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1、高三英语语法高三英语语法动词的时态动词的时态2021/8/11 星期三1一般时态一般时态进行时态进行时态完成时态完成时态完成进行时态完成进行时态现现在在writewritewriteswritesam/is/are am/is/are+writing+writinghave/has have/has+written+writtenhave/has+have/has+been writingbeen writing过过去去wrotewrotewas/were was/were+writing+writinghad+writtenhad+writtenhad+been had+been writi
2、ngwriting将将来来shall/will shall/will+write+writeshall/willshall/will+be+be writingwritingshall/will shall/will+have written+have writtenshall/will+shall/will+have been have been writingwriting过过去去将将来来shouldshould/would /would +write+writeshould/should/would+would+be be writingwritingshould/wouldshould
3、/would+have+have writtenwrittenshould/would should/would+have been+have been writingwriting一、概说：英语一共有十六个时态（一、概说：英语一共有十六个时态（8 8种基本时态种基本时态 +8+8种合种合成时态）各个时态的构成法归纳如下成时态）各个时态的构成法归纳如下:（以（以”writewrite”为例）为例）2021/8/11 星期三2二、易错点讲解二、易错点讲解1 1、一般现在时一般现在时用法注意点用法注意点:(1)(1)表示经常发生、习惯性的动作表示经常发生、习惯性的动作,与与 every day,u
4、sually,every day,usually,once a week once a week 等时间状语连用等时间状语连用 他每天骑自行车上学。他每天骑自行车上学。He cycles to school every day.He cycles to school every day.(2)(2)现在的特征或状态（通常用于静态动词）如：现在的特征或状态（通常用于静态动词）如：belong belong to,cost,matter,own,think etc.to,cost,matter,own,think etc.He loves sports.He loves sports.-DoDo
5、you you singsing?A little.A little.(3)(3)表示客观事实、客观规律和客观真理表示客观事实、客观规律和客观真理He He said said that the earth that the earth turnsturns round the sun.round the sun.2021/8/11 星期三3二、易错点讲解二、易错点讲解1 1、一般现在时一般现在时用法注意点用法注意点:(4)(4)在在 when,until,before,if when,until,before,if 等引导的时间状语、条件状语等引导的时间状语、条件状语从句，主句用将来时态，从
6、句用从句，主句用将来时态，从句用现在时态现在时态表将来表将来(一般一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时)。Do let me know when he _(come)back.Do let me know when he _(come)back.Do you know when he _(come)back?Do you know when he _(come)back?I wonder if he _(come)back tonight.I wonder if he _(come)back tonight.I Ill give you an answer imme
7、diately ll give you an answer immediately I Ive finishedve finished reading.reading.will comewill comewill comewill come comes comes2021/8/11 星期三42.2.现在进行时现在进行时的用法注意点的用法注意点(1)(1)现在进行时与一般现在时的用法比较。现在进行时与一般现在时的用法比较。现在进行时既可现在进行时既可表示现在时刻正在进行的动作，也可表示现在时刻正在进行的动作，也可表示现阶段一直进行表示现阶段一直进行的动作的动作（说话时不一定正在进行），（说话时不
8、一定正在进行），强调动作的强调动作的暂时性暂时性和和未完成性未完成性短暂的事实短暂的事实；而一般现在时强调动作的长久；而一般现在时强调动作的长久性或反复性。性或反复性。He works in a chemical factory.(He works in a chemical factory.(长久性工作）长久性工作）He is working in a chemical factory these days.(He is working in a chemical factory these days.(临时性工临时性工作作)I I dondont workt work here,here,
9、I Im just helpingm just helping until the secretary until the secretary comes es back.(2)(2)现在进行时与现在进行时与always,constantly,continually,all the always,constantly,continually,all the time,all along,time,all along,等频度状语连用，对现阶段经常发生的动等频度状语连用，对现阶段经常发生的动作表示某种感情色彩，如赞叹、惊讶、厌烦、不满等。作表示某种感情色彩，如赞叹、惊讶、厌烦、不满等。She is
10、 always borrowing money and forgetting to pay me She is always borrowing money and forgetting to pay me back.back.You are continually finding faults with me.You are continually finding faults with me.2021/8/11 星期三5(3)(3)现在进行时用于时间或条件状语从句中，可代替将来现在进行时用于时间或条件状语从句中，可代替将来进行时进行时When you are talking with hi
11、m,take care not to mention When you are talking with him,take care not to mention this.this.I Ill think about it while you ll think about it while you re writing the report.re writing the report.If you are standing at the corner,IIf you are standing at the corner,Ill give you a lift into ll give you
12、 a lift into town.town.2021/8/11 星期三63 3、现在完成时现在完成时用法注意点。用法注意点。(1)(1)两种意义的现在完成时两种意义的现在完成时 a.a.持续到现在（动词要用延续性动词）；持续到现在（动词要用延续性动词）；时间状语：表示从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的一时间状语：表示从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的一 段时间状语段时间状语 today,recentlytoday,recently，up to nowup to now，so farso far，these these days,days,in/over/during the last/past
13、ten in/over/during the last/past ten days/months/yearsdays/months/years,etc.,etc.Great changes have taken place in the past twenty years in Great changes have taken place in the past twenty years in China.China.b.b.对现在有影响；对现在有影响；时间状语：时间状语：already,just,ever,never,before,not yet,already,just,ever,neve
14、r,before,not yet,etc.etc.Have you ever found out her telephone number?Have you ever found out her telephone number?(2)have been to (2)have been to VS VS have gone to have gone to2021/8/11 星期三7(3)since (3)since I have done it since you left.I have done it since you left.It is three years since I saw
15、you.It is three years since I saw you.I have lived here ever since.I have lived here ever since.(4)I have left.(4)I have left.但但I have been away for three days.I have been away for three days.(5)When have you done it?(5)When have you done it?错错(6)It is the third time he has been late this week.(6)It
16、 is the third time he has been late this week.(7)(7)在含有时间状语或条件状语的复合句中，强调从句的在含有时间状语或条件状语的复合句中，强调从句的动作发生在主句动作之前，从句用现在完成时代替将来完动作发生在主句动作之前，从句用现在完成时代替将来完成时。成时。I Ill go with you when I have had this cup of tea.ll go with you when I have had this cup of tea.2021/8/11 星期三84 4、现在完成时现在完成时与与一般过去时一般过去时的用法比较的用法比
17、较一般过去时只单纯表示过去发生过的动作或存在的状态，一般过去时只单纯表示过去发生过的动作或存在的状态，与现在时间没有联系，可和与现在时间没有联系，可和表示确切过去表示确切过去的的时间、地时间、地点点状语连用。现在完成时表示过去发生过的某动作对状语连用。现在完成时表示过去发生过的某动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调现在的情况，现在造成的影响或结果，强调现在的情况，不能不能和表和表示确切的过去时间、地点状语连用。示确切的过去时间、地点状语连用。(1)(1)She has promised to help me.She has promised to help me.Last weekLast wee
18、k she promised to help me.she promised to help me.(2)He has been caught by the police.(2)He has been caught by the police.He was caught by the police He was caught by the police at a restaurant.at a restaurant.(3)Mr.Black has lived in China(3)Mr.Black has lived in China for ten years.for ten years.M
19、r.Black lived in China Mr.Black lived in China for 3 years in the 1990s.for 3 years in the 1990s.2021/8/11 星期三95 5、现在完成时现在完成时与与现在完成进行时现在完成进行时的用法比较的用法比较 现在完成时表示动作已完成，侧重结果；现在完成进现在完成时表示动作已完成，侧重结果；现在完成进时既可表示动作在说话时刻之前刚刚结束，也可表示时既可表示动作在说话时刻之前刚刚结束，也可表示动作还将继续下去，侧重于动作的持续性、暂时性和动作还将继续下去，侧重于动作的持续性、暂时性和未完成的含义。未完成
20、的含义。They have repaired the road.(They have repaired the road.(表示路已修好表示路已修好)They have been repairing the road.They have been repairing the road.（表示路还在修）（表示路还在修）The police have been looking into the matter,but they The police have been looking into the matter,but they havenhavent drawn a conclusion ye
21、t.t drawn a conclusion yet.有时两者可替换：有时两者可替换：He Hes lived here for 10 years.s lived here for 10 years.(=He(=Hes been living here for 10 years.)s been living here for 10 years.)ButBut he he livedlived here for 5 years in the 1990s.here for 5 years in the 1990s.2021/8/11 星期三106 6、一般过去时一般过去时与与过去进行时过去进行时的
22、用法比较的用法比较(1)(1)一般过去时表示在过去某时发生过的动作或存在的状态，一般过去时表示在过去某时发生过的动作或存在的状态，侧重动作已完成；侧重动作已完成；而过去进行时而过去进行时 表示过去某个时间正表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作，在进行的动作，强调动作在持续，并未完成强调动作在持续，并未完成。Last year,he wrote a book.Last year,he wrote a book.Last year,he was writing a book,but hasn Last year,he was writing a book,but hasnt finished t fin
23、ished till now.till now.(2)(2)一般过去时和过去进行时都可表示过去某段时间内发一般过去时和过去进行时都可表示过去某段时间内发生的动作或情况，但一般过去时只说明过去该段时间内生的动作或情况，但一般过去时只说明过去该段时间内发生过某事的事实；而过去进行时则侧重在动作持续时发生过某事的事实；而过去进行时则侧重在动作持续时间的长度，不仅是说明发生过某事。间的长度，不仅是说明发生过某事。They built a new hotel last autumn.They built a new hotel last autumn.He was working all through
24、 the night.He was working all through the night.2021/8/11 星期三11(3)(3)一般过去时和过去进行时同时出现在句中，表示一个一般过去时和过去进行时同时出现在句中，表示一个动作发生在另一个动作进行的过程之中时，动作发生在另一个动作进行的过程之中时，通常表示通常表示较较短的动作用一般过去时，表示较长的动作用过去进行时。短的动作用一般过去时，表示较长的动作用过去进行时。She broke a glass while she was cooking the dinner.She broke a glass while she was cook
25、ing the dinner.I was running downstairs when I slipped and fell.I was running downstairs when I slipped and fell.2021/8/11 星期三127.7.一般将来时的一般将来时的6 6种表达形式种表达形式(1)“will/shall+will/shall+动词原形动词原形”：将要发生的动作或状况，也：将要发生的动作或状况，也可表示可表示“预见预见”（带有说话人的主观态度和看法）。（带有说话人的主观态度和看法）。Will you be busy tonight?Will you be b
26、usy tonight?You will feel better after taking this medicine.You will feel better after taking this medicine.(2)(2)“be going to+dobe going to+do”有两种意义，有两种意义，一是表示一是表示“意图意图”，即打算在将来做某事；二是表示，即打算在将来做某事；二是表示“预见预见”，即现在已，即现在已有迹象表明将要发生某种情况。有迹象表明将要发生某种情况。The wall is going to be painted soon.The wall is going t
27、o be painted soon.George is putting on weight.He George is putting on weight.Hes going to be quite fat.s going to be quite fat.Look at the dark clouds over there.It Look at the dark clouds over there.Its going to rain.s going to rain.2021/8/11 星期三13 注：注：“will+v.will+v.”和和 “be going to+v.be going to+
28、v.”均可表示意图，均可表示意图，“be going to+v.be going to+v.”表示的意图是事先表示的意图是事先 经过考虑的，而经过考虑的，而 “will+v.will+v.”所表示的意图则是说话时所表示的意图则是说话时临时临时想到的。想到的。e.g.A:You left the light on for the whole night.e.g.A:You left the light on for the whole night.B:Oh,did I?I will go and turn it off now.B:Oh,did I?I will go and turn it o
29、ff now.e.g.A:Why are you taking down all the pictures?e.g.A:Why are you taking down all the pictures?B:I B:Im going to repair the house.m going to repair the house.(3)(3)“be+v.-ingbe+v.-ing”某些瞬间动词特别是趋向动词用现在进某些瞬间动词特别是趋向动词用现在进行时刻表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，如：行时刻表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，如：go,go,come,leave,begin,start,get,r
30、each,arrive,return,meet,come,leave,begin,start,get,reach,arrive,return,meet,etc.etc.WeWere moving to a different hotel the day after re moving to a different hotel the day after tomorrow.tomorrow.She is spending her winter vacation in Australia this year.She is spending her winter vacation in Austra
31、lia this year.2021/8/11 星期三14(4)(4)“be to+be to+动词原形动词原形”有两种含义：一是表示按计划、有两种含义：一是表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常可与安排即将发生的动作，常可与“be+v.-ingbe+v.-ing”交换使用，交换使用，“be to+be to+动词原形动词原形”较正式较正式;二是表示义务、应该（相当二是表示义务、应该（相当于于should)should)。可用于可用于if if 条件句表示打算、想要。条件句表示打算、想要。I am to have tea with Betty this afternoon.I am to have
32、 tea with Betty this afternoon.YouYoure to answer for what youre to answer for what youve done.ve done.Tell her sheTell her shes not to be back late.s not to be back late.If you are to succeed,you If you are to succeed,youd better work hard.d better work hard.(5)(5)既定的时间如生日、日历、课时安排、交通时刻表等，既定的时间如生日、日
33、历、课时安排、交通时刻表等，通常用通常用一般现在时一般现在时表示将来的动作。表示将来的动作。The plane takes off at 5:30 a.m.The plane takes off at 5:30 a.m.The new school year begins on September 1.The new school year begins on September 1.2021/8/11 星期三15(6)(6)“be about to+be about to+动词原形动词原形”表示正要、马上做某事，这表示正要、马上做某事，这种结构的将来时不与表示将来的时间状语连用。种结构的将来
34、时不与表示将来的时间状语连用。Take your seat.The meeting is about to begin.Take your seat.The meeting is about to begin.I I was about towas about to go to bed go to bed whenwhen someone someone knocked atknocked at the the door.door.“will+will+动词原形动词原形”有时还可以表示一种倾向性或惯性的有时还可以表示一种倾向性或惯性的动作。动作。Oil will float on water.
35、Oil will float on water.Whenever he has time,he will come and see us.Whenever he has time,he will come and see us.2021/8/11 星期三168 8、过去完成时过去完成时(不能单独使用，常与一般过去时连用）不能单独使用，常与一般过去时连用）(1)(1)过去的过去过去的过去He told me that he had made great progress since he came He told me that he had made great progress since
36、he came here.here.Tom returned by plane,but his mother had already died.Tom returned by plane,but his mother had already died.(2)(2)判断判断 by when by when 从句从句The concert had been on for twenty minutes by the time The concert had been on for twenty minutes by the time we got there.we got there.When th
37、ey arrived at the party,most of the guests had When they arrived at the party,most of the guests had already left.already left.(3)hardly(3)hardlywhen no soonerwhen no soonerthanthan(4)(4)动词动词expect,hope,intend,mean,plan,suppose,think,expect,hope,intend,mean,plan,suppose,think,want,wish want,wish 等动词
38、用过去完成时表示过去本来打算、希望、等动词用过去完成时表示过去本来打算、希望、计划作而未做的事。计划作而未做的事。I had intended to attend the party,but was stopped by I had intended to attend the party,but was stopped by the heavy rain.the heavy rain.2021/8/11 星期三179 9、将来完成时将来完成时：表示将来某一时刻之前已完成的动作。：表示将来某一时刻之前已完成的动作。By the end of next month we will have le
39、arnt 1000 words.By the end of next month we will have learnt 1000 words.1010、将来进行时将来进行时：将来某一时刻正在进行的动作。：将来某一时刻正在进行的动作。What will you be doing(at eight)next week?What will you be doing(at eight)next week?I I wonwont t be be free free Friday Friday morning.morning.I Ill ll be be seeing seeing a a friend
40、 friend off.off.You can have my typewriter.I wonYou can have my typewriter.I wont be using it.t be using it.2021/8/11 星期三1811 11、时态的一致、时态的一致(1)(1)宾语从句宾语从句 主过从过主过从过(2)(2)定语从句定语从句 不受限制不受限制Do you know the man who delivered the lecture just Do you know the man who delivered the lecture just now?now?(3)(3)过去一系列动作过去一系列动作 过去时过去时He came up to the door of the house,stood for a while He came up to the door of the house,stood for a while and then entered it.and then entered it.2021/8/11 星期三192021/8/11 星期三20