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1、高考英语语法专题复习系列课件2021/8/11 星期三130动词的时态2021/8/11 星期三2一、概念一、概念:时态是时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式英语谓语动词的一种形式,表示动表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态作发生的时间和所处的状态.英语中的时英语中的时态是通过动词形式本身的变化来实现的态是通过动词形式本身的变化来实现的.英语有英语有1616种时态种时态,但中学阶段较但中学阶段较常用的有十种常用的有十种:1.1.一般现在时一般现在时,2.,2.一般过去时一般过去时,3.3.一般将来时一般将来时,4.,4.过去将来时过去将来时,5.5.现在进行时现在进行时,6.,6.过去进行时过去进行时,7.
2、7.将来进行时将来进行时,8.,8.现在完成时现在完成时,9.9.过去完成时过去完成时,10.,10.现在完成进行时现在完成进行时.2021/8/11 星期三3二二.相关知识点精讲相关知识点精讲1.1.一般现在时的用法一般现在时的用法1 1）经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语：间状语：everyevery,sometimes,sometimes,atat,on Sunday,on Sunday。例如：。例如：I leave home for school at 7 every morning.I leave hom
3、e for school at 7 every morning.2 2）客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如：客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如：The earth moves around the sun.The earth moves around the sun.地球绕太阳转动地球绕太阳转动3 3）表示格言或警句。例如：表示格言或警句。例如：Pride goes before a fall.Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。骄者必败。注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
4、句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.Columbus proved that the earth is round.4 4）现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如：现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如：比较：比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.Now I put the sugar in the cup.把糖放入杯子。把糖放入杯子。I am doing my homework now.I am doing my homework now.我正在做功课。我正在做功课。第一句用一般现在时，
5、用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的nownow是进行时的标志，表示正在进是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。2021/8/11 星期三42.2.一般过去时的用法一般过去时的用法 1 1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：状语有：yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,ye
6、sterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982in 1982等。例如：等。例如：Where did you go just now?Where did you go just now?刚才你上哪儿去了？刚才你上哪儿去了？2 2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：When I was a child,I often played football in the When I was a child,I often played football in the street.
7、street.我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。3 3）句型：）句型：It is time for sb.to do sthIt is time for sb.to do sth “到到时间了时间了”“该该了了”。例如：。例如：It is time for you to go to bed.It is time for you to go to bed.It is time that sb.did sth.It is time that sb.did sth.时间已迟了时间已迟了 早该早该了了 ，例如例如It is time you went to bed
8、.It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。你早该睡觉了。would would（hadhad）rather sb.did sth.rather sb.did sth.表示表示 宁愿某人做某事宁愿某人做某事。例如：例如：Id rather you came tomorrow.Id rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。还是明天来吧。2021/8/11 星期三54 4）wish,wonder,think,hope wish,wonder,think,hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示
9、的动作或状态都已成为过去，现请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。例如：已不复存在。例如：I thought you might have some.I thought you might have some.我以为你我以为你想要一些。想要一些。比较：比较：Christine was an invalid all her life.Christine was an invalid all her life.（含义：她已不（含义：她已不在人间。）在人间。）Christine has been an invalid all her life.Christine ha
10、s been an invalid all her life.（含义：她现在（含义：她现在还活着）还活着）Mrs.Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.Mrs.Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.（含义：达比（含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）Mrs.Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.Mrs.Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.（含义：（含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去
11、）现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去）注意：注意：用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。1 1）动词）动词want,hope,wonder,think,intend want,hope,wonder,think,intend 等。例如：等。例如：Did you want anything else?Did you want anything else?您还要些什么吗？您还要些什么吗？I wondered if you could help me.I wondered if you could help me.能不能帮我一下。能不能帮我一下。2 2）情态动词）情态动词
12、could,wouldcould,would。例如：。例如：Could you lend me your bike?Could you lend me your bike?你的自行车，能借用一些吗你的自行车，能借用一些吗？2021/8/11 星期三63.3.一般将来时一般将来时 1 1）shallshall用于第一人称，常被用于第一人称，常被will will 所代替。所代替。will will 在陈述句中用在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如：于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如：Which paragraph shall I read firstWhich para
13、graph shall I read first？我先读哪一段呢？我先读哪一段呢？Will you be at home at seven this evening?Will you be at home at seven this evening?2 2）be going to+be going to+不定式，表示将来。不定式，表示将来。a.a.主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：What are you going What are you going to do tomorrow?to do tomorrow?明天打算作什么呢？明天打算作什么呢？b.b.计划，安排
14、要发生的事。例如：计划，安排要发生的事。例如：The play is going to The play is going to be produced next monthbe produced next month。这出戏下月开播。这出戏下月开播。c.c.有迹象要发生的事。例如：有迹象要发生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds,Look at the dark clouds,there is going to be a storm.there is going to be a storm.看那乌云，快要下雨了。看那乌云，快要下雨了。3 3）be+be+不定式表将来，按
15、计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如：不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如：We are to discuss the report next Saturday.We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4 4）be about to+be about to+不定式，意为马上做某事。例如：不定式，意为马上做某事。例如：He is about to leave for Beijing.He is about to leave for Beijing.他马上要去北京。他马上要去北京。注意：注意：be about to do be about to d
16、o 不能与不能与tomorrow,next week tomorrow,next week 等表示等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。明确将来时的时间状语连用。2021/8/11 星期三7 4.4.一般现在时表将来一般现在时表将来 1 1）下列动词）下列动词come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,returncome,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如：好的事情。例如：The train leaves at s
17、ix tomorrow morning.The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.When does the bus start?It starts in ten minutes.When does the bus start?It starts in ten minutes.2 2）以）以here,therehere,there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如：等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如：Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming.Here comes the bus.=The bus is comin
18、g.车来了。车来了。There goes the bell.=The bell is ringing.There goes the bell.=The bell is ringing.铃响了。铃响了。3 3）在时间或条件句中。例如：）在时间或条件句中。例如：When Bill comes When Bill comes（不是（不是will comewill come）,ask him to wait for,ask him to wait for me.me.比尔来后，让他等我。比尔来后，让他等我。Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there.Ill w
19、rite to you as soon as I arrive there.4 4）在动词）在动词hope,take care that,make sure thathope,take care that,make sure that等的宾语从句等的宾语从句中。例如：中。例如：I hope they have a nice time next week.I hope they have a nice time next week.Make sure that the windows are closed before you Make sure that the windows are clo
20、sed before you leave the room.leave the room.离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。2021/8/11 星期三85.5.用现在进行时表示将来用现在进行时表示将来 下下列列动动词词come,come,go,go,arrive,arrive,leave,leave,start,start,begin,begin,returnreturn等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如：等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如：Im leaving tomorrow.Im leaving tomorrow.明天我要走了。明天我要走了。Are Are you you
21、staying staying here here till till next next week?week?你你会会在在这这儿儿呆到下周吗？呆到下周吗？6.6.现在完成时现在完成时 现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或其结果的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：状态。其构成：have have（hashas）+过去分词过去分词。2021/8/11 星期三97.7.比较一般过去时与现在完成时比较一般过去时与现在完成时 1 1）一一般般过过去去时时表表示示过过去去某
22、某时时发发生生的的动动作作或或单单纯纯叙叙述述过过去去的的事事情情，强强调调动动作作；现现在在完完成成时时为为过过去去发发生生的的，强强调调过过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。2 2）一一般般过过去去时时常常与与具具体体的的时时间间状状语语连连用用，而而现现在在完完成成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一一般般过过去去时时的的时时间间状状语语：yesterday,yesterday,last last weekweek，ago,ago,in1980,in1980,in in October,October
23、,just just nownow等等，皆皆为为具具体体的的时时间状语。间状语。现现在在完完成成时时的的时时间间状状语语：for,for,since,since,so so far,far,ever,ever,never,never,just,just,yet,yet,till/until,till/until,up up to to now,now,in in past past years,alwaysyears,always等，皆不确定的时间状语。等，皆不确定的时间状语。共共同同的的时时间间状状语语：this this morning,morning,tonight,tonight,th
24、is this April,now,already,recently,lately April,now,already,recently,lately 等。等。2021/8/11 星期三103 3）现现在在完完成成时时可可表表示示持持续续到到现现在在的的动动作作或或状状态态，动动词词一一般般是是延延续性的，如续性的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.live,teach,learn,work,study,know.。一一般般过过去去时时常常用用的的非非持持续续性性动动词词有有come,come,go,go,leave,leave,start,start,die
25、,finish,become,get marrieddie,finish,become,get married等。例如：等。例如：I saw this film yesterday.I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了）（强调看的动作发生过了）I I have have seen seen this this film.film.（强强调调对对现现在在的的影影响响，电电影影的的内内容容已已经知道了）经知道了）Why did you get up so early?Why did you get up so early?（强调起床的动作已发生过了）（强调起床
26、的动作已发生过了）Who Who hasnt hasnt handed handed in in his his paper?paper?（强强调调有有卷卷子子未未交交，疑疑为为不不公平竞争）公平竞争）He He has has been been in in the the League League for for three three years.years.（在在团团内内的的状状态可延续）态可延续）He He has has been been a a League League member member for for three three years.years.（是是团团员
27、员的的状态可持续）状态可持续）句句子子中中如如有有过过去去时时的的时时间间副副词词（如如yesterday,yesterday,last,last,week,week,in in 19601960）时时，不不能能使使用用现现在在完完成成时时，要要用用过过去去时时。（错错）Tom Tom has has written written a a letter letter to to his his parents parents last last night.night.（对对）Tom Tom wrote wrote a letter to his parents last night.a l
28、etter to his parents last night.2021/8/11 星期三118.8.用于现在完成时的句型用于现在完成时的句型 1 1）It It is is the the first first/second second time.time.thatthat结结构构中中的的从从句句部部分，用现在完成时。例如：分，用现在完成时。例如：It It is is the the first first time time that that I I have have visited visited the the city.city.这这是是我我第一次访问这城市。第一次访问这城
29、市。This This is is the the first first time time（thatthat）Ive Ive heard heard him him sing.sing.这这是我第一次听他唱歌。是我第一次听他唱歌。注意：注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late.It was the third time that the boy had been late.2 2）This This is is+形形容容词词最最高高级级+that+that结结构构，that that 从从句句要要用用现现在在完完成时。例如：成时
30、。例如：This is the best film that Ive This is the best film that Ive（everever）seen.seen.这是我看过这是我看过的的 2021/8/11 星期三129.9.过去完成时过去完成时 1 1）概念：表示过去的过去概念：表示过去的过去-|-|-|-|-|-|-其构成是其构成是had+had+过去分词构成。过去分词构成。那时以前那时以前 那时那时 现在现在 2 2）用法用法a.a.在在told,told,said,said,knew,knew,heard,heard,thoughtthought等等动动词词后后的的宾宾语语从从
31、句句。例例如：如：She said She said（thatthat）she had never been to Paris.she had never been to Paris.b.b.状状语语从从句句在在过过去去不不同同时时间间发发生生的的两两个个动动作作中中，发发生生在在先先，用用过过去去完完成成时时；发发生生在在后后，用用一一般般过过去去时时。例例如如：When When the the police police arrived,the thieves had run away.arrived,the thieves had run away.c.c.表表示示意意向向的的动动词词
32、，如如hope,hope,wish,wish,expect,expect,think,think,intend,intend,mean,mean,supposesuppose等等，用用过过去去完完成成时时表表示示 原原本本，未未能能。例例如如：We We had had hoped hoped that that you you would would come,come,but but you you didnt.didnt.那那时时我我们们希望你能来，但是你没有来。希望你能来，但是你没有来。3 3）过过去去完完成成时时的的时时间间状状语语before,before,by,by,until
33、until,when,when,after,after,once,once,as as soon soon asas。例例如如：He He said said that that he he had had learned learned some some English before.English before.他说过他以前学过一些英语。他说过他以前学过一些英语。2021/8/11 星期三1310.10.用一般过去时代替过去完成时用一般过去时代替过去完成时 1 1）两两个个动动作作如如按按顺顺序序发发生生，又又不不强强调调先先后后，或或用用thenthen，andand，but but
34、等连词时，多用一般过去时。例如：等连词时，多用一般过去时。例如：When When she she saw saw the the mousemouse，she she screamed.screamed.她她看看到到老老鼠鼠，就叫了起来。就叫了起来。My My aunt aunt gave gave me me a a hat hat and and I I lost lost it.it.姑姑妈妈给给了了我我一一顶顶帽子，我把它丢了。帽子，我把它丢了。2 2）两两个个动动作作相相继继发发生生，可可用用一一般般过过去去时时；如如第第一一个个动动作作需需要要若若干时间完成，用过去完成时。例如：
35、干时间完成，用过去完成时。例如：When I heard the news,I was very excited.When I heard the news,I was very excited.3 3）叙叙述述历历史史事事实实，可可不不用用过过去去完完成成时时，而而只只用用一一般般过过去去时时。例例如：如：Our Our teacher teacher told told us us that that Columbus Columbus discovered discovered America in 1492.America in 1492.2021/8/11 星期三1411.11.将来
36、完成时将来完成时 1 1）构成构成will have donewill have done2 2）概念概念 a.a.状状态态完完成成：表表示示某某事事继继续续到到将将来来某某一一时时为为止止一一直直有有的的状状态态。例例如：如：They They will will have have been been married married for for 20 20 years years by by then.then.到到那那时时他们结婚将有二十年了。他们结婚将有二十年了。b.b.动动作作完完成成：表表示示将将来来某某一一时时或或另另一一个个将将来来的的动动作作之之前前，已已经完成的动作或获
37、得的经验。例如：经完成的动作或获得的经验。例如：You will have reached Shanghai by this time You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.tomorrow.明天此时，你已经到达上海了明天此时，你已经到达上海了 2021/8/11 星期三1512.12.现在进行时现在进行时 现在进行时的基本用法：现在进行时的基本用法：a.a.表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。例如：表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。例如：We are waiting for you.We are waiting
38、 for you.我们正在等你。我们正在等你。b.b.习习惯惯进进行行：表表示示长长期期的的或或重重复复性性的的动动作作，说说话话时时动动作作未未必必正在进行。例如：正在进行。例如：Mr.Mr.Green Green is is writing writing another another novel.novel.他他在在写写另另一一部部小小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。）说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。）c.c.表表示示渐渐变变，这这样样的的动动词词有有：get,get,grow,grow,become,become,turn,turn,run,go,beginrun,g
39、o,begin等。例如：等。例如：The leaves are turning red.The leaves are turning red.叶子在变红。叶子在变红。Its getting warmer and warmer.Its getting warmer and warmer.天越来越热了。天越来越热了。d.d.与与always,always,constantly,constantly,forever forever 等等词词连连用用，表表示示反反复复发发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如：生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如：You are
40、always changing your mind.You are always changing your mind.你老是改变主意。你老是改变主意。2021/8/11 星期三1613.13.过去进行时过去进行时 1 1）概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。）概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。2 2）过过去去进进行行时时的的主主要要用用法法是是描描述述一一件件事事发发生生的的背背景景；一一个个长长动动作作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生。延续的时候，另一个短动作发生。3 3）常常用用的的时时间间状状语语有有this this morning,morning,the the whole
41、whole morning,morning,all all day day yesterday,yesterday,from from nine nine to to ten ten last last evening,evening,when,when,whilewhile等。例如：等。例如：My My brother brother fell fell while while he he was was riding riding his his bicycle bicycle and and hurt himself.hurt himself.我兄弟骑车时摔了下来，受了伤。我兄弟骑车时摔
42、了下来，受了伤。It It was was raining raining when when they they left left the the station.station.他他们们离离开开车站时，正下着雨。车站时，正下着雨。When When I I got got to to the the top top of of the the mountain,mountain,the the sun sun was was shining.shining.我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。2021/8/11 星期三1714.14.将来进行时将来进行时 1 1）概概念念：表
43、表示示将将来来某某时时进进行行的的状状态态或或动动作作，或或按按预预测测将将来来会会发发生的事情。例如：生的事情。例如：Shell be coming soon.Shell be coming soon.她会很快来的。她会很快来的。Ill Ill be be meeting meeting him him sometime sometime in in the the future.future.将将来来我我一定去见他。一定去见他。注注意意：将将来来进进行行时时不不用用于于表表示示 意意志志，不不能能说说 Ill Ill be be having having a talk with her.
44、a talk with her.2 2）常用的时间状语有）常用的时间状语有soon,tomorrow,this eveningsoon,tomorrow,this evening，on on Sunday,by this timeSunday,by this time，in two days,tomorrow eveningin two days,tomorrow evening等。例等。例如：如：By this time tomorrow,Ill be lying on the beach.By this time tomorrow,Ill be lying on the beach.明明天
45、此时，我正躺在海滩上呢天此时，我正躺在海滩上呢。2021/8/11 星期三1815.15.一般现在时代替一般将来时一般现在时代替一般将来时 When,When,while,while,before,before,after,after,till,till,once,once,as as soon soon as,as,so so long long as,as,by by the the time,time,if,if,in in case case（thatthat）,unless,unless,even even if,if,whether,whether,the the moment,m
46、oment,the the minute,minute,the the day,day,the the year,year,immediatelyimmediately等等引引导导的的时时间间状状语语从从句句，条条件件句句中中，用用一一般般现现在在时时代代替将来时。例如：替将来时。例如：He He is is going going to to visit visit her her aunt aunt the the day day he he arrives arrives in in Beijing.Beijing.他一到北京，就去看他姨妈。他一到北京，就去看他姨妈。16.16.一般现在
47、时代替一般过去时一般现在时代替一般过去时 1 1）书上说书上说，报纸上说报纸上说 等。例如：等。例如：The The newspaper newspaper says says that that its its going going to to be be cold cold tomorrow.tomorrow.报纸上说明天会很冷的。报纸上说明天会很冷的。2 2）叙述往事，使其生动。例如：叙述往事，使其生动。例如：Napoleons Napoleons army army now now advances advances and and the the great great battl
48、e battle begins.begins.拿破仑的军队正在向前挺进，大战开始了拿破仑的军队正在向前挺进，大战开始了2021/8/11 星期三1917.17.一般现在时代替现在完成时一般现在时代替现在完成时 1 1）有有些些动动词词用用一一般般现现在在时时代代替替完完成成时时，如如hear,hear,tell,tell,learn,learn,write write,understand,understand,forget,forget,know,know,find find,say,say,rememberremember等等。例如：例如：I hear I hear（=have heard
49、=have heard）he will go to London.he will go to London.2 2）用用句句型型 It It is is sincesince 代代替替It It has has been been since since 。例如：。例如：It is It is（=has been=has been）five years since we last met.five years since we last met.18.18.一般现在时代替现在进行时。一般现在时代替现在进行时。在在Here Here comescomes/There/There goesgoes
50、等等句句型型里里，用用一一般般现现在在时时代代替替现现在在进行时。例如：进行时。例如：There goes the bell.There goes the bell.铃响了。铃响了。19.19.现在进行时代替将来时现在进行时代替将来时 1 1）表示即将发生的或预定中计划好的活动。例如：表示即将发生的或预定中计划好的活动。例如：Are you staying with us this weekend?Are you staying with us this weekend?We are leaving soon.We are leaving soon.我们马上就走。我们马上就走。2 2）渐渐变变