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1、Who wrote this book?=This book _by Mark Twain.was writtenMark Twain wrote this book.What is the man doing?He is feeding 2 dogs.=2 dogs _ by him.are being fedWhen shall we use the passive voice?1.Use the passive voice when you want to emphasize the receiver,rather than the doer of an action.e.g.Willi
2、am watered the flowers.The flowers were watered.2.Use the passive voice when you do not know the doer of an action.e.g.These books are written for teenagers.3.Use the passive voice when you want to be polite,or when you do not want to identify the doer of an action.e.g.You are warmly invited to a pa
3、rty.Put the following sentences into passive voice1.In the late 1970s students revived the tradition.2.Today,people in Venice celebrate carnival for five days in February.3.The government will build more roads to solve the problem of traffic jams.In the late 1970s the tradition was revived by the st
4、udents.Today,carnival is celebrated in Venice for five days in February.一般现在时的被动语态：一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+过去分词过去分词一般过去时的被动语态：一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+过去分词过去分词一般将来时的被动语态：一般将来时的被动语态：will be+过去分词过去分词More roads will be built to solve the problem of traffic jams by the government.4.Wait a moment.My mother is co
5、oking lunch.5.People were hunting the wolf everywhere last year.Wait a moment.Lunch is being cooked by my mother.The wolf was being hunted everywhere last year.现在进行时的被动语态：现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are+being+过去分词过去分词过去进行时的被动语态：过去进行时的被动语态：was/were+being+过去分词过去分词6.People have done a lot to protect the environme
6、nt.7.They had put out the fire before the firefighters arrived.A lot has been done to protect the environment.The fire had been put out before the firefighters arrived.现在完成时的被动语态：现在完成时的被动语态：has/have+been+过去分词过去分词过去完成时的被动语态：过去完成时的被动语态：had+been+过去分词过去分词1.谓语动词被动语态的构成谓语动词被动语态的构成(be的各种时态的各种时态+过去分词过去分词)时态
7、时态被动语态形式被动语态形式(以以do为例为例)一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时将来完成时将来完成时过去将来完成时过去将来完成时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时am/is/are donewas/were donewill/shall be donewould/should be donehave/has been donehad been donewill/shall have been donewould/should have been doneam/is/are being donewas/
8、were being done2.语态转换时需注意的问题：语态转换时需注意的问题：1)含有双宾语的主动句变为被动时有两种变化：含有双宾语的主动句变为被动时有两种变化：把间接宾语把间接宾语(指人指人)变为被动句的主语，直接宾变为被动句的主语，直接宾语不变。语不变。把直接宾语把直接宾语(指物指物)变为被动句的主语，这时，变为被动句的主语，这时，间接宾语要用介词间接宾语要用介词to/for等引出。等引出。He showed me his pictures.I was shown his pictures by him.His pictures were shown to me by him.My a
9、unt made me a new dress.I was made a new dress by my aunt.A new dress was made for me by my aunt.2)含有复合宾语含有复合宾语(宾语宾语+宾补宾补)的主动句变为被动的主动句变为被动时，时，宾补一般不变。但在感官动词和使让动词后面，如宾补一般不变。但在感官动词和使让动词后面，如果宾补为不定式，变为被动时，不定式要带果宾补为不定式，变为被动时，不定式要带to。They call her Xiao Li.She is called Xiao Li.Our parents often make us stu
10、dy hard.We are often made to study hard by our parents.3)由由“动词动词+prep./adv.”构成的短语动词变被动时构成的短语动词变被动时要看成一个整体，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。要看成一个整体，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。He worked out the problem in five minutes.The problem was worked out in five minutes.Mother is looking after the baby.The baby is being looked after by Mother.4
11、)由由”动词动词+名词名词+介词介词”构成的短语动词变为被构成的短语动词变为被动时有两种变化：可以把动词后的名词或介词后的动时有两种变化：可以把动词后的名词或介词后的名词变为被动句的主语。如：名词变为被动句的主语。如：The nurses take good care of the wounded.The wounded are taken good care of by the nurses.Good care is taken of the wounded by the nurses.We must make full use of our time to study.Our time m
12、ust be made full use of to study.Full use must be made of our time to study.3.确定谓语动词的主被动时应注意的问题：确定谓语动词的主被动时应注意的问题：1)不及物动词没有被动语态，如：不及物动词没有被动语态，如：happen,take place,occur,break out,run out(用完用完),fall,appear,disappear,remain,exist,etc.2)感官系动词感官系动词taste,smell,look,feel,sound,seem等常用主等常用主 动形式表示被动含义。动形式表示被
13、动含义。3)当动词当动词open,close,shut,read,write,wash,clean,lock,sell,wear,cut,cook等用作不及物动词，说明主语的性质等用作不及物动词，说明主语的性质 特征或状态时，常用主动表被动特征或状态时，常用主动表被动,这时，它们常和这时，它们常和badly,hardly,easily,well,smoothly,long等副词连用。等副词连用。4.有些动词看似及物动词，但宾语并非动作的承受者，因有些动词看似及物动词，但宾语并非动作的承受者，因 此也不用被动语态，如此也不用被动语态，如:belong to,suit,fit(适合适合),have
14、,let,join,last(持续持续),cost(花费花费),hold(容纳容纳)，lack(缺缺 乏乏)，agree with(同意同意),consist of(由由.组成组成),mean(意意 味着味着),contain等。等。e.g.The door doesnt open easily.Bikes of that kind hardly sell.Your hands feel cold.That house belongs to my mother.The room can contain 100 students.Two students remained after class
15、.Our class consists of 60 students.My money is running out.4.非谓语动词主动表被动的情况：非谓语动词主动表被动的情况：1)need,want,require1)need,want,require等动词以及形容词等动词以及形容词等动词以及形容词等动词以及形容词worthworth后面后面后面后面,常跟动词常跟动词常跟动词常跟动词-ing-ing形式形式形式形式,用主动形式表达被动意义。如用主动形式表达被动意义。如用主动形式表达被动意义。如用主动形式表达被动意义。如:This dictionary is well worth This d
16、ictionary is well worth buyingbuying.The baby requires The baby requires looking afterlooking after carefully.carefully.2)easy,difficult,hard,heavy,fit,comfortable2)easy,difficult,hard,heavy,fit,comfortable等形等形等形等形 容词后面跟动词不定式容词后面跟动词不定式容词后面跟动词不定式容词后面跟动词不定式,用主动形式表被动意义用主动形式表被动意义用主动形式表被动意义用主动形式表被动意义,并且该
17、不定式与句子的主语或宾语须具备逻辑上并且该不定式与句子的主语或宾语须具备逻辑上并且该不定式与句子的主语或宾语须具备逻辑上并且该不定式与句子的主语或宾语须具备逻辑上 的动宾关系。如的动宾关系。如的动宾关系。如的动宾关系。如:I found him difficult I found him difficult to get on withto get on with.The chair is comfortable The chair is comfortable to sit into sit in.The water is fit The water is fit to drinkto dr
18、ink.The box is heavy The box is heavy to carryto carry.3)3)3)3)不定式作定语不定式作定语不定式作定语不定式作定语,其逻辑主语是句子的主语、间接其逻辑主语是句子的主语、间接其逻辑主语是句子的主语、间接其逻辑主语是句子的主语、间接 宾语或说话人时宾语或说话人时宾语或说话人时宾语或说话人时,用动词不定式的主动形式表被用动词不定式的主动形式表被用动词不定式的主动形式表被用动词不定式的主动形式表被 动意义。如动意义。如动意义。如动意义。如:She has an old grandfather to look after.She has an
19、old grandfather to look after.Please give me a pen to write with Please give me a pen to write with4)“4)“主语系动词主语系动词主语系动词主语系动词to do”to do”结构也是主动形式表被结构也是主动形式表被结构也是主动形式表被结构也是主动形式表被 动意义动意义动意义动意义,主要用于主要用于主要用于主要用于“sth.sth.be to let/rent(be to let/rent(出租出租出租出租)”)”或或或或“sb.sb.be be to blame(to blame(受责备受责备受
20、责备受责备)”)”结构中。如结构中。如结构中。如结构中。如:Its not my fault.She is to blame.Its not my fault.She is to blame.The house is to let.The house is to let.5.记住下面固定短语和句型：记住下面固定短语和句型：1)be/get married to be faced with be located in/on.be connected with/to be dressed in be covered with be related to be crowded with be los
21、t in be seated in/at.be engaged to 2)It is hoped that It is hoped that 希望希望希望希望 It is supposed that It is supposed that 据推测说据推测说据推测说据推测说 It must be pointed out that It must be pointed out that 必须指出必须指出必须指出必须指出 It will be seen that It will be seen that 由此可以看出由此可以看出由此可以看出由此可以看出 It is said/reported tha
22、t It is said/reported that 据说据说据说据说 /据报道据报道据报道据报道 It is well known that It is well known that 众所周知众所周知众所周知众所周知 It is believed that It is believed that 有人相信有人相信有人相信有人相信 It is thought that It is thought that 人们认为人们认为人们认为人们认为 LETS DO SOME EXERCISES!Rewrite the sentences in activity 4.n1-6 on page 35n7.
23、We will teach this song on the radio.n8.They have returned the books to library.n9.They had finished the work before they went home.n10.They are planting trees at this moment.n11.They were cleaning the windows at that time.1.Venice is visited by tourists from all over the world.2.Many of the carniva
24、l masks are made by trained artists.3.Parties were given by rich people every day for a month.4.Carnival was taken to South America by the Portuguese and the Spanish.5.The Notting Hill Carnival was created by the West Indian community in London.6.Carnival is enjoyed by millions of people today.7.Thi
25、s song will be taught on the radio.8.The books have been returned to the library.9.The work had been finished before they went home.10.Trees are being planted at this moment.11.Windows were being cleaned at that time.Complete the passage using the correct form of the verbs in activity 3n1.were held
26、2.celebrated 3.was decided4.wanted5.was followed6.was discovered7.brought8.were added9.has become10.is celebrated11.is known12.climbs13.flies14.is watched15.are firedKey to the WorkbookActivity 1 1.E 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.CActivity 21.is called 2.was called 3.are given4.were filled 5.were frightenedActivity 36.were lit 7.was believed 8.are dressed9.are given 10.was rung