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1、Lesson 4Understanding2021/8/11 星期三12021/8/11 星期三2.短语翻译短语翻译把下列短语译成英语。把下列短语译成英语。1习惯于习惯于_2赞成，赞许赞成，赞许 _3倾向于，经常做倾向于，经常做 _4总的来说总的来说 _5算出来，可以解决算出来，可以解决 _6以以为基础为基础 _7提出提出 _2021/8/11 星期三38把某人投把某人投进监狱 _9换句句话说 _10对有益有益 _答案：答案：1.be/get accustomed to2.approve of3.tend to4as a whole5.work out6.be based on7.put fo
2、rward8.put sb.in prison9.in other words10.be beneficial to2021/8/11 星期三4.课文理解课文理解阅读文章阅读文章The Importance of Lifelong Learning，选择正确答案。，选择正确答案。11What is the first step to acquire knowledge and understanding?ATo find answers.BTo study the facts.CTo test answers.DTo put forward questions.解解析析：根根据据第第一一段段“
3、To start with.Then.After that.”等等描描述述可可以以看出，获取知识和理解的第一步是看出，获取知识和理解的第一步是“提出问题提出问题”。答案：答案：D2021/8/11 星期三512Who solve/solved problems by thinking and analyzing according to the passage?APeople nowadays.BPeople in the 17th century.CModern scientists and thinkers.DThe great philosopher Aristotle.解解析析：从从第
4、第一一段段最最后后可可知知，现现代代科科学学家家和和思思想想家家仍仍然然通通过过思思考考和和分析解决问题。分析解决问题。答案：答案：C2021/8/11 星期三613 People in the 17th century didnt believe Galileo Galilei because_.Athey believed more in religionBthe Earth was standing stillCBacon put forward the view that the Earth must be the center of the universeDGalilei coul
5、dnt prove his view that the Earth was not the center of the universe解解析析：从从第第二二段段中中间间可可知知，那那时时人人们们相相信信宗宗教教而而不不相相信信事事实实，所所以答案为以答案为A项。项。答案：答案：A2021/8/11 星期三714Whats the aim of the writer when Aristotle and Galilei are referred to in the fourth paragraph?AAristotle was wrong.BIts unbelievable for great
6、 men to be wrong.CGalilei was wrong.DEveryone can be wrong at times.解解析析：作作者者在在第第四四段段提提到到两两个个人人都都犯犯过过错错误误，目目的的在在于于说说明明人人人人都有可能犯错误。都有可能犯错误。答案：答案：D2021/8/11 星期三815Whats the main idea of the sentence“All truths are easy to understand once they are discovered；the point is to discover them.”？AAll truths
7、are easy to discover.BIts most important to discover truths.CIts more important to understand truths than to discover them.DIf we want to discover truths，we should first understand them.解解析析：文文章章最最后后伽伽利利略略的的话话旨旨在在说说明明发发现现真真理理是是最最重重要要的的，“一一旦旦发现了真理，理解就容易了发现了真理，理解就容易了”。答案：答案：B2021/8/11 星期三92021/8/11 星期
8、三10 It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding.(教材教材P42)我我们如何如何获取知取知识和理解和理解现在似乎很在似乎很显而易而易见。归纳归纳acquire vt.获得，得到得，得到She has acquired a good knowledge of English.她英她英语掌握得非常好。掌握得非常好。He has acquired a reputation for dishonesty.他落得了奸他落得了奸诈的名声。的名声。2021/8/11 星期三11比较：比较：acquire，obtain与与
9、gainacquire多多用用于于通通过过不不断断地地学学、问问等等慢慢慢慢地地获获取取知知识识、技技术术等等较较抽抽象象的东西。的东西。obtain表示经过相当长的时间或很大的努力而获得期望已久的东西。表示经过相当长的时间或很大的努力而获得期望已久的东西。gain含含义义较较obtain更更进进一一层层，表表示示付付出出更更大大的的努努力力才才能能获获得得，常常意意为为“赢得赢得”。2021/8/11 星期三12应用应用1.用用gain，acquire与与obtain的适当形式填空的适当形式填空(1)He_his living as a teacher.(2)You must work ha
10、rd to_a good command of English.(3)I havent been able to_that record anywhere.答案：答案：(1)gained(2)acquire(3)obtain2021/8/11 星期三13Although today we are more accustomed to typing a few key words into a search engine.(教材教材P42)尽管我尽管我们现在更在更习惯于在搜索引擎打于在搜索引擎打进几个关几个关键词归纳归纳be/get accustomed to习惯于于My eyes slowly
11、 were accustomed to the dark.我的眼睛逐我的眼睛逐渐适适应了黑暗。了黑暗。提提示示：be accustomed to 中中的的to为介介词，后后面面跟跟动词的的ing形形式式与与be used to用法相同。用法相同。I am not accustomed to walking long distances.我不我不习惯于于长距离的步行。距离的步行。2021/8/11 星期三14应用应用2.单句改错单句改错(1)She was a person accustomed to have eight hourssleep a night._(2)He was accust
12、omed for sleeping for an hour after his lunch._答案：答案：(1)havehaving(2)第一个第一个for改为改为to2021/8/11 星期三15However，in the 17th century when Francis Bacon suggested that this type of thinking was the way to gain knowledge，he was going against the views of the day.(教教材材P42)然然而而，在在17世世纪，在在弗弗兰西西斯斯培培根根提出提出这种思考方式
13、是种思考方式是获取知取知识的方式的方式时，他背离了当，他背离了当时的的观念。念。归纳归纳however adv.然而；不然而；不过(常和逗号常和逗号连用，于用，于but同同义。)He hasnt arrived.He may，however，come later.他他还未到，不未到，不过，他可能，他可能过一会儿来。一会儿来。拓展拓展however adv.(no matter how)无无论到什么程度，不管多少到什么程度，不管多少The little girl always arrives on time however cold it is.无无论天有多冷，小女孩天有多冷，小女孩总是按是按时
14、到达。到达。2021/8/11 星期三16提示：提示：go against违背；反对；对违背；反对；对不利不利He wouldnt go against his parentswishes.他不会违背父母的意愿。他不会违背父母的意愿。The situation is going against us.局势对我们不利。局势对我们不利。应用应用3.完成句子完成句子他的做法违背自然法则。他的做法违背自然法则。The way he did it_the rule of nature.答案：答案：goes against2021/8/11 星期三17 .and people like Galileo G
15、alilei(1564 1642)，who proved scientific ideas such as“the Earth is not the centre of the universe”，were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence.(教教材材P42)像像伽伽利利略略这样证明明了了例例如如“地地球球不不是是宇宇宙宙的的中中心心”等等科科学学观点的人常常会被教会点的人常常会被教会惩罚而没有人而没有人为他他们辩护。归归纳纳句句中中的的with no one coming to their def
16、ence是是“with宾语宾补”的复合的复合结构作状构作状语，其中，其中coming.是是现在分在分词作作宾补。With the years passing，his hair became white.随着随着时光流逝，他的光流逝，他的头发变白了。白了。2021/8/11 星期三18拓展拓展常见的常见的with复合结构有以下几种形式：复合结构有以下几种形式：withsb./sth./sth.doing sth.doing sth.：doing sth.doing sth.与与sb./sb./sth.是主谓是主谓关系，表主动动作在持续中。关系，表主动动作在持续中。withsb./sth./sth
17、.to to do do：to to do do与与sb./sb./sth.是是主主谓谓关关系系，表表主主动动，也也可可以以是是主动表被动。动作尚未发生。主动表被动。动作尚未发生。withsb./sth./sth.v v.ed：v v.ed d与与sb./sb./sth.是是动动宾宾关关系系，表表被被动动或或动动作作已已完完成。成。withsb./sth./sth.n n././adj./advadv././介词短语，表示宾语介词短语，表示宾语sb./sth.处于某种状态。处于某种状态。2021/8/11 星期三19I cant go out with all these dishes to
18、wash.有有这么多碗碟要洗，我不能出去。么多碗碟要洗，我不能出去。He lay in bed with his head covered.他蒙着他蒙着头躺在床上。躺在床上。With John away，weve got more room.约翰离开后我翰离开后我们有了更大的空有了更大的空间。He was asleep with his head on his arms.他他头枕在胳膊上睡着了。枕在胳膊上睡着了。2021/8/11 星期三20应用应用4.动词形式填空动词形式填空It was a pity that the great writer died with his works _(f
19、inish)答案：答案：unfinished2021/8/11 星期三21 The church and many people tended to ignore the facts and were unwilling to challenge what they had always comfortably believed.(教教材材P42)教教会会和和许多多人人经常常忽忽视事事实，不不愿愿意意去去挑挑战他他们一一直直舒舒舒舒服服服服所所相相信信的一切。的一切。归纳归纳tend to趋向于；向于；经常做常做Women tend to live longer than men.女人往往比男
20、人女人往往比男人长寿。寿。Modern camera design tends to simplicity.现代相机代相机设计得越来越得越来越简单。2021/8/11 星期三22拓展拓展tend to 可以表示可以表示“照料；护理照料；护理”的意思。的意思。She has two patients to tend to.她有两个病人要看护。她有两个病人要看护。提示：提示：ignore vt.不顾，忽视不顾，忽视It would be a mistake to ignore their advice.无视他们的忠告将是错误的。无视他们的忠告将是错误的。It is not a question t
21、hat can be ignored.这不是个可以忽视的问题。这不是个可以忽视的问题。2021/8/11 星期三23应用应用5.完成句子完成句子It is impolite_(不顾客人不顾客人)at table.答案：答案：to ignore guests2021/8/11 星期三24 At first，people approved of his studies and urged him to continue，.(教材教材P42)起初，人起初，人们赞同他的研究并鼓励他同他的研究并鼓励他继续进行，行，2021/8/11 星期三25He urged on us the necessity o
22、f patience.他他对我我们强强调忍耐是必要的。忍耐是必要的。The report urged that all children be taught to swim.这份份报告呼吁告呼吁给所有的儿童教授游泳。所有的儿童教授游泳。比较：比较：urge与与encourage(1)urge指用力指用力驱使向前，犹如用鞭策使向前，犹如用鞭策马一一样。He urged his horse along with whip and spurs.他用他用马鞭和鞭和马刺策刺策马前前进。(2)encourage指指对于意志薄弱的人加以鼓励。于意志薄弱的人加以鼓励。My teacher encouraged
23、 me to do so.我的老我的老师鼓励我鼓励我这样做。做。2021/8/11 星期三26提示：提示：approve vt.批准，通过批准，通过approve of赞成，赞许赞成，赞许The course is approved by the Department for Education.课程已获教育部核准。课程已获教育部核准。2021/8/11 星期三27应用应用6.I was greatly_by the masters inspiring speech.AencouragedBurgedCencouraging Durging答案：答案：A2021/8/11 星期三28 But
24、even though Aristotle was a great man who inspired many great scientists and philosophers after him，he was wrong at times.(教教材材P43)但但是是既既使使是是亚里里士士多多德德这样一一位位鼓鼓舞舞了了他他以以后后许多多科科学学家家和和哲哲学学家家的的伟大人物，有大人物，有时也是也是错误的。的。归纳归纳at times有有时，不，不时(sometimes)At times I ride to the countryside to relax myself.有有时我我骑车去去
25、乡下放松一下自己。下放松一下自己。We hold a small party at times.有有时我我们会会举办一个小型聚会。一个小型聚会。2021/8/11 星期三29拓展拓展time的相关短语：的相关短语：at one time曾经曾经at a time一次一次at all time一直一直at no time决不决不in no time立即，马上立即，马上Because of his strict father，he left home at one time.由于他严厉的父亲，他曾一度离家出去。由于他严厉的父亲，他曾一度离家出去。提提示示：at no time放放在在句句首首时时，
26、句句子子用用部部分分倒倒装装，同同样样用用法法的的还还有有in no case，by no means，under/in no circumstances等。等。At no time will I give up.我决不放弃。我决不放弃。2021/8/11 星期三30应用应用7.When can I use your computer?Never！_should you touch it.AAt no time BAt timesCAt one time DIn no time答案：答案：A2021/8/11 星期三31 In other words，we learn more every d
27、ay and none of us can ever sit back and say，“We know it all”(教教材材P43)换句句话说，我我们每每天天都都在在学学习更多的更多的东西，西，谁也不能自信地也不能自信地说：“我都知道我都知道”。归纳归纳in other words换句句话说、也就是、也就是说They asked him to leavein other words he was fired.他他们请他走人，也就是他走人，也就是说，他被解雇了。，他被解雇了。2021/8/11 星期三32拓展拓展word构成的其他常见短语：构成的其他常见短语：by word of mout
28、h口头上，经口述口头上，经口述have a word in sb.s ear与与说私话，与说私话，与密谈密谈in a word简言之；一句话；总之简言之；一句话；总之word for word一字不差地一字不差地in word口头上口头上(与与in deed“行动上行动上”相对相对)“Would you like to help us？”“你愿意帮助我们吗？你愿意帮助我们吗？”“In a word，no.”“一句话，不愿意。一句话，不愿意。”2021/8/11 星期三33应用应用8.完成句子完成句子When you read a passage，you neednt translate eve
29、ry sentence_(逐字地逐字地)答案：答案：word for word2021/8/11 星期三34 Why did Aristotle assume that the sun moved around the Earth？(教材教材P43)为什么什么亚里士多德里士多德认为太阳太阳绕着地球着地球转？归纳归纳assume vt.假定；假假定；假设assumen.pron.to be以以为是是If hes not here in five minutes，well assume that he isnt coming.如如果他五分果他五分钟之内不来，我之内不来，我们将假定他不来了。将假定他
30、不来了。Assuming it rains tomorrow，what will we do?假假设明天下雨，我明天下雨，我们该做什么呢？做什么呢？I had assumed him(to be)an American.我原以我原以为他是美国人。他是美国人。2021/8/11 星期三35比较：比较：assume与与guessassume假假定定，设设想想，认认为为，指指很很少少或或完完全全无无根根据据的的心心理理推推测测，并并非非合乎逻辑的推理，或指为论证而提出有一定根据的假设。合乎逻辑的推理，或指为论证而提出有一定根据的假设。guess猜猜测测，猜猜想想，为为最最常常用用词词，指指毫毫无无根
31、根据据仅仅凭凭个个人人主主观观臆臆断断或或碰碰运气的猜测。运气的猜测。应用应用9.用用assume与与guess的适当形式填空的适当形式填空(1)Can you_the price?(2)I didnt see your car，so I_you have gone out.答案：答案：(1)guess(2)assumed2021/8/11 星期三36These men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for；more vital to a man，and more beneficial to mankind，
32、some might say，than all the money in the world.(教教材材P43)他他们懂懂得得知知识和和理理解解是是要要奋斗斗的的事事情情，有有人人说，对一一个个人人或或人人类来来说，它它比比世世界界上上所所有有的的金金钱都重要和有益。都重要和有益。归纳归纳be beneficial to对有益有益beneficial adj.有用的；有益的有用的；有益的Sunshine is beneficial to plants.阳光阳光对植物有益。植物有益。The manager has signed a contract that is beneficial to o
33、ur company.经理已理已经签订了一了一项对我我们公司有利的合同。公司有利的合同。2021/8/11 星期三37拓展拓展benefit v有益，获益，有益，获益，n.利益利益benefit sb.对某人有益对某人有益benefit from从从中获益中获益be of benefit to sb.对对有益有益What he said will benefit us in many ways.他说的话在许多方面对我们有益。他说的话在许多方面对我们有益。2021/8/11 星期三38应用应用10.完成句子完成句子Ill never forget the activity_(从从中中我我受受益许
34、多益许多)答案：答案：from which I benefited a lot 2021/8/11 星期三392021/8/11 星期三40.介词或副词填空介词或副词填空根据句意，用合适的介根据句意，用合适的介词或副或副词填空。填空。1 You have no right to say anything on our business，to start_.答案：答案：with2 Public opinions are going _him and he may fail _the election.答案：答案：against；in2021/8/11 星期三413He puts_a constr
35、uctive suggestion and we all hope it will work.答案：答案：forward4I dont believe_the myth of love at the first sight.答案：答案：in5He is not at all exciting；_fact it is really rather common place.答案：答案：in6Wed better focus_his facial expressions.答案：答案：on2021/8/11 星期三427She is not accustomed_her family business
36、，but she will try to understand it as soon as possible.答案：答案：to8She is so clever that she worked_this math question in another simple way.答案：答案：out9The church and many people preferred to make assumptions _the world based_the experience of others.答案：答案：about；on2021/8/11 星期三4310Galilei is now known_t
37、he father of astronomy but he believed that the earth moved round the sun_a perfect circle.答案：答案：as；in2021/8/11 星期三44.完成句子完成句子根据根据汉语，完成下列英，完成下列英语句子。句子。11我我习惯了早起床做早操。了早起床做早操。I_getting up early to do morning exercise.答案：答案：am accustomed to12她她强强烈要求我向他道歉。烈要求我向他道歉。She_apologize to him.答案：答案：urged that I
38、 should2021/8/11 星期三4513在完成作在完成作业之前我父母不允之前我父母不允许我看我看电视。My parents dont_me watching TV before I finish my homework.答案：答案：approve of14这些改些改变在有些方面有好在有些方面有好处，但是在，但是在别的方面不是如此。的方面不是如此。The changes_in some ways but not in others.答案：答案：are beneficial15他的他的绘画画显然是受了莫奈作品的启示。然是受了莫奈作品的启示。His paintings were clearly_Monets work.答案：答案：inspired by2021/8/11 星期三46练规范、练技能、练速度2021/8/11 星期三472021/8/11 星期三48