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1、 初中英语 之被动语态被动语态：被动语态：动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者；被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。中考中主要考察选择题被动语态的构成：被动语态的构成：be+及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词被动语态的各种时态形式被动语态的各种时态形式被动语态的各种时态形式被动语态的各种时态形式时态时态结构结构例句例句一般现在时主语+am/is/are+过去分词+其他These books are designed for children.这些书是为孩子们设计的。一般过去时主语+was/were+过去分词+其他The cars weremade in S
2、hanghai.这些车是上海生产的。一般将来时主语+will be+过去分词+其他When will the work be finished?这项工作什么时候完成？现在进行时主语+am/is/am+being+过去分词+其他A new railway is being built.一条新铁路正在修建。过去进行时主语+was/were+being+过去分词+其他The road was being widened when I passed by the village.当我经过那个村庄时，道路正在加宽。现在完成时主语+have/has been+过去分词+其他He has been sent
3、 to work in Shanghai.他已经被派往上海工作了。过去完成时主语+had been+过去分词+其他The room had been broken into before we came.我们来之前已经有人强行进过这间屋子。情态动词主语+情态动词+be+过去分词+其他Her temperature should be taken twice a day.她的体温应该一天量两次。用法例句当不知道或没必要说明动作的执行者时，用被动语态This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥于1981 年建成。需强调或突出动作的承受者时常用被动语态。此时动作的执行者由
4、by 引导且置于谓语动词之后，也可省略She is liked by everyone.她被所有人喜爱。当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态The whole village has been washed away by theflood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。The window was blown open by the wind.窗户被风吹开了。被动语态的用法用法例句表示客观的说明常用“It is过去分词that从句”句型It is said that.据说 It is believed that.据相信It is reported that.据报道It is known to al
5、l that.众所周知为了使句子简练，上下文紧凑、连贯，常使用被动语态Apples are good for health and are liked by many people.苹果对健康有益，很多人都喜欢。When he was five,he was taught how to swim.五岁的时候，他就被教会如何游泳。文章的标题、广告、新闻等用语也常使用被动语态Teachers Wanted招聘老师(省略are)Road Blocked道路堵塞(省略is)(续表)主动语态变被动语态主动语态变被动语态主动123，被动321。I wrote a story.A story was wri
6、etten by me.1.It is said that one Greater Bay Area university _ inGuangdong in the future.A.will be builtC.will buildB.buildD.is built点拨选 A 考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：据说未来会在广东省建立一所大湾区大学。由句意知，从句的主语 oneGreater Bay Area university 是动作 build 的承受者，应用被动语态，故排除 B、C 两项；由 in the future 可知，本句用一般将来时。故选 A。2.He Jiang _ to g
7、ive a speech at the graduationceremony at Harvard University last month.A.invites B.invited C.is invited D.was invited点拨选 D 考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：上个月贺江被邀请在哈佛大学的毕业典礼上演讲。根据 last month 可知应用一般过去时态；主语 He Jiang 和谓语动词 invite 存在被动关系，应用被动语态。故选 D。3.Lei Feng _ for many years,but his spirit is stillencouraging us.A.d
8、iedC.was deadB.has diedD.has been dead点拨选 D 考查现在完成时态。根据时间状语 for manyyears 可知句子要用现在完成时。die 是瞬间动词，与时间段连用时，要转化为延续性动词 be dead。故选 D。4.Students do less homework now.Usually it _ before 9 o clock in the evening.A.finishes B.finished C.is finished D.was finished4.C【解析】考查一般现在时被动语态。句意：学生现在做较少的家庭作业。通常在晚上九点前就可以
9、完成。在该句中的it指代上文中的homework，它是动词finish的承受者，该用被动语态。根据usually可知该用一般现在时。所以选C。5.I plan to build an unusual house.It _ out of old things.A.is built B.has built C.was built D.will be built5.D【解析】考查动词的时态及语态。句意：我计划建一座与众不同的房子，所建造的房子会推陈出新。根据plan可知，计划要做的事情，当然句子用一般将来时，句子是主语it指房子，it与build之间是被动关系。所以用将来时的被动语态。故选D。6.O
10、ur plan to clean the park _ tomorrow.A.Discusses B.will discuss C.will be discussed6.C【解析】考查动词的时态及语态的用法。句意：打扫公园的计划将在明天被讨论。根据tomorrow可知，句子应该用一般将来时，句子的主语plan与discuss 之间是被动关系。故选C。7.Why does the earth look blue in space?Because most of the earths surface _ by water.A.covers B.is covered C.cover D.are coveredB26.（2021邵阳中考）Lily,cars are increasing very fast nowdays.-Actually,lots of convenience _ for us.A.provided B.provides C.is provided CThanks