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1、Unit3 语法：被动语态和动词短语一、 被动语态基本构成被动语态一般由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词 be 本身无词义，但有人称、数和时态的变化。时态构成形式一般现在时am/is/aredone一般过去时was/weredone一般将来时be going to/will/shallbe done现在进行时am/is/arebeing done过去进行时was/werebeing done现在完成时have/hasbeen done过去完成时hadbeen done含情态动词情态动词be done例：is being discussed正在被讨论；is often heard经常
2、被听到；have been watered.已经被浇过；注：“get过去分词”构成被动语态：get injured受伤; get changed换衣服；get married结婚2. 不用被动语态的情况(1)系动词prove，look, sound, feel, smell, taste, seem, appear, get, grow, keep，remain等可用主动形式表示被动含义。.proves very patient . 被证明很有耐心; .remain to be seen 拭目以待(2)不及物动词drive, lock, sell, read, wash 等+副词，表主语的性质
3、特征。wash easily很容易洗；sell well很畅销；write smoothly写起来很流利(3)不定式作定语，和句子的主语构成主动关系。I have a lot of work to do. 我做工作，主动关系(4)difficult, easy, comfortable, convenient, hard, cheap, expensive等+to do时，不定式用主动形式。Those signs are hard to see clearly. 那些标志很难看清楚。I find the question difficult to answer.我发现这个问题很难回答。(5)n
4、eed/ want/require/deserve to be done=need/ want/require/deserveThe problem requires studying .The problem requires to be studied.这个问题需要研究。(6)begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, run, move用作不及物动词时。The shop closes at 6 oclock pm every day. 这家商店每天下午六点关门。(7)易错用被动语态的不及物动词：happen, last, happen to
5、，belong to, break out, come true, take place, run out, come up, come out等The weather wont last. 这种天气持续不了多久。Very little of the house remained after the fire.火灾之后，这座房子所剩无几。Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years .我的家乡十年里发生了巨大的变化。二、动词短语一些动词常与名词、副词、介词搭配构成固定的动词词组，表达固定的词义，其作用相当
6、于一个动词，我们将其称为动词短语。1动词名词have the patience有耐心；take a seat 就座catch sbs eye 吸引某人的注意力spend time 度过时光 make an effort 努力2动词介词break into破门而入believe in 信任begin with 以开始come across偶然碰到depend on 依靠see to 处理look into 调查set about 着手做agree with 同意，适合3动词副词break down 坏掉；分解；垮下来break up 打碎；分解；分手cut down 砍倒；削减get over
7、克服set off 出发；使爆炸look up 向上看put away 收起；储存pay off (付清工资后)解雇；取得成功；奏效；付清债务take over 接管turn out 结果是，证明是turn down 拒绝；把音量开小work out 解出；进展顺利；锻炼身体4动词副词介词add up to 结果是；总共put up with 忍受；容忍get on with 与相处；进展look forward to 盼望get down to 着手做break away from 挣脱；脱离catch up with 赶上；达到go in for 从事；参加come up with 想出，提出keep up with 与保持联系make up for 弥补5动词名词介词pay attention to注意make sense of 理解take the place of 代替take part in参加take pride in为自豪get hold of 抓住catch sight of 看见；发现make use of 利用take advantage of 利用make room for 为腾出空间3学科网（北京）股份有限公司