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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 机械密封的性能及新型技术改造中英文翻译Mechanical seal performance and a new technical innovation in both Chinese and English translation 关键词：机械密封；性能；留意事项；先进密封技术Key words: mechanical seals； Performance； Matters needing attention ； Advanced sealing technology 摘要：论文分析机械密封工作的基本原理,并且探讨在各个环节中怎样提高机械密
2、封的性 能和留意事项,简要介绍几种先进密封技术；Abstract: the paper analyses the basic principle of mechanical seal, and discusses how to improve the performance of mechanical seals in each link and the matters needing attention, several advanced seal technology are briefly introduced. 由于传动轴贯穿在设备内外,这样轴与设备之间存在一个圆周间隙,设备中的介质通
3、过该 间隙向外泄露,假如设备内压力低于大气压,就空气向设备内泄露,因此必需有一个阻挡 泄露的轴封装置；轴封的种类很多,由于机械密封具有泄漏量少和寿命长等优点,所以是 当今世界上最主要的轴密封方式；Due to the drive shaft through both inside and outside the equipment, so there is a circumferential clearance between shaft and equipment, equipment of medium leak out through the gap, if the device int
4、ernal pressure below atmospheric pressure, the air to leak inside equipment, so there must be a stop leaking of shaft seal device. Many different kinds of shaft seal, mechanical seal has the advantages of less leakage and long service life, so is the main shaft seal way in the world today. 机械密封主要是通过
5、一系列零件将径向密封转化为轴向密封,在弹簧和介质压力共同作用 下,对由于设备运行所造成的轴向磨损可以准时补偿,使轴向密封始终保持贴合；其密封 性能和使用寿命取决于很多因素,如选型、机器的精度以及在安装、启动前、运行和停运名师归纳总结 后的保护操作等【1】；第 1 页,共 10 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Mainly through a series of mechanical seal parts axial radial seal can be converted to seal, in the spring and medium pres
6、sure, under the function of the equipment operation caused by the axial wear can timely compensation, make the axial seal always stay fit. The sealing performance and service life depends on many factors, such as type selection, the precision of the machine, and before the installation, start-up, op
7、eration and shut down after the maintenance operation, etc. 1. 1. 选型 1. The selection of 机械密封按工作条件和介质性质的不同,有耐高温、耐低温机械密封,耐颗粒介质机械密 封和适应易汽化的轻质烃介质的机械密封等,应依据不同的用处选取不同结构型式和材料 的机械密封；在安装与使用中要依据机械密封的要求挑选机器的精度,按转轴的旋一直选择弹簧的左、右旋；Mechanical seal according to the working conditions and the properties of medium, t
8、here are high temperature resistant, resistant to low temperature mechanical seal, granular medium resistance of mechanical seal and adapt easy vaporization of light hydrocarbon medium mechanical seal, etc., should choose different according to different use of the structural type and materials of m
9、echanical seal. In the installation and use to select according to the requirement of the mechanical seal the precision of the machine, according to the axis of rotation always choose spring left and right hand. 2. 安装【 2】2. Install 【 2 】安装方法随机械密封型式、机器的种类不同而有所不同,但其安装要领几乎都相同,安装 步骤和留意事项如下：名师归纳总结 - - -
10、- - - -第 2 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Installation method according to the mechanical seal type and the type of machine is different, but the installation essentials are almost the same, the installation steps and matters needing attention are as follows: 2.1 安装尺寸的正确确定；2.1 installation of righ
11、t determine size. 2.2 装入前,轴（轴套）、压盖应无毛刺,轴承状况良好；密封件、轴、密封腔、压盖都应 该清洗洁净；为削减摩擦阻力,轴上安装机械密封的部位要薄薄地涂上一层油,以进行润 滑,考虑到橡胶 O 形圈的相溶性,如不宜用油,可涂肥皂水；浮装式静环不带防转销的结 构,不宜涂油,应干式装入压盖；2.2 prior to loading, axial collar, gland should be no burr, bearing in good condition； Seal, shaft, sealing cavity, gland should be cleaned.
12、In order to reduce frictional resistance, and shaft installed on mechanical seal parts to thin coated with oil, for lubrication, considering the intermiscibility of rubber o-ring, if not oil, can besmear soap and water. Without a stop pin float mounted static ring structure, not oil, should be dry l
13、oad a gland. 2.3 先将静环与压盖一起装在轴上,留意不要与轴相碰,然后将动环组件装入；弹簧座或传 动座的紧定螺钉应分几次匀称拧紧；2.3 to static ring mounted on the shaft with gland, be careful not to into the shaft, then load ring components. Spring bridge or transmission of evenly tighten the set screws should be several times. 3. 启动前的预备工作及留意事项 3. Before
14、the start of the preparation work and the matters needing attention 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 3.1 全面检查机械密封,机械密封启动前进行静压试验,检查是否有泄漏现象；3.1 overall check mechanical seal, mechanical seal before the start of hydrostatic test, check whether there is leakage phenomenon. 3.2 启动
15、前应保持密封腔内布满液体；对于输送凝固的介质时,应用蒸气将密封腔加热使介 质熔化按泵旋向盘车,检查是否轻快匀称；如盘车吃力或不动时,就应检查装配尺寸是否 错误,安装是否合理；3.2 before the start of sealed cavity filled with liquid shall be maintained. For solidification of the medium, the application of steam seal chamber heating melt medium according to the pump rotate to turning, ch
16、eck whether the light evenly. Such as turning demanding or not move, should check whether assembly size error, installation is reasonable. 4. 运行中的保护 4. The running maintenance 4.1 当输送介质温度偏高、过低、或含有杂质颗粒、易燃、易爆、有毒时,必需实行相应的 阻封、冲洗、冷却、过滤等措施；4.1 when the temperature of the medium to high, low, or containing
17、 impurity particles, inflammable, explosive, toxic, must adopt corresponding resistance sealing and flushing, cooling, filtering and other measures. 4.2 运转前用手盘车,留意转矩是否过大,有无擦碰及不正常的声音；4.2 before turning by hand operation, pay attention to whether the torque is too big, any scratch and abnormal sound.
18、名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 4.3 留意旋向,联轴器是否对中,轴承部位的润滑油加法是否适当,配管是否正确；4.3 turn to pay attention to, and whether the coupling of, the bearing parts of the lubricating oil additive is appropriate, piping is correct. 4.4 运转前第一将介质、冷却水阀门打开,检查密封腔内的气体是否全排出,防止静压引起 泄漏,然后开机运行；4.4 bef
19、ore the first operation will be medium, the cooling water valve is open, check the gas in the sealed cavity is completely discharge, to prevent leaks by static pressure, and then switched on. 4.5 开车后是否正常稳固,有无因轴转动引起的反常转矩,以及反常响声和过热现象；4.5 is normal after driving stability, have without shaft turning ca
20、used by abnormal torque, as well as the abnormal noise and overheating. 5. 停运 5. Stop 5.1 对于用泵外封油系统的机械密封,应先启动封油系统；停车后最终停止封油系统；5.1 with WaiFeng oil pump system of mechanical seal, should start the seal oil system. Stop after the last stop in sealing system. 5.2 热油泵停运后不能立刻停止封油腔及端面密封的冷却水,应待端面密封处油温降到 80
21、 度以下时,才可以停止冷却水,以免损坏密封零件 3 ；5.2 hot oil pump shut down not immediately stop after the oil seal cavity and end face seal cooling water, should be end face seal oil temperature has dropped below 80 degrees, can stop the cooling 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - water, so as not t
22、o damage sealing parts 3. 6. 新型技术改造【4】6. New technological upgrading 【 4 】为了提高机械密封的牢靠性和寿命,降低磨损,显现了采纳新材料和新工艺的各种机械密 封技术；目前先进的机械密封应用技术主要有密封端面改形技术、掌握平稳比密封技术、组合密封技术和可控机械密封技术等,都可以转变机械密封的性能；In order to improve the reliability and life of the mechanical seal, reduce wear and tear, the adoption of new materi
23、als and new technology of all kinds of mechanical seal technology. Has the advanced mechanical seals used technology mainly have the seals to shape, control balance ratio sealing technology, combined sealing technology and controllable mechanical seal technology, etc., can change the mechanical seal
24、 performance. 下面主要介绍一下密封端面改形技术；密封端面改形技术就是通过在密封端面上开各种形 式的槽来改善端面件的润滑情形,从而实现机械密封的长寿命运行,它是当今机械密封领 域的高新技术；Here mainly introduce the seals fractal technology. Seal face to fractal technology is through the various forms of trough on seal face to improve the face lubrication conditions, so as to realize th
25、e long life of mechanical seal, it is a high and new technology in the field of mechanical seal today. 6.1 干气密封技术 5 6.1 a dry gas seal technology 5 干气密封是将开槽密封技术用于气体密封,属于非接触密封；在干气密封的一个密封环端名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 面外侧加工有匀称分布的 2.5-10um 的动压槽,当东环旋转时,流体动压槽把外侧的高压隔离气体泵入密封端面之间
26、,由外径至槽根部气膜压力逐步增加,而自槽根部至内径处气膜压力逐步下降,因端面膜压增加使所形成德尔开启力大于作用在密封环上的闭合力,在摩擦副之间形成很薄的一层气膜,从而使M 粉工作在非接触状态下,所形成的气膜完全堵塞了相对低压的密封介质泄露通道,实现了密封介质的零泄露；Dry gas seal is a slotted sealing technology used in gas sealing, belongs to the non-contact seal. On the outside of a sealing ring end face of dry gas seal processin
27、g has a uniform distribution of dynamic pressure groove of 2.5-10 um, as east ring rotates, fluid dynamic pressure groove to the outside of the high voltage isolation between gases pumped into the seals, gas film from the outside diameter to the groove root pressure increase gradually, and the groov
28、e root of air film pressure gradually decreases from the inner diameter, because the face film formed by the pressure increase del open force is greater than the effect on the sealing ring closing force, between friction pair in the formation of a thin layer of gas film, so that the rice noodles wor
29、k in non contact mode, the formation of the gas film completely blocked the relatively low pressure sealing medium leakage channel, to achieve zero leakage of sealing medium. 这种密封运行无磨损,功耗小；泄露量小,可实现零泄露；结构相对简洁,无需复杂的油 封系统,安装保护费用低；系统牢靠,可实现长周期稳固运行；The sealing run without wear and tear, low consumption ；
30、Leak quantity is small, which can realize zero leakage； Structure is relatively simple, no complicated oil seal system, the low cost of installation and maintenance ； System is reliable, which can realize stable operation for a long period of time. 干气密封端面的槽形主要分单旋向和双旋向两类；单旋向槽形只可使用于单向旋转的转动 设备,在要求的旋向下才
31、可产生开启力,如反转就产生负的开启力而可能导致密封的损 坏；但相对于双旋向的槽形,它可形成更大的开启力和气膜刚度,产生更高的稳固性而更 牢靠的防止端面接触；故在很低的转速下和较大的振动下也可使用,在目前也是使用最多 的；双向槽无旋向要求,正反转皆可使用；转子的反转不会造成密封的损坏；其使用范畴名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 较单旋向槽宽,但其稳固性、抗干扰才能较单向旋向差；Trough the main points of dry gas seal face of single screw and twin tw
32、ist to the two classes. Single screw to the trough can be used only in unidirectional rotating rotating equipment, in spin down before the requirements can produce open, such as inversion produces negative and may cause the damage of seal opening force. But relative to the twin twist to the channel,
33、 it can form a bigger opening force and film stiffness, higher stability and more reliable protection against contact face. Reason under the low speed and large vibration can also be used, in the present is the most used. A two-way channel to require irrotational, positive &negative all can use. The
34、 reversal of the rotor will not result in damage to seal. The use scope is single screw to the groove width, but its stability, anti-interference ability is ChanXiangXuan to the poor. 6.2 上游泵送密封 6.2 the upstream pumping seal 上游泵送密封的工作原理与干气密封类似,是借助密封环断面内侧开设的流体动压槽在旋 转条件下的粘性剪切作用把液体泵入密封端面之间,使液膜的压力增加并把两密
35、封端面分 开；与干气密封不同之处在于,上游泵送密封的端面液体动压槽式把由高压侧泄露至低压 侧的被密封液体重新反输志高压侧,以排除密封介质由高压侧想低压侧的泄露；Working principle of upstream pumping seal and dry gas seal, is by opening the seal ring cross section inside the fluid dynamic pressure groove under the condition of the rotation of the viscous shearing action between p
36、umping the liquid seal face, make the liquid film pressure increases and separate the two seal face； Differs, dry gas seal and upstream pumping seal end of fluid dynamic pressure groove reveal your is composed of high voltage side to low voltage side of the sealed fluid to lose ambition high side, i
37、n order to eliminate the sealing medium is composed of high voltage side to low voltage side of the leak. 6.3 端面开深槽流体静压型机械密封名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 6.3 face deep groove type hydrostatic mechanical seal 端面开深槽流体静压型机械密封是在密封端面上开出几组深度达几毫M 的凹槽或孔和压力介质引入孔,将密封流体或外界润滑流体引入密封端面,
38、从而对密封端面进行充分润滑和 冷却；在结构上有自加压凹槽式和外加压凹槽式等；自加压凹槽式在非旋转的外周开如干 个小孔并与端面开出的环形凹槽相通,从而将被密封的压力介质引入密封端面；外加压凹 槽式非旋转环圆周外的小孔不与密封介质相通,而与外界起润滑作用的流体源相通,将外 界流体引入密封端面进行润滑和冷却；端面开深槽流体静压型机械密封,由于压力介质引 入端面,平稳了闭合力,从而使两端面分开成为非接触型机械密封,尽管泄漏量比较大,一般为每小时几百毫升,远大于常规机械密封泄漏量,但仍广泛用于高压、高速、高温等 一般机械密封难于胜任的工况；Face deep groove type hydrostati
39、c mechanical seal is on the seal face a few group of groove depth of a few millimeters or holes and pressure medium into the hole, the seal fluid or external lubrication fluid is introduced into the seals, and thus sufficient lubrication and cooling of the seals. In structure with the pressure groov
40、e and pressure groove outside, etc. Since the pressure groove type several small opening in the non-rotating peripheral and and end face of the ring grooves are interlinked, thus introducing the pressure of seal medium sealing end surface； Outside pressure groove type of rotating ring circumferentia
41、l outer holes and sealing medium are interlinked, and lubrication fluid source communicates with the outside world, introducing the fluid seals for lubrication and cooling. Face deep groove type hydrostatic mechanical seal, because of the pressure medium is face, balance the closing force, so that t
42、wo separate become a non-contact type mechanical seal, despite leakage is larger, general hundred milliliters per hour, far more than the conventional mechanical seal leakage, but it is still widely used in ordinary mechanical seal of high pressure, high speed and high temperature, working condition
43、 is difficult to do it. 为了揭示机械密封有关规律,提高机械密封端面参数测试的牢靠性与讨论是关键；纳M 材料的特别性能有助于改善机械密封端面间润滑状态,开发纳M 材料机械密封和应用纳M冲洗液将是机械密封讨论的近期目标；随着体会的完善和技术的进展,机械密封将越来越名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 成熟,逐步走向零泄露,长期稳固运行；In order to reveal the mechanical seal related laws, improve the reliability of par
44、ameters of mechanical seal face test and research is the key. Special properties of nanomaterials is helpful to improve the lubrication condition between the mechanical seal face, development of nano-materials mechanical seal mechanical seal research and application of nano rinses will be short-term goals. With the improvement of the experience and the development of technology, mechanical seal will be more and more mature, step by step towards zero leakage, long-term stable operation. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 10 页