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1、实验一培养基的配制与灭菌 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望2 Sterilization destruction of all forms of microbial life,destruction of all forms of microbial life,including endosporesincluding endospores.Physical MethodsMoist heatAutoclavingAction-protein den
2、aturation.Very effective method of sterilization;at about 15 psi(Ib/in2)of pressure(121C 250F),all vegetative cells and their endospores are killed in about 15 min.Dry heatDirect flamingexample:Inoculation loopHot-air sterilizationBaking in oven Very effective method of sterilization,but requires te
3、mperature of 170C 340 Ffor about 2 hr.FiltrationlSeparation of bacteria from suspending liquid.lRemoves microbes by passage of a liquid or gas through a screen like material.Most filters consist of diatomaceous earth,cellulose acetate or nitrocellulose.l0.45 m filters removes most bacteria,l0.20 m m
4、ore inclusive,viruses need 0.01 m.lUseful for sterilizing liquids(enzymes,vaccines)that are destroyed by heat.三 实验材料与器材l培养基:牛肉膏、蛋白胨、琼脂、可溶性淀粉、葡萄糖、孟加拉红、链霉素、1mol/LNaOH、1mol/LHCl、KNO3、K2HPO43H2OMgSO47H2OFeSO47H2O.l器材:玻璃器皿、天平、pH试纸、灭菌锅等四 操作步骤称量溶解调pH*(过滤*)分装*加塞*包扎高压蒸汽灭菌高压蒸汽灭菌灭菌操作步骤l首先将内层灭菌桶取出,再向外层锅内加入适量的水,
5、使水面与三角搁架相平为宜。放回灭菌桶,并装入待灭菌物品。注意不要装得太挤,以免防碍蒸汽流通而影响灭菌效果。三角烧瓶与试管口端均不要与桶壁接触,以免冷凝水淋湿包口的纸而透入棉塞。加盖,并将盖上的排气软管插入内层灭菌桶的排气槽内。再以两两对称的方式同时旋紧相对的两个螺栓,使螺栓松紧一致,勿使漏气。开启电源加热,并同时打开排气阀,使水沸腾以排除锅内的冷空气。待冷空气完全排尽后,关上排气阀,让锅内的温度随蒸汽压力增加而逐渐上升。当锅内压力升到所需压力时,控制热源,维持压力至所需时间。本实验用1.05kg/cm2,121.3,20min灭菌。灭菌所需时间到后,切断电源,让灭菌锅内温度自然下降,当压力表的压力降至0时,打开排气阀,旋松螺栓,打开盖子,取出灭菌物品。如果压力未降到0时,打开排气阀,就会因锅内压力突然下降,使容器内的培养基由于内外压力不平衡而冲出烧瓶口或试管口,造成棉塞沾染培养基而发生污染。将取出的灭菌培养基放入37温箱培养24h,经检查若无杂菌生长,即可待用。五注意事项l培养基分装过程中注意不要使培养基沾在管口或瓶口上,以免沾污棉塞而引起污染。l使用灭菌锅应严格按照操作程序进行。灭菌所需时间到后,要先切断电源,让灭菌锅内温度自然下降,当压力表的压力降至0时,才能打开排气阀。六思考题l在配制培养基的操作过程要注意哪些问题?l高压蒸汽灭菌时,为什么要先将灭菌锅锅内的冷空气完全排尽?