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1、Grammar名词性从句名词性从句2021/8/11 星期三1Noun Clausessubjective clause主语从句主语从句objective clause宾语从句宾语从句predicative clause表语从句表语从句appositive clause同位语从句同位语从句2021/8/11 星期三2 名词性从句名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句句、表语从句 、宾语从句和同位语从句。、宾语从句和同位语从句。1.What it was
2、 to become was a mystery.2.I dont know who will help Henry to win the bet.3.His trouble is that he doesnt know anybody in London.4.The fact that ships can go there surprises many people.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句2021/8/11 星期三31 1、宾语从句、宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用，可以作动词的宾语，宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介
3、词的宾语。引导宾语从句词有也可以作介词的宾语。引导宾语从句词有连词连词thatthat，ifif，whetherwhether；连接代词连接代词whowho，whosewhose，whatwhat，whichwhich；连接连接副词副词whenwhen，wherewhere，howhow，why why等。等。e.g.(1)I think(that)women can reach very high achievements in many fields of science.2)I wonder whether/if she remembered how many babies she ha
4、d delivered.3)Do you know who/whom Jack was speaking to?2021/8/11 星期三4总结:2.2.注意点注意点1).宾语从句一律用陈述句的语序宾语从句一律用陈述句的语序.2).引导宾语从句的连词引导宾语从句的连词that也无实际意义也无实际意义,多数多数 情况下可以省略情况下可以省略.3).whether和和if都可以引导宾语从句都可以引导宾语从句但但:(1).当当whether后紧跟后紧跟or not时时,不用不用if.(2).介词后面介词后面的宾语从句的宾语从句不能用不能用if.例例:I worry about whether I h
5、urt her feeling.1.1.宾语从句的引导词宾语从句的引导词:宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词相同宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词相同.例例:I dont know whether I will stay or not.2021/8/11 星期三54).that在宾语从句中的省略与保留在宾语从句中的省略与保留 由连词由连词and连接的两个由连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中引导的宾语从句中,第第一个一个that 可以省略可以省略,第二第二that不能省不能省.He told me(that)he would come and that he would come on
6、 time.2021/8/11 星期三6e.g.Tom is no longer what he used to be.The question is which of us should come first.The problem is who is really fit for the hard job.The important thing is whose name should be put on the top of the list.2 2、表语从句、表语从句表语从句在复合句中起表语作用表语从句在复合句中起表语作用.引导宾语从句词有引导宾语从句词有连词连词thatthat，wh
7、at,which,who,whom,whosewhat,which,who,whom,whose等等.除在句子中除在句子中起连接作用外，还可在从句中从当主语、表语、定语，起连接作用外，还可在从句中从当主语、表语、定语，且各有各的词义。且各有各的词义。2021/8/11 星期三72.注意点1).表语从句一律用陈述句的语序表语从句一律用陈述句的语序.2).表语从句的引导词表语从句的引导词that无实际意义无实际意义,但不能省略但不能省略.3).表语从句只能用表语从句只能用whether,而不能用而不能用if 引导引导.What many people are worried about is wh
8、ether we will be able to build a better future.The reason why he was late this morning is because that there was a lot of traffic on the road.The reason why+句子 be that+从句.for+名词今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多.错误错误2021/8/11 星期三8The reason why he was late this morning is that there was a lot of
9、 traffic on the road.或 This/it/that/is because+从句等句型.He was late this morning.That was because there was a lot of traffic on the road.2021/8/11 星期三93 3、主语从句、主语从句做主语用的名词性从句，因其在复合句中做主语，又称做主语用的名词性从句，因其在复合句中做主语，又称主语从句，引导主语从句的有主语从句，引导主语从句的有连词连词that that，whetherwhether，连连接代词接代词who who，what what，whichwhich
10、，连接副词连接副词whenwhen，wherewhere，howhow，why why等。等。e.g.That she left him cut him to the heart.What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.Whether it will please them is not easy to say.2021/8/11 星期三102.总结:1).主语从句一律用陈述句语序主语从句一律用陈述句语序,即主语在前即主语在前,谓谓 语在后语在后.2).连接词连接词that在从句中在从句中无实际意义无实际意义,起引导作用
11、起引导作用,不作任何成分不作任何成分,但不能省略但不能省略.When will he come is not known.错误错误When he will come is not known.He will not come to the meeting this evening is true.错误错误That he will not come to the meeting this evening is true.但是但是 what is the matter 和和 what is wrong 不可改变语序不可改变语序 2021/8/11 星期三113).whether可以引导主语从句可以
12、引导主语从句 解释为解释为”是否是否”,但但if不能不能.4).whoever,whatever,whichever等词可以引导主语从句等词可以引导主语从句,但但no matter who,no matter what 等不能等不能,它们只能引它们只能引导让步状语从句导让步状语从句.5).为避免主语冗长为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻句子头重脚轻,经常用经常用it作形式主语作形式主语,主语从句主语从句放在后面作真正的主语放在后面作真正的主语.例例:It is well known/reported/thought/said/that It is clear/necessary/certain/tr
13、ue/doubtful/that It is a pity/a shame/an honour/that It doesnt matter whether/It seems that It happens that2021/8/11 星期三124 4、同位语从句、同位语从句同位语从句属于名词性从句，大多由同位语从句属于名词性从句，大多由从属连词从属连词thatthat引导，引导，常常跟在常常跟在fact,news,idea,thought,question,fact,news,idea,thought,question,reply,report,remark,hope,beliefreply,
14、report,remark,hope,belief等名词后面。同等名词后面。同位语从句一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内位语从句一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容，在逻辑上表现为同为关系。容，在逻辑上表现为同为关系。e.g.They are familiar with the opinion that all matter consists of atoms.Where did you get the idea that I could not come.The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule should
15、be adopted.2021/8/11 星期三13注意注意1.that引导的同位语从句前面的名词常见的引导的同位语从句前面的名词常见的有有:idea,fact,news,belief,thought,doubt,suggestion,proof,message,order,conclusion,desire,theory,truth,word,hope,information等等.2.that 在从句中只是起引导作用在从句中只是起引导作用,不作任不作任何成分何成分.2021/8/11 星期三141.I have always been honest and straightforward,a
16、nd it doesnt matter _that Im talking to.(2004年广东省卷年广东省卷)A.who is it B.who it is C.it is who D.it is whom 高考链接【试析】试析】这个句子是一个由这个句子是一个由and连接的并列句。连接的并列句。And后是一个含有后是一个含有主语从句的结构，其主句部分是主语从句的结构，其主句部分是it doesnt matter,主语从句则是主语从句则是who it is that Im talking to.而在主语从句中，又有一个定语从句，而在主语从句中，又有一个定语从句，修饰修饰who.Who既是一个引
17、导词，也在既是一个引导词，也在it is中作表语中作表语.如果再细一点，如果再细一点，说说who是是(talking)to的介词宾语也可以。的介词宾语也可以。2021/8/11 星期三152.It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.(2003上海上海)A.that B.when C.what D.how 【试析】试析】主语从句中缺少做主语的成分，故选主语从句中缺少做主语的成分，故选C.2021/8/11 星期三163._ made the
18、 school proud was_ more than 90 of the students had been admitted to key universities.（2003上海春季）上海春季）A.What;because B.What;thatC.That;what D.That;because【试析】【试析】what 在此作连接代词，引导主语从句，并在从在此作连接代词，引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。句中作主语。that引导主语从句时，只起引导作用，不作引导主语从句时，只起引导作用，不作任何成分任何成分.2021/8/11 星期三174.When you answer questi
19、ons in a job interview,please remember the golden rule:Always give the monkey exactly_ he wants.(2002上海春季上海春季)A.what B.which C.when D.that 【试析】【试析】这是一个宾语从句这是一个宾语从句,wants后面缺少宾语后面缺少宾语,Always give the monkey exactly what he wants是一句谚语是一句谚语,意思是意思是永远给予永远给予他人他确实想要的东西他人他确实想要的东西。故答案为。故答案为A。2021/8/11 星期三185.
20、-Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?-Oh,thats_.(2003北京春季北京春季)A.what makes me feel excitedB.whatever I feel excited about C.how I feel about it D.when I feel excited 【试析】【试析】这是由这是由what 引导的一个表语从句，在从句中充当主语，引导的一个表语从句，在从句中充当主语，这句话的意思为：那是使我感到兴奋的事。故答案为这句话的意思为：那是使我感到兴奋的事。故答案为A。2021/8/11 星期三19一、同位语
21、从句与定语 从句的相似之处1、两种从句都可以译成定语、两种从句都可以译成定语 e.g.The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.（同位语从句）我们队取得决赛胜利的我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。消息令人鼓舞。The news that you told us is really encouraging.（定语从句）你告诉我们的你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。消息真的令人鼓舞。2021/8/11 星期三202、两种从句都可以用、两种从句都可以用that引导引导 e.g.The suggestion that stu
22、dents should learn something practical is worth considering.（同位语从句）（同位语从句）学生应该学些实用的东西的学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。建议值得考虑。The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical.（定语从句）（定语从句）值得考虑的值得考虑的建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。2021/8/11 星期三21二、同位语从句与定语二、同位语从句与定语 从句的不同
23、之处从句的不同之处1 1、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步 说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的名词。限定前面的名词。e.g.The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.（从句说明（从句说明“消息消息”的内容：的内容：我们队我们队取得了决赛胜利。取得了决赛胜利。）The news that you told us is really encouraging.（从句对（从句对“消息消息”加以限定：是加以限定：是你告诉我们的你告
24、诉我们的，而非而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）2021/8/11 星期三222 2、引导从句的关联词、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：的功能不同：that引导同引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的导定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。在从句中充当成分。e.g.1)Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English t
25、est.（that 不充当任何不充当任何成分）成分）2)Dad made a promise that excited all his children.（that指代指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。），又在从句中充当主语。）2021/8/11 星期三23II.Choose the best answer1.They expressed the hope _they would come over to China.A.which B.that C.whom D.when2.The fact_ he didnt see Tom yesterday is true.A.that B.wh
26、ich C.when D.what3.I have no idea _he will come back.A.where B.when C.what D.that2021/8/11 星期三24II.Choose the best answer4.The news _ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false.A.that B.when C.what D.how 5.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right.A.what that B.that which C.th
27、at what D.which that6.Word has come _ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.A.what B.whether c.that D.which2021/8/11 星期三251.The question is _the film is worth seeing.A.if B.what C.whether D.how 2.They received orders _ the work be done at once.A.which B.when C./D.that 3
28、.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed.A.why;why B.why;because C.why;that D.that;because4._ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind.A.What;why B.Which;how C.That;why D.What;because5._ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain.A.That B.Whether C.If D.Even
29、if6.It is known to us _ where there is pollution,there is harm.A.which B.where C.what D.that7.I have the information _.A.of what hell come soon B.that hell come soon C.of that hell come soon D.his coming soonCDCABDB单项填空单项填空2021/8/11 星期三268.-I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball.-_
30、it made me nearly mad.A.That he broke B.What he broke C.He broke D.His break9.It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time.A.how B.that C.when D.what10.-Can I help you?-Yes,do you know _?A.when comes the bus B.when will come the bus C.when does the bus come D.when the bus co
31、mes11.He made a promise _ anyone set him free he would make him very rich.A.that B.if C.what D.that if12.They lost their way in the forest and _ made matters worse was _ night began to fall.A.what;that B.it;that C.what;when D.which;whatAADDA2021/8/11 星期三27HomeworkDo exercise 1&2 on p49 2021/8/11 星期三282021/8/11 星期三29