力,专心devotion(un):关爱,奉献,专心Devoted(adj):挚爱的,忠诚的,全心全意的a devoted father:以为尽职的父亲Be devoted to (doing) sth:致力于(做)某事Be devoted to sb:深爱某人/对某人忠诚Devote ones life/oneself to (doing) sth:献身于/致力于(做)某事Devote ones time /energy/
11、attention .to (doing) sth:把某人的时间/精力/注意力用到 (做)某事上.Reserve(n):(野生动物)保护区;储藏(量/物)(vt):预订;保存;留出Reservation(rO:预订,预约;保存地,居留地;(c,un):保存意见Nature reserve:自然保护区Keep sth In reserve:保存某物以备用Reserve sth for.:为预订某物;为留出某物Reserve the right to do sth:保存做某事的权利(尤用于通知或官方文件)Make a reservation:预订,预约Without reservation:亳无保
12、存地十.Damage(vt):损害,毁坏,破坏(un):损失,破坏,损坏;损伤;(pl):损害赔偿金Damaged(adj):受损的Do/cause damage to.:对造成损害/破坏辨析Damage:主要指对价值和功能的破坏,多用于无生命的东西,一般可以修夏Destroy: “破坏,毁灭”,使之毁灭或无用,一般不能或很难修复Ruin: “毁坏,破坏”使某物丧失功能,价值,更强调破坏的彻底性完全地毁坏,使好 的事物向不好的方向开展,不能修复。十一.Affect(v):影响;(感情上)感动;(疾病等)侵袭Affection(n):慈祥,钟爱十二Supply(cn):供应量;(supplies
13、)日用(必需)品;(un):煤气,电力,自来水等供应(系 统);提供;供给;补给(vt):提供,供给;补给Offer sb sth=offer sth to sbProvide sb with sth=provide sth for sbSupply sb with sth= supply sth to sbWater supply:供水Be in short supply:供应短缺A supply of/supplies of.:.供应Supply and demand:供求关系Supply exceeds demand:供过于求Demand exceeds supply:供不应求十三.Ad
14、opt(vt)东取;收养;领养;采纳;正式通过,表决采纳adopted(adj):收养的,领养的Adoption(un):收养,采纳(cn):采用adapt(v):(使)适应,改造;改编Adopt ones advice/suggestion/planAn adopted son/daughter:养子/养女十四.Reduce(vt):减少,降低decrease.反义词:increase reduction(n):降低,减少Reduce to.:减少到Reduce by.:减少了Reduce sb/sth to sth/doing sth:使某人/某事陷入(更坏的)境地;使沦落;使陷入窘 境(
15、常用于被动语态)十五.Majority(n):多数,大多数(人或物)major(adj):主要的,大的(vi):主修(cn):主修课程Minority(n):少数,少数派minor(adj):较小的,次要的(vi):辅修(+in)(n):辅修课程A/ the majority fo:大多数=most (of). a / the minority of:少数.In a/the majority:占大多数in a/ the minority:占少数十六.Amount(n):数量,数额;金额 (vi):总计,共计+ 不可数名词:A large/great/good/ small amount of
16、大量/少量A great/good deal ofQuite a little+可数名词复数:a good/great manyA large/great number ofQuite a few+可数名词单数:many a/an.More than one+随意名词:a lot of /lots of/plenty ofA large quantity of+可数名词复数/不可数名词(作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式根据 of后的名词来确定)Large quantities of+可数名词复数/不可数名词(作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式)十七.Remove(vt):移开,拿开;脱去,摘下工ake
17、 off;去除,消除,使消失=get rid of;免除, 解除(职务等)Removal(n):移动,去除;免职;搬迁Removable(adj):可去除的,可取出的Remove.from.:把.从拿开/移开;从去除/消除;将从开除/免职Remove.to :把.移至!1.Remove ones doubts/fears:消除某人的疑虑或恐惧十八.Permission(un):允许;许可;许可证 permit(vt)permitted,permitting:允许With (your) permission:如果(你)容许的话Without permission:未经许可;擅自Ask for p
18、ermission:请求许可Give permission:许可Permit sb to do sthpermit doing sth十九.Urge(vt)竭力主张;强烈要求;敦促(时强烈的欲望;冲动Urgent(adj):紧急的,急迫的urgency(n):紧急,急迫Urge sb to do sthhave an urge to do sth:有做某事的冲动Urge sth on/upon sb:强烈要求某人做某事Urge that(should竭力主张.It is urged that.:坚决主张(+虚拟)In urgent need of.:急需A matter of great ur
19、gency:极为迫切的问题二十.Concerned(adj):焦急的;担忧的;有关的,有牵连的Concern(vt):使忧虑;使担忧;涉及;与相关(n):担忧,忧虑;关切的事情Concerning(prep):关于Be concerned about/for.:关心/担忧.Be concerned 合1)0111/由.:和.有关;关注.;对.感兴趣Concern oneself with/about:对.感兴趣;与.有关There is concern for/about/over.:对担忧、/关心Show concern for/about/over:对.表示关心As /so far as
20、sb be concerned:就某人而言二f Contribute(vi):促成;造成(某事发生) contribution。):贡献,捐献;稿件Contributor(n):捐赠人,投稿人Contribute to =lead to=result in=account造成某事发生;是的原因之一,有助于Contribute. to.:向捐献;给投稿Make a contribution to/make contributions to.:对做出贡献二十二.Average(adj):平均(数)的;中等的;普通的(n):平均数,平均水平,一般水准(vi): 计算出平均数;平均为An averag
21、e。.:平均为.Above/below average:高/低于平均水平二十三.Take.into account=take account of.:把.考虑进去;考虑到,顾及.Take sb/sth into considerationAccount for.:说明/解释;(比例)占On account of:由于,因为On ones account :为了某人的缘故On on account:决不(位于句首时,句子要用局部倒装)By/from all accounts:据说Give an account of sth:描述/表达某事Focus on grammar现在分词(短语),过去分词
22、(短语)作宾语补足语现在分词短语作宾补位于感官动词后位于使役动词后用于with复合结构中过去分词短语在表示状态的动词keep,leave等后在使役动词have ,get,make等后在感官动词 watch,notice,see,hearjisten to,feel 等后在表示心理状态的动词后think,suppose, consider在表示希望,要求等动词后用于with复合结构中现在分词和过去分词短语作宾补的区别:现在分词表示正在进行的主动或被动动作过去分词表示动作已经完成或被动不定式:用于with复合结构中,表示动作还未发生用于感官动词后,强调动作发生的全过程差距拔尖词汇1. Biological:生物的,与生物有关的Sign而cance(N):重要性2. Cooperation:合作,协作Analysis(n):分析3. Extend(vi):延长,扩大,伸展Relatively:相对地;比拟而言4. Distinctive(adj):独特的,有特色,与众不同的Organic(adj):有机的,生物的 9. Remedy(vt):补救