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1、SuffixSuffixVerb suffix-ate,-en,-ify,-ize(-ise):make or cause to happen 使化，使成为 e.g.create;lengthen;purify;organize,modernizeAdjective suffix1.-able,-ible:capable of 加在动词后，使动词变为形容词，其意义相当于情态动词 can+此动词被动式。所以在语义上有被动意义 enjoyable,visible,changeable,reliable2.-al,-ant,-ent,-ish,-ive,-ly,-ous,-ic,-y:having
2、nature of 表示属性 cultural,pleasant,confident,childish,active,lovely,ridiculous,fantastic,dusty3.-ennial:yearly centennial(一百周年纪念的),biennial（两年一次的）4.-escent:growing convalescent（康复期的）,adolescent5.full:full mouthful,handful6.lateral:side unilateral,multilateral7.less:without weightless（失重的）,childless8.v
3、orous:eating carnivorous（食肉的）,herbivorous（食草的）,omnivorous（杂食的）Noun Suffix1.-al,-ance,-ence,-cy,-ency,-ment,-ness:state of e.g.renewal,importance,existence,infancy,tendency,achievement,happiness2.-cide:killing insecticide,homicide(杀人犯),suicide3.-cracy:rule 统治 democracy,autocracy（独裁）4.-crat:advocate,p
4、artisan or member of 某种政体、主义的支持者 democrat,bureaucrat（官僚主义者）5.-ee:a person who receive an actionCf.examiner（主考者）examinee（应试者）；employer（雇主）employee（雇员）6.-er,-or,-ist,-eer,-ant:one who does an action employer,actor,examiner,engineer,artist,applicant7.-er:a thing which does an action tin opener（开罐器）,was
5、her（洗碗机，洗衣机）8.-ess:feminine,female actress,waitress9.-ette,-y,-ie,-let,-ling:little or small,diminutive,lovely 表示小或昵称 cigarette,kitchenette,daddy,granny,booklet,seedling（刚出芽的幼苗）,darling10.-ism:doctrine of 主义 patriotism,socialism,communism,fascism11.-itis:disease 表示炎症 bronchitis（支气管炎）,arthritis（关节炎）1
6、2.-ity:nature,state 表示抽象含义 purity,reality13.-ology:study of 学，论 psychology,biology14.-ry,-ary,-ery,-ory:place of 表示住所，场地 nursery,laboratory,library,dormitory15.-tion,-ion,-ty,-ity,-sion,-ship,-hood:condition of 表示属性 certainty,diversity,tension,livelihood,hardship1.名词后缀名词后缀 1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事
7、情或职业的人或物：worker,debtor 2)-acy,表示性质，状态，境遇 democracy,accuracy,diplomacy 3)-ance,-ence表示性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度”importance,diligence,difference,obedience 4)-ancy,-ency,表示性质，状态，行为，过程 frequency,urgency,efficiency,5)-bility,表示动作，性质，状态 possibility,flexibility,feasibility,6)-dom,表示“等级，领域，状态”freedom,kingdom,wisdom
8、 7)age:package，shortage，marriage8)ant:assistant，accountant，inhabitant9)-hood,表示资格，身份,年纪，状态 childhood,manhood,falsehood 10)-ion,-sion,-tion,-ation,-ition,表示行为的过程，结果，状况 action,solution,conclusion,destruction,expression,correction 11)-ism,表示制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为 socialism,criticism,colloquialism,heroism 12)-t
9、y,表示性质，状态，程度”purity,reality,ability,loyalty，identity13)-ment,表示行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果 treatment,movement,judgment,punishment,argument 14)-ness,表示性质，状态，程度 goodness,kindness,tiredness,friendliness 15)cy:bankruptcy，literacy，democracy 16)-ship,表示情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业”hardship,membership,friendship 17)-th,表示动作，性质，过
10、程，状态 depth,wealth,truth,length,growth18)-tude,表示性质，状态，程度 latitude,altitude(海拔)19)-ure,表示行为，结果 exposure,pressure,failure,procedure(手续)20)-grapy,表示学，写法”biography,calligraphy,geography 21)-ic,ics,表示学法 logic,mechanics,electronics,linguistics 22)-ology,表示学论”biology,zoology,technology(工艺学)23)-nomy,表示学术 as
11、tronomy,economy,bionomy(生态学)2.形容词后缀 带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义 1)-able,-ible:visible,flexible 2)名词-ish:foolish,bookish,selfish (注意accomplish,vanish)3)ive:active,sensitive,productive 4)like:manlike,childlike 5)名词-ly:manly,fatherly,scholarly,motherly 6)ory:satisfactory，illusory7)ic:realistic，specific，poetic，ener
12、getic8)ical:physical，classical，economical9)some:troublesome,handsome 10)ful:beautiful,wonderful,helpful,truthful 11)ous:dangerous,generous,courageous,12)ent:violent 13)most:foremost,topmost 14)-less:表示否定，countless,stainless,wireless 15)al:personal，internal，critical，accidental，16)ary:necessary，primar
13、y，secondary17)ious:religious，furious，precious18)y:dirty，healthy，rainy，thirsty，sunny3.动词后缀 1)-ize,ise,表示做成，变成，化“:modernize,mechanize,democratize,organize 2)-en,表示使成为，引起，使有”:quicken,weaken,soften,harden 3)-fy,表示“使化,使成”:beautify,purify,intensify,signify,simplify 4)-ish,表示使，令”:finish,abolish,diminish,establish 5)-ate,表示“成为，处理，作用”:separate,operate,indicate 4.副词后缀1)(形容词)-ly：badbadly严重地/恶劣地，carefulcarefully小心地 2)-wise：clockclockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地);likelikewise同样地 3)-ward(s)：outoutwards向外面地，northnorthwards向北方地