《高考英语一轮复习：构词法专题课件.pptx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语一轮复习：构词法专题课件.pptx（34页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、英语主要有三种构词法:1.派生(Derivation):2.合成(Compounding):3.转化(Conversion)派生(Derivation):合成(Compounding):转化(Conversion):通过加前缀或后缀构成另外一个词通过加前缀或后缀构成另外一个词:e.g.happy-unhappy (加前缀加前缀)-happiness (加后缀加后缀)由两个或更多的词合成一个词由两个或更多的词合成一个词:e.g.wood(木木)+cut(刻刻)-woodcut(木刻木刻)由一个词类转化为另一个词类由一个词类转化为另一个词类:e.g.water(n.)水水-water(v.)浇水浇
2、水 invisible disagreement dishonesty impossibility non-conductor international illogical replacement disappearance misunderstanding enlargement reconsideration interaction unexpected unforgettable unsuccessful Remember the prefix.inter-tele-bio-ex-over-trans-en-mis-re-sub-under-betweenfarbiologyforme
3、r/outtoo muchacross/movemakewrongagain underbelow dis-non-il-in-im-un-notwrongtoo muchagainformer/outunderbetweenbelownotfarbiology make across/move Match the prefix with its meaning.dis-non-re-il-sub-under-in-im-inter-tele-bio-ex-over-un-trans-en-mis-Study the meaning of the words:international tel
4、evisioninvisibleimpossibleillogicalirregulardisappearnonsenseunforgettable replacemisunderstandenlargebiochemistrysubwayex-wifeundergroundoverworktransport 1.This dictionary enables you to under-stand English words.2.The fence was strengthened with wire.3.He informed us the news indirectly.hi-techsh
5、owcases 展示展示breakthroughbioengineeringoutstandingenableindirectlystrengthen 前前 缀缀 例例 词词 a-构成形容词构成形容词副词副词 asleep,abroad,alone dis-disappear,disagree en-enlarge,enable in-(il-,im-,ir)invisible,illegal inter-international,inter-school mis-mistake,misunderstand re-return,remarry tele-telephone,telescope
6、 un-;non-unfit,non-payment(否定否定)(使可能使可能)(相互相互,之间之间)(重复重复,再再)(远程远程)(不不)(误误)(不不,非非)后后 缀缀 例例 词词名名词词-er.者者Runner,swimmer-ese.地方的人地方的人Chinese,Japanese-ian 精通精通的人的人,地人地人musician,Russian-ist 专业人员专业人员artist,pianist-ment 性质性质,状态状态government,movement-ness 性质性质,状态状态business,happiness-or .者者visitor,professor-io
7、n/-tion 表示动作表示动作,过程过程,结果结果 pollution,suggestion形容词形容词:-al;-an;-ern;-ful;-ble;-ish;-ive;-y;-less 表示具有表示具有的性质的性质,或与或与有关有关e.g.practical,American,southern,possible,active,native,rainy,careless动词动词:-fy(使使化化);-ize(使使成为成为)e.g.simplify(简化简化),satisfy,realize,organize副词副词:-ly 表示方式表示方式,程度程度:freely,badly,truly-
8、ward(s)表示方向表示方向:towards,forward,outward 数词数词:-teen 十十 fourteen,eighteen-ty整十位数整十位数 forty,fifty-th序数词序数词 fifth 1 1）合成名词）合成名词名词名词(代词代词)+名词名词 spaceship,she-wolf名词名词+动名词动名词 machine-building(机械制造机械制造)名词名词+及物动词及物动词+er(or)pain-killer(止痛药止痛药)形容词形容词+名词名词 highway 及物动词及物动词+名词名词 breakfast动词动词+副词副词 turn-off 合成形容
9、词合成形容词形容词形容词(数词数词)+名词名词+ed cold-blooded名词名词+名词名词+ed potato-shaped 名词名词(代词代词)+分词分词 hand-made,self-educated名词名词(代词代词)+形容词形容词 color-blind 形容词形容词(数词数词)+名词名词/分词分词 left-hand,good-looking副词副词+分词分词/形容词形容词hard-working,ever-green tree动词动词+副词副词 see-through 介词介词+名词名词 downhill (3)(3)合成动词合成动词副词+动词 ill-treat 虐待虐待名
10、词(代词)+动词 mass-produce 大规模生产大规模生产形容词+动词 safe-guard 保卫保卫.合成副词合成副词副词副词+副词副词 however 代词代词+副词副词 anywhere 副词副词+名词名词 downstairs形容词形容词+名词名词 anyway(无论如何无论如何).合成代词合成代词some,any,no,可以与可以与-thing,-one,-body 合成代词合成代词.如如:anybody,something,nowhere 转化转化:是由一词类转化为另一词类是由一词类转化为另一词类动词转化为名词动词转化为名词E.g.We paid a visit to the
11、 park yesterday.注意注意:英语中常用英语中常用 give,take,have,make 等等词构成这一类词组词构成这一类词组,表示一个动作表示一个动作.如如:give a shout,give a kick,give a talk take a seat,take a bath;take a rest have a swim,have a smoke,have a restmake a bet,make a decision,make a promise(2)名词转化为动词名词转化为动词e.g.The hall can seat two thousand people.They
12、 have booked their plane ticket.(3)形容词转化为动词形容词转化为动词e.g.The car slowed down to half its speed.The room gradually quieted down.(4)形容词转化为副词形容词转化为副词e.g.How long is the line?(adj)How long have you lived in China?(adv)(5)形容词转化为名词形容词转化为名词e.g.There is something wrong with the car.He didnt know the differenc
13、e between right and wrong.(n.)Exercise 2-ionconstruction connectionattraction actioncollection directionexpression inventionproduction protectionsuggestion impressioncelebration communicationeducation graduationpollution contribution-ationadmirationcombinationexaminationtransportationexplorationimag
14、ination Exercise 3invisible non-conductordisappearance interactionmisunderstanding unexpecteddishonesty illogical enlargement unforgettable impossibility replacement reconsideration unsuccessful Exercise 4showcase=show+casebreakthrough=break+throughbioengineering=bio+engineeringoutstanding=out+stand
15、ingenable=en+able restore =re+storeindirectly=indirect+lystrengthen=strength+en1.That man was _enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.A.care B.careful C.carelessD.carelessness2.The soldier died for saving the child,so his_ is heavier than Mount Tai.A.die B.dead C.died D.death3.H
16、e is an expert at chemistry.We all call him a _.A.chemistryB.chemical C.chemistD.physician4.The three-_chair isnt suitable for a young child.He may fall off.A.leggingB.legged C.legsD.leged5.Stephenson became the _ railway engineer in the world.A.leadB.leader C.leadingD.leadership6.To everyones _,the
17、 girl finished the job quite well.A.satisfiedB.satisfactory(adj)C.satisfyingD.satisfaction7.What are you doing here?Oh,my teacher asked me to write a passage about _ in English.You can write _ passage in English?A.600 words;600-words B.600-word;a 600-words C.600 words;a 600-word D.600 words;a 600-wo
18、rds8.No one should enter the spot without the _ of the police.A.permit B.permission C.permittingD.permittence9.The necklace that she lost is very expensive.Its of great _.A.valuableB.value C.valuelessD.unvaluable10.You must come with us to the police _.Our head is waiting for you.A.headquartersB.hea
19、dline C.headmasterD.headache11.Letting that animal escape was no accident;you did it _.A.intendB.intention C.intentionally D.intentional12.The_ordered him to pay a$100 fine.A.judgerB.judgmentC.judgeD.judgment13.My TV is out of order.Can you tell me what is the _news about Iraq War?A.lately B.latest C.later D.latter.后面的后面的14.Canada is mainly an _country.A.English-speaking B.speak-English C.spoken-English D.English-spoken15.How _ he is!He is always acting _.He is really a _.A.foolish;foolishly;fool B.fool;foolish;fool C.foolish;fool;fool D.foolishly;foolish;fool