完型填空专题指导.ppt

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1、完型填空专题指导 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望完型填空考察的能力快速阅读快速阅读1 1判断，推理，分析判断，推理，分析2 2词汇语法词汇语法3 3背景知识生活常识背景知识生活常识4 4命题趋势夹叙夹议为主，且第一句不设空夹叙夹议为主，且第一句不设空夹叙夹议为主，且第一句不设空夹叙夹议为主，且第一句不设空辨析词义，以实词为主辨析词义，以实词为主辨析词义，以实词为主辨析词义，以实词为主试题型稳定，选项独具匠心试题型稳定，选项独具匠心试题型稳定，选项独

2、具匠心试题型稳定，选项独具匠心突出语篇突出语篇突出语篇突出语篇长句增加，句式灵活，结构复杂长句增加，句式灵活，结构复杂长句增加，句式灵活，结构复杂长句增加，句式灵活，结构复杂完形填空解题步骤完形填空解题步骤1.细读首句，通读全文（猜测并行）2.精读全文，瞻前顾后（首尾呼应）3.先易后难，迂回解题（句子、段落、语篇）4.复核检查，查漏补缺（不离中心）原词、近义词、反义词、贬义/褒义词、固定搭配、上下文信息、连词、常识等。上下文连贯、合乎逻辑、前后呼应有把握的不再改动，不满意的再仔细推敲，把错误降到最低限度“意在先意在先,形在后形在后,意中求形意中求形,无意无形无意无形”Key to succes

3、s三读：粗读、精读、回读三推：据上句推下句 据下句推上句 据全文推难句三身份：author actor examinee三情：真、善、美一颗感恩的心，一份真挚的情，一种坚强的毅力，一种创新的精神，一股不服输的勇气，一种不怕难的决心小事见真情磨难出真金理解与感恩1 充分利用身边的教辅材料。（课本，试卷）2 选择补充性材料（21世纪报，优美句子朗诵材料）。3 语篇缺词填空。4 开设专题探讨课。School was over and I was both mentally and physically tired.I sat at the very front of the bus because

4、of my anxiety to get home.Sitting at the front makes you stand out like a shiny coin in a pile of dull pennies.Janie,the driver,tries to break the uncomfortable atmosphere by striking the match of conversation.I try to mind my manners and sincerely listen,but usually I am too busy thinking about my

5、day.On this day,however her conversation was worth listening to.“My fathers sick,”she said to no one in particular.I could see the anxiety and fear in her eyes.With a sudden change of attitude and interest,I asked,“Whats wrong with him?”With her eyes wet and her voice tight from fighting the tears,s

6、he responded,“Heart trouble.”Her eyes lowered as she continued.“Ive already lost my mum,so I dont think I can stand losing him.”I couldnt respond.I was in shock.My heart ached for her.I sat on the old,smelly seat thinking the great pain my own mother was thrown into when her father died.I saw how ha

7、rd it was,and still is,for her.I wouldnt like anyone to go through that.Suddenly I realized Janie wasnt only a bus driver.That was just her job.She had a whole world of family and concerns too.I had never thought of her as anything but a driver.I suddenly felt very selfish.I realized I had only thou

8、ght of people as much as what their purposes were in my life.I paid no attention to Janie because she was a bus driver.I had judged her by her job and brushed her off as unimportant.For all I know,Im just another person in someone elses world,and may not even be important.I should not have been so s

9、elfish and self-centered.Everyone has places to go,people to see and appointments to keep.Understanding people is an art.解题技巧熟词僻意熟词僻意熟词僻意熟词僻意词汇辨析词汇辨析词汇辨析词汇辨析首句首句首句首句首句不设空，是了解全文的窗口。首句不设空，是了解全文的窗口。可依据其判断文章的大意乃至主题可依据其判断文章的大意乃至主题常识常识常识常识语法分析语法分析语法分析语法分析文化背景文化背景文化背景文化背景照应照应照应照应同义反义同义反义同义反义同义反义暗示暗示暗示暗示固定搭

10、配固定搭配固定搭配固定搭配复现复现复现复现策略一：巧用首句信息策略一：巧用首句信息 利用首句判断文章体裁、中心话题利用首句判断文章体裁、中心话题“What is it like to have a gap between your teeth?”a girl asked me one day.Nobody had ever 36 before.My hand unconsciously rose to cover my mouth.But,as she looked at me,sincerely waiting for 37 ,I realized she was not trying to

11、 be rude.“I never think about it,”I truthfully replied.She nodded and turned away.I was left wondering if people 38 me and saw only gappy teeth.(2012湖南卷湖南卷)36.A.faced B.guessed C.askedD.imagined37.A.an offerB.an answer C.a suggestionD.a result38.A.heard ofB.thought of C.talked aboutD.looked at 策略一：巧

12、用首句信息策略一：巧用首句信息利用首句判断时间、人物和事件及故事的发展利用首句判断时间、人物和事件及故事的发展“Just sign here,sir,”the deliveryman said as he handed Oscar Reyna a package.The package consisted of a long,narrow box 21 wrapped in brown paper.22 the box,Oscar saw an umbrella insidea very old one with a beautifully carved wooden handle.23 he

13、 had not seen it in more than 20 years,he recognized it 24 .(2012浙江卷浙江卷)21.A strictly B.carefully C.roughly D.casually22.A.Opening B.Seizing C.Observing D.Searching23.A.After B.When C.Since D.Although24.A.clearly B.fully C.immediately D.suddenly 策略一：巧用首句信息策略一：巧用首句信息 依据首句判断文体特征和故事的叙述脉络依据首句判断文体特征和故事的叙

14、述脉络 That holiday morning I didnt have to attend school.Usually,on holidays,Mother 36 me to sleep in.And I would certainly take full advantage of it.On this particular morning,37 ,I felt like getting up early.(2012江西卷江西卷)36.A.forcesB.allowsC.causesD.forbids37.A.otherwiseB.thereforeC.howeverD.besides

15、策略二：利用上下文语境策略二：利用上下文语境 利用语境判断情感变化，把握故事的跌宕起伏利用语境判断情感变化，把握故事的跌宕起伏“Mama,when I grow up,Im going to be one of those!”I said this after seeing the Capital Dancing Company perform when I was three.It was the first time that my 36 took on a vivid form and acted as something important to start my training.A

16、s I grew older and was 37 to more,my interests in the world of dance 38 varied but that little girls dream of someday becoming a 39 in the company never left me.In the summer of 2005 when I was 18,I received the phone call which made that dream a 40 ;I became a member of the company 41 back to 1925.

17、(2012北京）36.A.hobbyB.planC.dreamD.word37.A.connectedB.expanded C.exposedD.extended38.A.rarelyB.certainlyC.probablyD.consistently39.A.directorB.trainerC.leaderD.dancer40.A.symbolB.memoryC.truthD.reality41.A.bouncingB.datingC.turningD.tracking 策略二：利用上下文语境策略二：利用上下文语境利用语境判断固定搭配，理清叙述的逻辑关系利用语境判断固定搭配，理清叙述的逻

18、辑关系 Body language is the quiet,secret and most powerful language of all!It speaks 36 than words.According to specialists,our bodies send out more 37 than we realize.In fact,non-verbal communication(非语言交际)takes up about 50%of what we really 38 .And body language is particularly 39 when we attempt to

19、communicate across cultures.Indeed,what is called body language is so 40 a part of us that its actually often unnoticed.And misunderstandings occur as a result of it.41 different societies treat the 42 between people differently.36.A.straighterB.louderC.harderD.further37.A.soundsB.invitations C.feel

20、ingsD.messages38.A.hopeB.receiveC.discoverD.mean39.A.immediatelyB.misleadingC.important D.difficult40.A.wellB.farC.muchD.long41.A.For example B.ThusC.However D.In short42.A.tradeB.distanceC.connectionsD.greeting 策略三：根据文化背景知识及生活常识策略三：根据文化背景知识及生活常识 例例1 After 2 the British flag at the Pole,they took a

21、photograph of themselves before they started the 950-mile journey back.2.A.growingB.puttingC.plantingD.laying例例2 Salina Joe began to 2 when she was one-year old.2.A.sayB.cryC.singD.talk例例3 Every morning she would give him breakfast in bed and bring hi the paper to 30 .30.A.checkB.readC.keepD.sign例例4

22、 Owning springs and streams sometimes means control,particularly in the 37 areas like the desert.37.A.dryB.distantC.deserted D.wild策略四：灵活掌握实词在句子中的应用策略四：灵活掌握实词在句子中的应用 例例1 When I first started 43 the practice sessions,I didnt even know the rules of the game,much 44 what I was doing.(2011北京卷北京卷)43.A.en

23、joyingB.preparingC.attending D.watching44.A.lessB.laterC.worseD.further 例例2 Dad was always at his best in any 44 ,but at this moment he 45 .(2011重庆卷重庆卷)44.A.dangerB.placeC.sportD.job45.A.sufferedB.fellC.frozeD.withdrew 动词辨析动词辨析策略四：灵活掌握实词在句子中的应用策略四：灵活掌握实词在句子中的应用 名词词辨析名词词辨析例例3 I first went to hear a l

24、ive rock concert when I was eight years old.My brother and his friends were all 36 of a heavy metal group called Black Wednesday.(2011山山东卷东卷)36.A.membersB.friendsC.fansD.volunteers 策略四：灵活掌握实词在句子中的应用策略四：灵活掌握实词在句子中的应用 形容词和副词辨析形容词和副词辨析例4 After a few minutes,the lights went down and everybody became 42

25、.(2011山东卷)42.A.comfortableB.quiet C.seriousD.nervous例5 46 ,she found just the help she needed for relaunch(重新开张)47 continuing education at George Brown College.(2011福建卷)46.A.NaturallyB.Gradually C.LuckilyD.Clearly47.A.throughB.for C.beforeD.with策略五：巧用固定结构策略五：巧用固定结构 利用对比结构解题利用对比结构解题 例例1 A pupil who c

26、an do his homework in a quiet and 59 room is in a much better position than a pupil who does his homework in a small,noisy room with the television on.59.A.furnishedB.expensiveC.comfortableD.suitable 例例2 If he did not know them,he would greet them with a few words about the weather,15 he did,he woul

27、d ask about their families or make 16 ,always cutting his cloth 17 his customers.15.A.and thenB.and soC.even ifD.but if策略五：巧用固定结构策略五：巧用固定结构 利用平行结构解题利用平行结构解题 例例3 Many people now think that teachers give pupils too much homework.They say that it is 51 for children to work at home in their free time.52

28、 ,they argue that most teachers do not 53 plan the homework tasks they give to pupils.51.A.unnecessaryB.uninteresting C.unfortunateD.unimportant52.A.NeverthelessB.However C.ThereforeD.Moreover53.A.considerablyB.favorably C.properlyD.pleasantly例例4 Companies with low accident rates plan their safety p

29、rograms,work hard to organize them,and continue working to keep them 42 and active.42.A.aliveB.vividC.mobileD.diverse策略五：巧用固定结构策略五：巧用固定结构 利用暗示和对应解题利用暗示和对应解题 例例5he would join student groups to discuss a variety of 47 :agriculture,diving and mathematics.47.A.questionsB.subjectsC.mattersD.contents 例例6

30、Everybody moved quickly in order to 6 the seats they wanted.I was 7 to get a seat near the tail,but6.A.fetchB.holdC.keepD.get 策略六：把握文章脉络综合推理判断策略六：把握文章脉络综合推理判断 例例1 When Ed first phoned and 37 (suggested)we play,I laughed quietly,figuring on an 38 (easy)victory.After all,Eds idea of 39 (exercise)has a

31、lways been noting more 40 (effort-making)than lifting a fork to his mouth.41 (As long as)I can remember,Eds been the least physically fit member in the family,and 42 (strangely)proud of himself.His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers.解析：读这部分，我们明显看到作者是看不懂解析：读这部分，我们明显

32、看到作者是看不懂Ed的，用词有的，用词有laughed，victory，nothing more than，least fit，strangely，big stomach等。这样的描述，我们很容易地想等。这样的描述，我们很容易地想到，到，“我我”与与Ed比赛，那简直就是易如反掌（比赛，那简直就是易如反掌（an easy victory），在），在“我我”眼中他那么差，而他自以为自豪，我们怎眼中他那么差，而他自以为自豪，我们怎么会觉得不奇怪呢（么会觉得不奇怪呢（strangely）？因此，从对人物反面的描述）？因此，从对人物反面的描述中，我们得出答案就不难了。中，我们得出答案就不难了。策略六：把

33、握文章脉络综合推理判断策略六：把握文章脉络综合推理判断 例例2 I was so surprised that I was 47 (speechless).My cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape.48 (As a result),at the point in our game when Id have predicted the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor,it was 49 (instead)7 to 9 and Ed was 50 (leading).解析：解析

34、：surprise一词道出了情况的转折，我们可以看到这时作一词道出了情况的转折，我们可以看到这时作者用词的转变。者用词的转变。made an effort，get into shape等这些褒义等这些褒义词的使用对这些空的选择起到了很好的引导作用。词的使用对这些空的选择起到了很好的引导作用。speechless，instead都是由惊讶得出的。都是由惊讶得出的。策略六：把握文章脉络综合推理判断策略六：把握文章脉络综合推理判断 例例3 And the clerk confirmed that his plane was leaving at nine oclock three days from

35、 that daySince he was 44 in three days,Andy didnt lose anytime.44.A.movingB.returningC.stayingD.leaving 例例4 Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink their 12 .12.A.exercisesB.defectsC.mistakesD.tests What does it matter in the course o

36、f a lifetime if a father never tells a son what he really thinks of him?47 as I stood before Daniel,I knew that it did matter.My father and I loved each other.Yet,always regretted never hearing him put his feelings into words.47.A.But B.And C.Instead D.So策略七：把握文章脉络综合推理判断策略七：把握文章脉络综合推理判断 School child

37、ren loved visiting the gentle creature,who would _52_（lick)them and didnt mind being _53_.The companys stock has dropped as much as 90 percent in the last four years as it lost _53_ to competitors.A.land B.groundC.soil D.earthCarrickhoff said,“She walked off into the woods and we never saw her again

38、,”she said.“We _49_ those woods we never found anything.熟词僻意combpet文化背景Four years later,I moved back into _51(town）_I saw many people were having a really hard time,_52(losing)_ their jobs and homes.I managed to rent a big enough house to _53(take in)_ a handful of people.There are four of us now in

39、 the house，but over time Ive had nine people come in and move on to other places.Wed all be in _54_ if we hadnt banded together.u54A.yards Bshelters Ccamps Dcottages根据中国文化背景，这四个词都能说得通，但在英语国家里，shelter 尤指为无家可归者提供的收容所。Getting delivered in a box to my sisters house!I _44_ myself just showing up,knocking

40、 at her door.A.witnessedB.pictured C.considered D.recognized Thanks to a combination of young business,large numbers of university students and revitalization(新生）efforts by the local and national governments,todays Nanjing has an _36_of youthful exuberance(茂盛）-A.advance B.affectionC.air D.ability 巩固

41、练习：熟词僻意airpicturestoodI did not know what to do with it.I only knew five dollars was a(n)nearly unimaginable amount of money.Only one plate of peas _46_ between me and the possession of that five dollars.A.contained B.placedC.existed D.stood文化背景Four years later,I moved back into _51(town）_I saw many

42、 people were having a really hard time,_52(losing)_ their jobs and homes.I managed to rent a big enough house to _53(take in)_ a handful of people.There are four of us now in the house，but over time Ive had nine people come in and move on to other places.Wed all be in _54_ if we hadnt banded togethe

43、r.u54A.yards Bshelters Ccamps Dcottages根据中国文化背景，这四个词都能说得通，但在英语国家里，shelter 尤指为无家可归者提供的收容所。文化背景Four years later,I moved back into _51(town）_I saw many people were having a really hard time,_52(losing)_ their jobs and homes.I managed to rent a big enough house to _53(take in)_ a handful of people.There

44、 are four of us now in the house，but over time Ive had nine people come in and move on to other places.Wed all be in _54_ if we hadnt banded together.u54A.yards Bshelters Ccamps Dcottages根据中国文化背景，这四个词都能说得通，但在英语国家里，shelter 尤指为无家可归者提供的收容所。钻研完型：钻研完型：对以往的做完的同一篇文本也要反复阅读。对以往的做完的同一篇文本也要反复阅读。复读的作用：复读的作用：一、看出上下文之间千丝万缕的联系。一、看出上下文之间千丝万缕的联系。二、书读百遍，其义自现。二、书读百遍，其义自现。通过反复精读做过的完型填空来提高自己的水平通过反复精读做过的完型填空来提高自己的水平，进而在面临从未见过的题目时，进而在面临从未见过的题目时,也能进行灵活也能进行灵活的的,由此及彼的知识的迁移。由此及彼的知识的迁移。