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1、Period 3Grammar&Writing2021/8/11 星期三12021/8/11 星期三2.定义定义直直接接引引述述别别人人的的原原话话叫叫直直接接引引语语；用用自自己己的的话话转转述述别别人人的的话话叫叫间间接接引引语语。间间接引接引语语在多数情况下构成在多数情况下构成宾语宾语从句。从句。直直接接引引语语如如果果改改为为间间接接引引语语，须须在在语语序序、人人称称、时时态态、状状语语、个个别别指示代指示代词词和和动词动词等方面做相等方面做相应应的的变变化。化。2021/8/11 星期三3.几个方面的变化几个方面的变化1句型变化句型变化(1)请请观观察下列句子：察下列句子：She
2、said，“I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do.”(课课文文原原句句)She said(that)she didnt want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people did.He said，“I saw her last night.”He said that he had seen her the night before.2021/8/11 星期三4归归纳纳总总结结：如如果果直直接接引引语语是是陈陈述述句句，变变
3、为为间间接接引引语语时时，应应将将直直接接引引语语改改为为用用that引引导导的的宾宾语语从从句句，而而且且在在不不引引起起歧歧义义时时that可可以以省省略略。此此时语时语序不序不变变。(2)请观请观察下列句子：察下列句子：He said，“Are you ready？”He asked(us)if we were ready.Mr.Green said to Jane，“Have you finished your homework？”Mr.Green asked Jane whether she had finished her homework.2021/8/11 星期三5归纳总结：归
4、纳总结：如如果直接引果直接引语为语为一般疑一般疑问问句句，变为间变为间接引接引语时语时，须须用用连连接接词词whether或或if引引导导，使其成，使其成为宾语为宾语从句。如果主句中的从句。如果主句中的谓语动谓语动词为词为said，则则将其改将其改为为asked。如果。如果谓语动词谓语动词后没有后没有间间接接宾语宾语，也，也可以加上一个可以加上一个间间接接宾语宾语me，him，her，us或或them等。等。2021/8/11 星期三6(3)请观请观察下列句子：察下列句子：She said to Tom，“How are you feeling now？”She asked Tom how h
5、e was feeling then.“What will you do on Saturday morning？”my teacher asked me.My teacher asked me what I would do on Saturday morning.归归纳纳总总结结：如如果果直直接接引引语语是是特特殊殊疑疑问问句句，仍仍用用特特殊殊疑疑问问句句中中的的疑疑问问词词作作为为连连接接词词引引出出间间接接引引语语中中的的宾宾语语从从句句，但但须须将将疑疑问问语语序序改改为为陈陈述述语语序。序。2021/8/11 星期三72时态的变化时态的变化若若主主句句谓谓语语动动词词为为现现在在
6、时时态态，则则从从句句的的时时态态不不需需变变化化，若若主主句句谓谓语语动动词词为为过过去去时时态态，则则间间接接引引语语从从句句的的时时态态变变为为相相应应的的过过去去某某种种时时态态，一般一般为为向前推一个向前推一个时态时态。2021/8/11 星期三8例句例句She said，“I need a calculator.”She said that she needed a calculator.Jim said，“Im expecting a longdistance call.”Jim said that he was expecting a longdistance call.Nan
7、cy said，“Ill call again later.”Nancy said that she would call again later.He said，“I took it home with me.”He said that he had taken it home with him.Paul said，“Our team has won the match.”Paul said that their team had won the match.He said，“I had finished my homework before supper.”He said that he
8、had finished his homework before supper.2021/8/11 星期三9观观察上面的例句不察上面的例句不难发现难发现如下如下规规律：律：一般一般现现在在时时一般一般过过去去时时一般一般过过去去时时过过去完成去完成时时一般将来一般将来时时过过去将来去将来时时现现在在进进行行时时过过去去进进行行时时现现在完成在完成时时过过去完成去完成时时过过去完成去完成时时过过去完成去完成时时但是直接引但是直接引语语属于下面的情况，属于下面的情况，变为间变为间接引接引语时时态语时时态不作改不作改变变。2021/8/11 星期三10(1)主句的主句的谓语动词为现谓语动词为现在或将
9、来在或将来时态时态，从句的，从句的时态时态无需无需变变化。化。aHe says，“Im tired.”He says that he is tired.bHe will say，“Tom was lazy.”He will tell you that Tom was lazy.(2)当当直直接接引引语语是是客客观观真真理理时时，不不受受时时间间限限制制，因因此此不不需需要要变变化化时时态态。Our geography teacher said to us，“The earth goes round the sun.”Our geography teacher told us that the
10、earth goes round the sun.2021/8/11 星期三11(3)直直接接引引语语是是一一般般过过去去时时，并并且且和和具具体体的的过过去去时时间间连连用用，时时态态不不作改作改变变。She said，“I was born in 1978”She said that she was born in 1978.(4)when，while，since等等引引导导的的时时间间状状语语从从句句变变为为间间接接引引语语时时，只只改改变变主句的主句的时态时态，从句的，从句的时态时态不不变变。He said，“It is many years since he came to live
11、 here.”He said that it was many years since he came to live there.2021/8/11 星期三12(5)直直接接引引语语中中含含有有某某些些情情态态动动词词时时，间间接接引引语语可可用用原原来来形形式式，也也可用其他情可用其他情态动词态动词表示，但要注意保持原来的意表示，但要注意保持原来的意义义。He said，“You must be very fond of art.”He said that I must be very fond of art.2021/8/11 星期三133指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化指
12、示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化例句例句指指示示代代词词She said，“She is coming this week.”She said that she was coming that week.He said，“These books are mine.”He said those books were his.2021/8/11 星期三14时时间间状状语语He said，“Its ten oclock now.”He said that it was ten oclock then.He said，“I havent seen her today.”He said th
13、at he hadnt seen her that day.She said，“Ill come again tonight.”She said that she would go again that night.He said，“This happened yesterday.”He said that had happened the day before.She said，“I arrived two days ago.”She said that she had arrived two days before.2021/8/11 星期三15时时间间状状语语She said，“Hell
14、 be back tomorrow.”She said that he would be back the next day.She said，“Ill do it next week.”She said that she would do it the next week.地点地点状状语语She said，“He came here to see Tom.”She said that he had gone there to see Tom.动词动词He said，“I brought it home with me.”He said he had taken it home with hi
15、m.2021/8/11 星期三16观观察以上的例句可知下列察以上的例句可知下列变变化：化：指示代指示代词词：thisthatthesethose时间时间状状语语：nowthentodaythat daytonightthat nightyesterdaythe day beforelast week/monththe week/month beforethree days agothree days beforetomorrowthe next daynext weekthe next week2021/8/11 星期三17地点状地点状语语：herethere方向性方向性动词动词：comego
16、bringtake注注意意：以以上上这这些些变变化化，要要根根据据说说话话的的具具体体时时间间和和具具体体地地点点而而定定，不不可可机机械械照照搬搬。如如果果就就在在当当地地转转述述，here就就不不必必改改为为there，come也也不不必必改改为为go；如如果果是是在在当当天天转转述述，yesterday或或tomorrow等等的的时时间间状状语语也不必改也不必改变变。2021/8/11 星期三184人称代词的变化人称代词的变化(1)“一一随随主主”。若若直直接接引引语语中中有有第第一一人人称称，变变间间接接引引语语时时应应与与主主句句中主中主语语的人称相一致。的人称相一致。(2)“二二随
17、随宾宾”。若若直直接接引引语语中中有有第第二二人人称称，变变间间接接引引语语时时应应与与主主句句中中宾语宾语的人称相一致。的人称相一致。(3)“第第三三人人称称不不更更新新”。直直接接引引语语中中的的第第三三人人称称变变间间接接引引语语时时不不需需要要变变化。化。直接引直接引语语间间接引接引语语人称人称Ihe(she)wetheyhe，she，it，theyhe，she，it，they2021/8/11 星期三19例：例：“Ill let you know as soon as I get the tickets，”he told me.He told me that he would let
18、 me know as soon as he got the tickets.2021/8/11 星期三20.将直接引语转换为间接引语将直接引语转换为间接引语1He says,“I had a good time last night.”He says _.2She will say,“I have done my best in the work.”She will say _in the work.3“Did you meet each other while you were in high school？”he asked us.He asked us _each other whil
19、e _.2021/8/11 星期三214“Stop making so much noise,children，”he said._making so much noise.5“The moon moves around the earth，”the astronomer said.The astronomer _.6“Where have you been these days？”my mother asked.My mother asked me _.答答案案1.he had a good time the night before2.she has done her best3.whet
20、her we had met;we were in high school4.He told the children to stop 5.said the moon moves around the earth6.where I had been those days2021/8/11 星期三22.单项填空单项填空1Li Hua asked the teacher _she could do an experiment in the chemistry lab or not.Athat Bwhether Cwhen Dwhere解析解析由句意及由句意及or not判断选判断选B。答案答案B2
21、021/8/11 星期三232He asked _for the computer.Adid I pay how muchBI paid how muchChow much did I payDhow much I paid解析解析间接引语用陈述语序，间接引语用陈述语序，how much应位于间接引语的开头。应位于间接引语的开头。答案答案D2021/8/11 星期三243He asked me when _meet Tom the next day.AI would Bwould ICyou will Dwould you解解析析“他他问问我我第第二二天天是是在在什什么么时时候候见见到到汤汤姆
22、姆的的”。由由me判判断断，间间接接引引语语的的主主语语用用I，直直接接引引语语为为特特殊殊疑疑问问句句变变为为间间接接引引语语要要用用陈陈述述语序。语序。答案答案A2021/8/11 星期三254The history teacher told them that the Chinese Communist Party _founded on July 1 st,1921.Awas Bhad been Cis Dhas been解析解析句中有明确的时间状语句中有明确的时间状语on July 1st,1921，故用一般过去时。，故用一般过去时。答案答案A2021/8/11 星期三265As s
23、oon as he comes back,Ill tell him when _and see him.Ayou will come Bwill you comeCyou come Ddo you come解解析析when引引导导的的从从句句是是tell的的直直接接宾宾语语，应应用用陈陈述述语语序序，且且从从句句表示将来的动作，故用表示将来的动作，故用A。答案答案A2021/8/11 星期三272021/8/11 星期三282021/8/11 星期三292确确定定体体裁裁、时时态态、人人称称。本本文文所所写写书书信信应应用用第第一一人人称称来来写写；书书信信的的主主体体部部分分应应用用过过去去
24、时时，因因为为涉涉及及李李磊磊过过去去已已做做过过的的事事情情，但但也也将自己将自己对对他的做法他的做法发发表看法，表看法，应应用一般用一般现现在在时时。第二步：提炼要点第二步：提炼要点1有有时时，为为了和朋友玩，你甚至不上了和朋友玩，你甚至不上课课。有有时时_为为了了 _上上课课 _2021/8/11 星期三302作作为为你的朋友，我你的朋友，我为为你担你担忧忧。作作为为你的朋友你的朋友_担担忧忧_3真正的朋友不会真正的朋友不会让让你去做坏事。你去做坏事。真正的朋友真正的朋友_做坏事做坏事_4是你是你该该想一想想一想这这个个问题问题的的时时候了。候了。是是的的时时候了候了_想一想想一想这这个
25、个问题问题_2021/8/11 星期三31答案答案1.sometimes/at times/now and thenin order to/so as tohave/attend classes2.being/as one of your best friendsbe worried about/be anxious about/be concerned for3.true friendsdo something wrong4.Its time for sb to do sth/Its time that you did/should do sththink about the problem
26、2021/8/11 星期三32第三步：扩点成句第三步：扩点成句1Im writing to you because I think I have something really serious to communicate with you.2Sometimes,you even didnt have classes in order to play with your friends.3Being one of your best friends,Im very worried about you.4Its time for you to think about the problem I
27、 talked about above.2021/8/11 星期三33第四步：连句成篇第四步：连句成篇【参考范文】【参考范文】Dear Li Lei，I am writing to you because I think I have something really serious to communicate with you.I noticed that recently you often went to the Internet Bar and the Game Center together with several friends.Sometimes,you even didnt
28、 have classes in order to play with your friends.Being one of your best friends,_Im very worried about you.Friends play an important part in ones life.We have to choose our friends carefully.True friends will never ask us to do something wrong.I dont think the friends around you are your true friend
29、s.2021/8/11 星期三34Its time for you to think about the problem I talked about above.And I do hope you will make a wise decision soon.Yours，Wang Wei2021/8/11 星期三35【写作模板】【写作模板】TopicDateDear_，Im so glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on _.Here are a few suggestions.First,it is important to _
30、，as youll _.Then,it also helps _.Furthermore,it should be a good idea to _，because _.You can also _.Im quite sure that _.Please _next time.Best wishes，Sincerely yours，Signature2021/8/11 星期三36一、常见同音异形一、常见同音异形(义义)词词(1)同音异形同音异形(义义)词词区别与应用区别与应用Ah,its a secret！啊，啊，这这是秘密！是秘密！Are you Lin Tao？你是林涛吗？你是林涛吗？20
31、21/8/11 星期三372021/8/11 星期三382021/8/11 星期三39Would you please buy me a pen？请请你替我你替我买买一支一支钢钢笔好笔好吗吗？Oh,I usually come by bus.哦，我通常乘公共汽车来。哦，我通常乘公共汽车来。There is a house by the river.河边有座房河边有座房子。子。English is spoken as the first language by most people in the USA.在美国，大多数人都把英语作为第一语在美国，大多数人都把英语作为第一语言。言。A：Thank
32、 you.Goodbye！B：Bye！A：谢谢，再见！：谢谢，再见！B：再见：再见2021/8/11 星期三402021/8/11 星期三412021/8/11 星期三422021/8/11 星期三43二、名师导学二、名师导学艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线对英语学习的启示艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线对英语学习的启示下下图图是是德德国国心心理理学学家家(Hermann Ebbinghaus)于于1885年年根根据据他他的的实实验验结结果果绘绘成成的的描描述述遗遗忘忘进进程程的的曲曲线线，即即著著名名的的艾艾宾宾浩浩斯斯记记忆忆遗遗忘忘曲曲线线(The Ebbinghaus Forgetting Curve)。2021/8/11 星期三442021/8/11 星期三45