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1、精品学习资源机械密封的性能及新型技术改造中英文翻译Mechanicalseal performance and a new technicalinnovationinbothChinese and English translation关键词：机械密封；性能；留意事项；先进密封技术Key words: mechanical seals； Performance； Matters needing attention ； Advanced sealing technology摘要：论文分析机械密封工作的基本原理，并且探讨在各个环节中怎样提高机械密封的性能和留意事项，简要介绍几种先进密封技术；Abs
2、tract: the paper analyses the basic principle of mechanical seal, and discusses how to improve the performance of mechanical seals in each linkand the matters needing attention, several advanced seal technology are briefly introduced.由于传动轴贯穿在设备内外，这样轴与设备之间存在一个圆周间隙，设备中的介质通过该间隙向外泄露，假如设备内压力低于大气压，就空气向设备内
3、泄露，因此必需有一个阻挡泄露的轴封装置；轴封的种类很多，由于机械密封具有泄漏量少和寿命长等优点，所以是当今世界上最主要的轴密封方式；Due to the drive shaft through both inside and outside the equipment, so there is a circumferential clearance between shaft and equipment, equipment of medium leak out through the gap, if the device internal pressure below atmospheric
4、 pressure, the air to leak inside equipment, so there must be a stop leaking of shaft seal device. Many different kinds of shaft seal, mechanical seal has the advantages of less leakage and long service life, so is the main shaft seal wayin the world today.机械密封主要是通过一系列零件将径向密封转化为轴向密封，在弹簧和介质压力共同作用下，对由
5、于设备运行所造成的轴向磨损可以准时补偿，使轴向密封始终保持贴合；其密封性能和使用寿命取决于很多因素，如选型、机器的精度以及在安装、启动前、运行和停运后的保护操作等【 1】；欢迎下载精品学习资源Mainly through a series of mechanical seal parts axial radial seal can be converted to seal, in the spring and medium pressure, under the function of the equipment operation caused by the axial wear can t
6、imely compensation, make the axial seal always stay fit. The sealing performance and service life depends on many factors, such as type selection, the precision of the machine, and before the installation, start-up, operation and shut down after the maintenance operation, etc. 1.1. 选型1. The selectio
7、n of机械密封按工作条件和介质性质的不同，有耐高温、耐低温机械密封，耐颗粒介质机械密封和适应易汽化的轻质烃介质的机械密封等，应依据不同的用处选取不同结构型式和材料的机械密封；在安装与使用中要依据机械密封的要求挑选机器的精度，按转轴的旋一直挑选弹簧的左、右旋；Mechanical seal according to the working conditions and the properties of medium, there are high temperature resistant, resistant to low temperature mechanical seal, gran
8、ular medium resistance of mechanical seal and adapt easy vaporization of light hydrocarbon medium mechanical seal, etc., shouldchoose differentaccordingto differentuse ofthe structuraltype and materialsof mechanical seal. Inthe installationand use to select accordingtothe requirementofthe mechanical
9、 seal the precision of the machine, according to the axis of rotation always choose spring left and right hand.2. 安装【 2】2. Install 【 2 】安装方法随机械密封型式、机器的种类不同而有所不同，但其安装要领几乎都相同，安装步骤和留意事项如下：欢迎下载精品学习资源Installation method according to the mechanical seal type and the type of machine is different, but the i
10、nstallation essentials are almost the same, the installation steps and matters needing attention are as follows:2.1 安装尺寸的正确确定；2.1 installation of right determine size.2.2 装入前，轴（轴套）、压盖应无毛刺，轴承状况良好；密封件、轴、密封腔、压盖都应当清洗洁净；为削减摩擦阻力，轴上安装机械密封的部位要薄薄地涂上一层油，以进行润 滑，考虑到橡胶O 形圈的相溶性，如不宜用油，可涂肥皂水；浮装式静环不带防转销的结构，不宜涂油，应干式装
11、入压盖；2.2 prior to loading, axial collar, gland should be no burr, bearing in good condition； Seal, shaft, sealing cavity, gland should be cleaned. In order to reduce frictional resistance, and shaft installedon mechanical seal parts to thin coated with oil, for lubrication, considering the intermisci
12、bility of rubber o-ring, if not oil, can besmear soap and water. Without a stop pin float mounted static ring structure, not oil, should be dry load a gland.2.3 先将静环与压盖一起装在轴上，留意不要与轴相碰，然后将动环组件装入；弹簧座或传动座的紧定螺钉应分几次匀称拧紧；2.3 to static ring mounted on the shaft with gland, be careful not to into the shaft,
13、 then load ring components. Spring bridge or transmission of evenly tighten the set screws should be several times.3. 启动前的预备工作及留意事项3. Before the start of the preparation work and the matters needing attention欢迎下载精品学习资源3.1 全面检查机械密封，机械密封启动前进行静压试验，检查是否有泄漏现象；3.1 overall check mechanical seal, mechanical
14、 seal before the start of hydrostatictest, check whether there is leakage phenomenon.3.2 启动前应保持密封腔内布满液体；对于输送凝固的介质时，应用蒸气将密封腔加热使介质熔化按泵旋向盘车，检查是否轻快匀称；如盘车吃力或不动时，就应检查装配尺寸是否错误，安装是否合理；3.2 before the start of sealed cavity filled with liquid shall be maintained. For solidification of the medium, the applicat
15、ion of steam seal chamber heating melt medium according to the pump rotate to turning, check whether the light evenly. Such as turning demanding or not move, should check whether assembly size error, installation is reasonable.4. 运行中的保护4. The running maintenance4.1 当输送介质温度偏高、过低、或含有杂质颗粒、易燃、易爆、有毒时，必需实
16、行相应的阻封、冲洗、冷却、过滤等措施；4.1 whenthe temperature ofthe mediumtohigh,low,orcontainingimpurityparticles, inflammable, explosive, toxic, must adopt corresponding resistance sealing and flushing, cooling, filtering and other measures.4.2 运转前用手盘车，留意转矩是否过大，有无擦碰及不正常的声音；4.2 before turning by hand operation, pay a
17、ttention to whether the torque is too big, any scratch and abnormal sound.欢迎下载精品学习资源4.3 留意旋向，联轴器是否对中，轴承部位的润滑油加法是否适当，配管是否正确；4.3 turn to pay attention to, and whether the coupling of, the bearing parts of the lubricating oil additive is appropriate, piping is correct.4.4 运转前第一将介质、冷却水阀门打开，检查密封腔内的气体是否全排
18、出，防止静压引起泄漏，然后开机运行；4.4 before the first operation will be medium, the cooling water valve is open, check the gas in the sealed cavity is completely discharge, to prevent leaks by static pressure, and then switched on.4.5 开车后是否正常稳固，有无因轴转动引起的反常转矩，以及反常响声和过热现象；4.5 is normal after driving stability, have
19、without shaft turning caused by abnormal torque, as well as the abnormal noise and overheating.5. 停运5. Stop5.1 对于用泵外封油系统的机械密封，应先启动封油系统；停车后最终停止封油系统；5.1 with WaiFeng oil pump system of mechanical seal, should start the seal oil system. Stop after the last stop in sealing system.5.2 热油泵停运后不能立刻停止封油腔及端面密
20、封的冷却水，应待端面密封处油温降到80度以下时，才可以停止冷却水，以免损坏密封零件3 ；5.2 hot oil pump shut down not immediately stop after the oil seal cavity and end face seal cooling water, should be end face seal oil temperature has dropped below 80 degrees, can stop the cooling欢迎下载精品学习资源water, so as not to damage sealing parts 3.6. 新型技
21、术改造【4】6. New technological upgrading【 4 】为了提高机械密封的牢靠性和寿命，降低磨损，显现了采纳新材料和新工艺的各种机械密封技术；目前先进的机械密封应用技术主要有密封端面改形技术、掌握平稳比密封技术、组合密封技术和可控机械密封技术等，都可以转变机械密封的性能；In order to improve the reliabilityand lifeof the mechanical seal, reduce wear and tear, the adoption of new materials and new technology of all kinds
22、of mechanical seal technology. Has the advanced mechanical seals used technology mainly have the seals to shape, control balance ratio sealing technology, combined sealing technology and controllable mechanical seal technology, etc., can change the mechanical seal performance.下面主要介绍一下密封端面改形技术；密封端面改形
23、技术就是通过在密封端面上开各种形式的槽来改善端面件的润滑情形，从而实现机械密封的长寿命运行，它是当今机械密封领域的高新技术；Here mainly introduce the seals fractal technology. Seal face to fractal technology is through the various forms of trough on seal face to improve the face lubrication conditions, so as to realize the long life of mechanical seal, it is a
24、 high and new technology in the field of mechanical seal today.6.1 干气密封技术 56.1 a dry gas seal technology 5干气密封是将开槽密封技术用于气体密封，属于非接触密封；在干气密封的一个密封环端欢迎下载精品学习资源面外侧加工有匀称分布的2.5-10um 的动压槽，当东环旋转时，流体动压槽把外侧的高压隔离气体泵入密封端面之间，由外径至槽根部气膜压力逐步增加，而自槽根部至内径处气膜压力逐步下降，因端面膜压增加使所形成德尔开启力大于作用在密封环上的闭合力，在摩擦副之间形成很薄的一层气膜，从而使M 粉工作在
25、非接触状态下，所形成的气膜完全堵塞了相对低压的密封介质泄露通道，实现了密封介质的零泄露；Dry gas seal is a slotted sealing technology used in gas sealing, belongs to the non-contact seal. On the outside of a sealing ring end face of dry gas seal processing has a uniform distribution of dynamic pressure groove of 2.5-10 um, as east ring rotates
26、, fluid dynamic pressure groove to theoutside of the high voltage isolationbetween gases pumped into the seals, gas filmfrom theoutside diameter to the groove root pressure increase gradually, and the groove root of air film pressure gradually decreases from the inner diameter, because the face film
27、 formed by the pressure increase del open force is greater than the effect on the sealing ring closing force, between friction pair in the formation of a thin layer of gas film, so that the rice noodles work in non contact mode, the formationof the gas filmcompletelyblocked the relativelylowpressure
28、 sealing medium leakage channel, to achieve zero leakage of sealing medium.这种密封运行无磨损，功耗小；泄露量小，可实现零泄露；结构相对简洁，无需复杂的油封系统，安装保护费用低；系统牢靠，可实现长周期稳固运行；The sealing run withoutwear and tear, low consumption ； Leak quantity is small, which can realize zero leakage ； Structure is relatively simple, no complicate
29、d oil seal system, the low costof installation and maintenance ； System is reliable, which can realize stable operation for a long period of time.干气密封端面的槽形主要分单旋向和双旋向两类；单旋向槽形只可使用于单向旋转的转动设备，在要求的旋向下才可产生开启力，如反转就产生负的开启力而可能导致密封的损 坏；但相对于双旋向的槽形，它可形成更大的开启力和气膜刚度，产生更高的稳固性而更牢靠的防止端面接触；故在很低的转速下和较大的振动下也可使用，在目前也是使用
30、最多的；双向槽无旋向要求，正反转皆可使用；转子的反转不会造成密封的损坏；其使用范畴欢迎下载精品学习资源较单旋向槽宽，但其稳固性、抗干扰才能较单向旋向差；Trough the main points of dry gas seal face of single screw and twin twist to the two classes. Single screw to the trough can be used only in unidirectional rotating rotating equipment, in spin down before the requirements c
31、an produce open, such as inversion produces negative and may cause the damage of seal opening force. But relative to the twin twist to the channel, it can form a bigger opening force and filmstiffness, higher stabilityand more reliableprotectionagainst contact face. Reason under the low speed and la
32、rge vibration can also be used, in the present is the most used. A two-way channel to require irrotational, positive &negative all can use. The reversalof the rotor will not result in damage to seal. The use scope is single screw to the groove width, but its stability, anti-interference ability is C
33、hanXiangXuan to the poor.6.2 上游泵送密封6.2 the upstream pumping seal上游泵送密封的工作原理与干气密封类似，是借助密封环断面内侧开设的流体动压槽在旋转条件下的粘性剪切作用把液体泵入密封端面之间，使液膜的压力增加并把两密封端面分开；与干气密封不同之处在于，上游泵送密封的端面液体动压槽式把由高压侧泄露至低压侧的被密封液体重新反输志高压侧，以排除密封介质由高压侧想低压侧的泄露；Working principle of upstream pumping seal and dry gas seal, is by opening the seal
34、ring cross section inside the fluid dynamic pressure groove under the condition of the rotation of the viscous shearing action between pumping the liquid seal face, make the liquid film pressure increases andseparate the two seal face； Differs, dry gas seal and upstream pumping seal end of fluid dyn
35、amic pressure groove reveal your is composed of high voltage side to lowvoltage side of the sealedfluidto lose ambition high side, in order to eliminate the sealing medium is composed of high voltage side to low voltage side of the leak.6.3 端面开深槽流体静压型机械密封欢迎下载精品学习资源6.3 face deep groove type hydrostat
36、ic mechanical seal端面开深槽流体静压型机械密封是在密封端面上开出几组深度达几毫 M 的凹槽或孔和压力介质引入孔，将密封流体或外界润滑流体引入密封端面，从而对密封端面进行充分润滑和冷却；在结构上有自加压凹槽式和外加压凹槽式等；自加压凹槽式在非旋转的外周开如干个小孔并与端面开出的环形凹槽相通，从而将被密封的压力介质引入密封端面；外加压凹槽式非旋转环圆周外的小孔不与密封介质相通，而与外界起润滑作用的流体源相通，将外界流体引入密封端面进行润滑和冷却；端面开深槽流体静压型机械密封，由于压力介质引入端面，平稳了闭合力，从而使两端面分开成为非接触型机械密封，尽管泄漏量比较大， 一般为每小时
37、几百毫升，远大于常规机械密封泄漏量，但仍广泛用于高压、高速、高温等一般机械密封难于胜任的工况；Face deep groove type hydrostatic mechanical seal is on the seal face a few group of groove depth of a few millimetersor holes and pressure medium intothe hole, the seal fluidor external lubrication fluid is introduced into the seals, and thus sufficien
38、t lubrication and cooling of the seals.In structure with the pressure groove and pressure groove outside, etc. Since the pressure groove type several small opening in the non-rotating peripheral and and end face of the ring grooves are interlinked, thus introducing the pressure of seal medium sealin
39、g end surface； Outside pressure groove type of rotating ring circumferential outer holes and sealing medium are interlinked, andlubricationfluidsource communicates withthe outside world,introducingthe fluidseals for lubricationand cooling.Face deep groove type hydrostaticmechanical seal, because of
40、the pressure medium is face, balance the closing force, so that two separate become a non-contact type mechanical seal, despite leakage is larger, general hundred milliliters per hour, far more than the conventional mechanical seal leakage, but it is still widely used in ordinary mechanical seal of
41、high pressure, high speed and high temperature, working condition is difficult to do it.为了揭示机械密封有关规律 ,提高机械密封端面参数测试的牢靠性与讨论是关键；纳 M 材料的特别性能有助于改善机械密封端面间润滑状态，开发纳 M 材料机械密封和应用纳 M 冲洗液将是机械密封讨论的近期目标；随着体会的完善和技术的进展，机械密封将越来越欢迎下载精品学习资源成熟，逐步走向零泄露，长期稳固运行；In order to reveal the mechanical seal related laws, improvet
42、he reliabilityof parameters of mechanical seal face test and research is the key. Special properties of nanomaterials is helpful to improvethe lubricationconditionbetween the mechanical seal face, development ofnano- materials mechanical seal mechanical seal research and application of nano rinses will be short- termgoals. Withthe improvementofthe experienceand the developmentoftechnology, mechanical seal willbe more and more mature, step by step towards zero leakage, long-term stable operation.欢迎下载