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1、15 15 特殊句式特殊句式倒装倒装 省略省略 强调强调倒倒 装装inversion定义定义 英英语语句句子子的的自自然然语语序序是是“主主语语+谓谓语语”。如如果果将将谓谓语语的的全全部或一部分放在主语之前，这种语序被称为部或一部分放在主语之前，这种语序被称为“倒装倒装”。倒倒 装装分类分类分为分为全部倒装全部倒装和和部分倒装部分倒装：谓语全部放在主语之前，为谓语全部放在主语之前，为全部倒装全部倒装；只把助动词只把助动词、连系动词或情态动词放在主语之前，为连系动词或情态动词放在主语之前，为部分倒装部分倒装。倒装原因倒装原因一一、语法结构的需要（如某些疑问句）；语法结构的需要（如某些疑问句）；
2、二二、为了强调；为了强调；三三、保持句子的平衡或是上下文紧密保持句子的平衡或是上下文紧密衔衔接。接。全全 部部 倒倒 装装（谓语全部放在主语之前）（谓语全部放在主语之前）此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时1.there be句型。句型。其其中中be动动词词有有时时可可用用exist,live,stand,lie,seem,appear,remain,happen 等词代替。（全部倒装）等词代替。（全部倒装）1)There is an experienced teacher and many lovely students in the classroo
3、m.2)There lay a winding brook in front of an old house.2.方方位位词词in,out,there,here,inside,outside,up,down,away,off,downstairs,upstairs等等以以及及now,then置置于于句句首首时时，谓谓语语动动词词常常用用be,come,go,lie,run等等，并并且且句句子子的的主主语语是是名名词词。为为以以示示强强调调或或为了使情景更生动为了使情景更生动,要全部倒装。（全部倒装）要全部倒装。（全部倒装）1)Away flew the bird which I bought
4、yesterday.2)Now comes your turn to sweep the floor.注意：注意：主语是人称代词时，仍用自然语序。主语是人称代词时，仍用自然语序。Away they went.(=They went away.)3.直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时，有时用倒装。直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时，有时用倒装。（全部倒装）（全部倒装）“Whats up,Tom?”asked Mother.“The car is mine,”said Tom.注意：注意：主语是代词时，不倒装。主语是代词时，不倒装。“The car is mine,”he said.4.为为了了平平衡
5、衡句句子子结结构构的的需需要要,或或为为了了强强调调状状语语(常常为为介介词词短短语语)，或为了使上下文紧密衔接时，将状语提前。，或为了使上下文紧密衔接时，将状语提前。（全部倒装）（全部倒装）1)They arrived at a farmhouse,in front of which sat a small boy.2)Nearby were the canoes in which they had come to the island.5.主主语语太太长长，表表语语太太短短，为为了了平平衡衡句句子子结结构构的的需需要要,将将表表语语提提前前。（全部倒装）（全部倒装）1）Inside the
6、 pyramid are the burial rooms for the kings and queens.2）Gone are the days when we are enslaved.6.such和和be连用作表语时，也常用倒装语序。连用作表语时，也常用倒装语序。（全部倒装）（全部倒装）1）Such was not his intention.2）Such are the facts.部分倒装部分倒装把助动词，连系动词或情态动词放在主语之前把助动词，连系动词或情态动词放在主语之前1.用于疑问句。用于疑问句。（部分倒装）（部分倒装）1）Shall everything be ready
7、before you arrive?2）What can I do for you?注意：疑问词作主语或修饰主语时，主谓不颠倒。注意：疑问词作主语或修饰主语时，主谓不颠倒。1）Who can work it out?2）How many students have read this book?2.用用于于省省略略if的的虚虚拟拟条条件件从从句句中中，should/were/had 置置于于句句首首。（部分倒装）（部分倒装）1)Had I not adopted my class teachers advice,I would have made such a serious mistake.
8、2)Should I earn money,I should live better.3.so,as,neither,nor,no more 表表示示前前面面的的情情况况也也适适合合于于另另一一人人或物时。或物时。(部分倒装部分倒装)1）Tom can speak French.So can Jack.2）If you wont go,neither will I.注意：若只是表示对前面所述内容的肯定、确认，主谓不倒装。注意：若只是表示对前面所述内容的肯定、确认，主谓不倒装。1)Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.2)Its rai
9、ning hard.So it is.4.含含有有否否定定意意义义的的副副词词或或连连词词置置于于句句首首，如如hardly,rarely,seldom,scarcely,barely,never,not,few,little,neither,nor,not only,hardlywhen,in no case,by no means,no soonerthan,many a time,often 等。等。（部分倒装）（部分倒装）1)Not until the 19th century was the written examination probably known.2)Not only
10、was everything he had taken away,but also his German citizenship.3)Not a single mistake did he make.注意注意1：修饰或连接主语时，主谓不倒装：修饰或连接主语时，主谓不倒装I have never seen such a performance.注意注意2：如否定词不在句首不倒装如否定词不在句首不倒装1)Not only is she a good singer,but also she is a good dancer.2)Neither did he watch TV nor did he g
11、o to the cinema.5.only+状状语语（副副词词、介介词词短短语语、状状语语从从句句）放放在在句句首首时时。（部分倒装）（部分倒装）1)Only then did I realize the value of reading aloud every morning.2)Only by means of talking can we avoid misunderstanding each other.6.“so/such+表表语语/状状语语+that从从句句”结结构构中中的的so 或或such引引导导的的表语表语/状语放在句首时。状语放在句首时。（部分倒装）（部分倒装）1）So
12、frightened was she in the darkness that she didnt dare to move at all.2）Such a lovely child is he that all of us love him.7.用用于于形形容容词词（名名词词/动动词词）+as/though的的让让步步状状语语从从句句中中。（特殊倒装）（特殊倒装）1)Proud as they are,they are afraid to see us.2)Child as he is,he knows a lot.(A small child as he is,he knows a lot
13、.)3)Try hard as they would,they could not lift the box.8.方方式式副副词词well或或频频度度副副词词often,many a time,always,once,every two hours,以及以及then开头的句子。开头的句子。(部分倒装部分倒装)1)Often did I remind him not to do that.2)Many a time has he made the same mistake.9.在在no soonerthan,hardlywhen,not onlybut also句句型型中中,前面的句子要部分倒装
14、。前面的句子要部分倒装。1）No sooner had I reached the station than the train left.2）Hardly had I reached the station when the train left.注意注意:not onlybut also,neithernor连接两个主语时不倒装连接两个主语时不倒装Not only he but also I went to the Park.10.用于表示祝愿和祝福之类的句子中。用于表示祝愿和祝福之类的句子中。(部分或全部倒装部分或全部倒装)1）May you succeed/be happy!2)Lon
15、g live the Peoples Republic of China!省 略ellipsis省省 略略定义定义 为为了了避避免免重重复复，突突出出关关键键词词语语，并并使使上上下下文文紧紧密密连连接接，在在句句子子中中有有时时就就省省去去了了一一个个或或几几个个句句子子成成分分。这这种种语语法法手手段段就就称称为为省省略略。省省略略是是重重要要的的修修辞辞原原则则，因因此此，只只要要不不损损害害语语法法结结构构，不产生歧异，能省略的就应省略。不产生歧异，能省略的就应省略。简单句中的省略简单句中的省略1.省略主语省略主语祈使句中主语通常省略；其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。祈使句中主语通常
16、省略；其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。(1)(I)Thank you for your help.(2)(It)Doesnt matter.2.省略主谓或主谓语的一部分省略主谓或主谓语的一部分 What/How(do you think)about a cup of tea?3.在在对对话话或或并并列列句句中中，如如果果主主语语、谓谓语语不不同同，而而宾宾语语相相同同，则则常省去相同的宾语部分。常省去相同的宾语部分。Tom enjoys dancing,but Peter hates(dancing).4.省省略略作作宾宾语语的的不不定定式式短短语语，只只保保留留to，但但如如果果该该宾宾语
17、语是是动动词词be或完成时态，则须在之后加上或完成时态，则须在之后加上be或或have:Are you going there?Yes,Id like to(go there).注注意意：在在下下列列词词后后常常省省略略不不定定式式但但要要保保留留to:want,wish,like,hate,hope,intend,plan,love,refuse,expect，但但当当want 和和like用于从句中时，用于从句中时，to常常省略。常常省略。5.结构省略结构省略可可以以根根据据通通常常的的语语法法结结构构加加以以判判断断，比比如如省省略略表表语语或或同同时时省省略略几个成分。但在否定句中不能
18、省略。几个成分。但在否定句中不能省略。We have lived here(for)ten years.I havent seen you for three months.并列句中的省略并列句中的省略1.在后一并列分句中凡是与上下文相同的成分通常都要省略。在后一并列分句中凡是与上下文相同的成分通常都要省略。My office was on the tenth floor,and his(office was)on the twelfth(floor).并并列列句句的的省省略略有有时时还还可可出出现现在在前前面面的的分分句句中中，这这时时被被省省略略的的词词语便出现在下文。语便出现在下文。Ge
19、orge will(take the course)and Bob might take the course.2.省略动词省略动词+宾语或补语宾语或补语I will buy a house.He will(buy a house)too.3.省略主语省略主语+谓语动词谓语动词We still have shortcomings,and(we have)very big ones,too.注注意意：出出现现在在并并列列句句中中的的be,have,do,如如果果在在一一个个分分句句中中作作助助动词，而在另一个分句中作行为动词，不可省略。动词，而在另一个分句中作行为动词，不可省略。4.省略主语省略
20、主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语They tried to prevent the pollution,but(they did)not(prevent the pollution)very successfully at the beginning.复合句中的省略复合句中的省略1.复复合合句句中中的的省省略略现现象象常常见见于于从从句句中中，主主句句中中的的省省略略通通常常出出现现在句首。在句首。Hope you will have a good journey.2.有时整个主句都可省略，有时整个主句都可省略，这种省略通常出现在简短答语中。这种省略通常出现在简短答语中。Are you going t
21、o buy the house?Unless my wife objects.3.复复合合句句中中的的省省略略现现象象多多出出现现在在状状语语从从句句中中，在在某某些些状状语语从从句句中中，从从句句的的主主语语与与主主句句的的主主语语一一致致时时或或主主语语是是it时时，可可省省去去“主语主语+be”部分。部分。Although hard-working,he couldnt earn enough even to support him.4.引引导导宾宾语语从从句句的的从从属属连连词词只只要要从从句句不不长长，that通通常常都都可可省省略略。但如果从句较长或从句的语境较复杂但如果从句较长或
22、从句的语境较复杂,连词连词that 不能省略。不能省略。1）I hope(that)all will go well.2）She has made it clear that she will have nothing to do with him.5.在在than或或as引起的从句中的省略。引起的从句中的省略。Many others are doing better than we are.6.省省略略一一个个从从句句或或从从句句的的一一部部分分，可可用用so 或或 not代代替替。常常用用于于此此类类的的动动词词有有believe,think,expect,guess,hope,imagi
23、ne,suppose,say,tell等以及等以及appear,seem,afraid,etc.。Is he coming back tonight?I think so.7.连词连词if在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，但后面的语序有变化。在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，但后面的语序有变化。Had they time,they would certainly come and help us.8.不定式符号不定式符号to的省略。的省略。(1)并列的不定式可省去后面的并列的不定式可省去后面的 to.I told him to sit down and wait for a moment.(2)某某些些使使役
24、役动动词词（let,make,have）及及感感官官动动词词（see,watch,hear,notice,observe等等）后后面面作作宾宾语语补补足足语语的的不不定定式式一一定定要要省省去去 to,但在被动语态中须将但在被动语态中须将to 复原。复原。I saw the boy fall from the tree.(3)介词介词but前若有动词前若有动词do,后面的不定式不带后面的不定式不带 to.The boy did nothing but play.(4)主语从句中有动词主语从句中有动词do,后面作表语的不定式的后面作表语的不定式的 to可带可不带。可带可不带。All we can
25、 do now is(to)wait.强 调emphasis强强 调调定义定义 强强调调是是有有效效地地进进行行思思想想交交流流的的重重要要手手段段之之一一。人人们们在在交交际际过过程程中中，为为了了使使自自己己的的思思想想能能为为听听者者或或读读者者恰恰当当的的理理解解，必必须突出重要的内容，这就需要运用强调的手段。须突出重要的内容，这就需要运用强调的手段。在在现现代代英英语语中中，人人们们可可以以通通过过语语音音手手段段、词词汇汇手手段段、语语法手段法手段来进行强调。来进行强调。考点考点1）强调句型与定语从句合用，增加试题迷惑性。）强调句型与定语从句合用，增加试题迷惑性。It was on
26、 the day when he joined the Party that he was killed.2）强调句型与宾语从句合用，强调句型用于宾语从句。）强调句型与宾语从句合用，强调句型用于宾语从句。语音手段语音手段在在口口语语中中，人人们们可可以以根根据据交交流流的的需需要要，通通过过语语句句重重音音来来对对不不同同的词语进行强调。的词语进行强调。He speaks English well.这句话，可以通过语句重音来分别对不同的词进行强调。这句话，可以通过语句重音来分别对不同的词进行强调。词汇手段词汇手段人们常用一些形容词、副词、否定词等词汇手段来加强语气。人们常用一些形容词、副词、否
27、定词等词汇手段来加强语气。This is the most interesting TV play.语法手段语法手段1.It is/was+强调部分强调部分+that/who/whom+其他成分其他成分这这个个句句型型用用来来强强调调除除谓谓语语以以外外的的各各种种句句子子成成分分，被被强强调调部部分分必必须须放放在在it is/was 后后面面，如如果果强强调调的的部部分分是是人人，可可以以用用who/whom 来代替来代替that。They will have a meeting in the hall tomorrow.强调主语强调主语:It is they that/who will
28、have a meeting in the hall tomorrow.强调宾语强调宾语:It is a meeting that they will have in the hall tomorrow.强调地点状语强调地点状语:It is in the hall that they will have a meeting tomorrow.强调时间状语强调时间状语:It is tomorrow that they will have a meeting in the hall.2.强调句型的注意点强调句型的注意点(1)主主谓谓一一致致：被被强强调调部部分分作作主主语语时时，其其形形式式与与谓
29、谓语语动动词词在在人人称称和和数数上保持一致。上保持一致。It is his parents who have come to China.(2)人称照应人称照应：强调主语用主格，宾语用宾格。：强调主语用主格，宾语用宾格。It was her whom I saw in the street just now.(3)be前面可加情态动词前面可加情态动词It must be Peter who has let this secret out.(4)问句形式：问句形式：一般疑问句：一般疑问句：Is/Was it+被强调部分被强调部分 +that+Was it yesterday that he w
30、as fired?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：疑问词疑问词+is/was+it+that+What is it that you want me to do?(5)当当强强调调notuntil结结构构时时，必必须须将将not until连连用用,后后面面接接肯肯定定式。式。It was not until at that time that I realized what trouble he was in.3.强调句型的判断强调句型的判断把把“It is/wasthat”去去掉掉，如如果果剩剩余余部部分分句句子子结结构构仍仍然然完完整整，那那么么这这个个句句子子就就是是强强调调句句；如如果果句句
31、子子不不完完整整，则则不不是是强强调调句句。It is true that he once went to America.(主语从句主语从句)It was at 8 oclock that he came back.(强调句强调句)4.It is/wasthat强强调调句句型型的的被被强强调调部部分分如如果果是是原原因因状状语语从从句，只能由句，只能由because引导，不能由引导，不能由since、as或或why引导。引导。It was because the water had risen that they could not cross the river.5.用助动词用助动词do,
32、does或或did来强调谓语动词。来强调谓语动词。He did send you a letter last week.6.用主语从句用主语从句+be+被强调部分，主语从句常用被强调部分，主语从句常用what引导。引导。What John wants is a ball.7.用修辞疑问句，表示强调。用修辞疑问句，表示强调。疑疑问问句句转转用用作作加加强强语语气气的的陈陈述述句句时时，即即可可称称为为修修辞辞性性疑疑问问句句。需需要要注注意意的的是是：肯肯定定的的修修辞辞疑疑问问句句其其意意义义相相当当于于强强调调的的是是否否定定陈陈述述句句；而而否否定定的的修修辞辞疑疑问问句句其其意意义义则则
33、相相当当于于强强调调的的是是肯肯定定陈陈述句。述句。Can anyone doubt the truth of his statement?Surely no one can/would doubt it.)Who doesnt know the sun rises in the east?8.一般疑问句的强调：一般疑问句的强调：Did you meet your brother at Mc Donald?Was it your brother that you met at Mc Donald?(强调宾语强调宾语)9.特殊疑问句的强调：特殊疑问句的强调：Where did you see her cellphone yesterday?Where was it that you saw her cellphone yesterday?（强调特殊疑问词（强调特殊疑问词where）10.通过改变句子结构或颠倒正常语序的手段来进行强调。通过改变句子结构或颠倒正常语序的手段来进行强调。Never will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.