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1、形容词和副词语法专题仪征市二中形容词和副词的考查要点语法填空语法与写作1形容词和副词的考查要点形容词和副词的考查要点1.形容词和副词的作用与位置形容词和副词的作用与位置形形容容词词是是用用来来修修饰饰名名词词的的，常常被被放放在在名名词词前前作作定定语语，或或放放在在系系动动词词后后面面作作表表语语。而而副副词词则则用用来来修修饰饰形形容容词词、动动词词、其其他他副副词词或或者者句句子子，一一般般位位于于形形容容词词之之前前，动动词词之之后后或或句句子之首。以下属几种特殊情况，须牢记：子之首。以下属几种特殊情况，须牢记：(1)形容词短语作定语，定语后置。形容词短语作定语，定语后置。a task
2、 difficult to finish(2)表表语语形形容容词词(afraid，alike，alone，asleep，awake，alive等等)作作定定语语，定定语语后后置置。如如a man alive。有有些些表表身身体体健健康康状状况况的的形形容容词词如如well，faint，ill只只作作表表语语。sick既既可可作作表表语语又又可作定语，可作定语，ill如作定语意为如作定语意为“bad”。(3)用用作作定定语语，修修饰饰由由不不定定代代词词one，no，any，some和和every构成的复合词如构成的复合词如anything，something等时，通常后置。等时，通常后置。I
3、have something important to tell you.(4)else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。(5)enough修修饰饰名名词词前前置置或或后后置置，修修饰饰形形容容词词、动动词词或或副副词词时，必须后置。时，必须后置。(6)几几个个副副词词并并列列作作状状语语时时，其其顺顺序序较较灵灵活活，但但一一般般是是：方方式式地点地点时间。时间。We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday.(7)频频度度副副词词如如often，always，usually等等在在be动动词词后后，行行
4、为为动词前。动词前。(8)副词作定语，定语后置。副词作定语，定语后置。The person there is waiting for you.(9)几几个个并并列列的的形形容容词词作作定定语语，其其语语序序通通常常为为：限限定定词词(包包括括冠冠词词、所所有有格格、人人称称代代词词、指指示示代代词词、数数词词等等)观观点点词词(品品质质、状状态态，即即表表示示好好、坏坏、美美、丑丑等等的的词词)形形状状或或样样式式词词大大小小、长长短短或或高高低低词词年年龄龄或或新新旧旧词词颜颜色色词词产产地地或或来来源源词材料或种类词用途词名词。词材料或种类词用途词名词。a heavy black Chin
5、ese steel umbrella(10)以以ly结尾的词性辨析。结尾的词性辨析。下下列列单单词词以以ly结结尾尾，但但却却是是形形容容词词而而非非副副词词：lively，lonely，lovely，deadly，friendly，ugly，silly，likely，brotherly，timely等。等。表原意表原意(无无ly)和引申意和引申意(有有ly)的副词：的副词：deep深深 deeply深入地深入地 wide宽广宽广 widely广泛地广泛地 high高高 highly高度地高度地 low位置低位置低 lowly地位卑微地位卑微有无有无ly意义大不相同的副词：意义大不相同的副词：
6、dead完全，绝对完全，绝对be dead asleep deadly非常非常be deadly tired pretty相当相当be pretty certain that.prettily漂亮地漂亮地be prettily dressed close近近Dont sit close.closely密切地密切地Watch closely！late晚，迟晚，迟arrive late，come late lately最近最近I havent seen him lately(recently).选词填空选词填空sharp，occasionally，thankfully，optional，parti
7、cular，besides，transparent，permanent，steady，quite1.It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music，but it is _ another to play it well yourself.2.The old engineers eyes still shone bright in the wrinkled brown face and his step as he came across the room was _，though slow.题组训练1quitesteady3.An unhapp
8、y childhood may have some negative effects on a persons character；however，they are not always _.4.The staterun company is required to make its accounts as _ as possible for its staff to monitor the use of money.permanenttransparentparticular2022/11/256.She has already tried her best.Please dont be t
9、oo _ about her job.particular7.In that school，English is compulsory for all students，but French and Russian are _.optional5.The house was too expensive and too big._，Id grown fond of our little rented house.Besides8.，I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.9.I have bee
10、n writing this report for the last two weeks，but it has to be handed in tomorrow.10.Nowadays，there is a increase in childrens creativity，for they are greatly encouraged to develop their talents.Thankfullyoccasionallysharp2.形容词和副词的比较等级形容词和副词的比较等级(1)原级的构成和用法。原级的构成和用法。构成：形容词、副词的原级即本身。构成：形容词、副词的原级即本身。用用
11、法法：表表示示双双方方在在程程度度、性性质质、特特征征等等某某方方面面相相等等时时，用用“as原原级级形形容容词词/副副词词as”的的结结构构；表表示示双双方方不不相相等等时时，用用“not so(as)原原级级形形容容词词/副副词词as”的的结结构构；表表示示一一方方是是另另一一方方的的若若干干倍倍时时，用用“倍倍数数as原原级级形形容容词词/副副词词as”的结构。的结构。Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.This building looks not so(as)high as that one.Miss Xu speaks English as fluent
12、ly as you.This room is three times as large as that one.(2)比较级和最高级的构成。比较级和最高级的构成。掌掌握握比比较较级级和和最最高高级级的的变变化化规规则则，熟熟记记少少数数不不符符合合规规则则的的特殊形容词和副词。特殊形容词和副词。(3)比较级的用法。比较级的用法。表示一方超过另一方时，用表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级比较级than”的结构表示。的结构表示。This picture is more beautiful than that one.表示一方不及另一方时，用表示一方不及另一方时，用“less原级原级than”的结构表
13、示。的结构表示。This room is less beautiful than that one.表表示示一一方方超超过过另另一一方方的的程程度度或或数数量量时时，可可在在比比较较级级前前加加表表示示程程度度的的状状语语，如如even，a lot，a bit，a little，still，much，far，yet，by far等修饰。等修饰。He works even harder than before.注意：(A)英英语语的的比比较较级级前前如如无无even，still或或yet等等时时，译译成成汉语时可用汉语时可用“较较”或或“一些一些”或不译出，一般不可用或不译出，一般不可用“更更”
14、。She is better than she was yesterday.Please come earlier tomorrow.(B)by far通通常常用用于于强强调调最最高高级级。用用于于比比较较级级时时，一一般般放放在在比比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the”。He is taller by far than his brother.He is by far the taller of the two brothers.表表示示一一方方随随另另一一方方的的程程度度而而变变化化时时，用用“the比比较较级级(主主语语谓谓语语)，the比比
15、较较级级(主主语语谓谓语语)”的的结结构构(意意为为“越越越越”)。The harder he works，the happier he feels.不不与与其其他他事事物物相相比比，表表示示本本身身程程度度的的改改变变时时，用用“比比较较级级and比较级比较级”的结构。的结构。The weather is getting colder and colder.某某些些以以ior结结尾尾的的形形容容词词进进行行比比较较时时，用用to代代替替than。这这些些词词有有inferior(劣劣等等的的，次次的的)，superior(较较好好的的，优优于于)，junior(资资历历较较浅浅的的)，sen
16、ior(资资格格较较老老的的)，prior(在在之前之前)等。等。He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry.在在比比较较从从句句中中为为了了避避免免重重复复，我我们们通通常常用用that(those)，one(ones)代代替替前前面面出出现现的的名名词词。that指指物物，one既既可可指指人人又又可可指指物物。that可可代代替替可可数数名名词词单单数数和和不不可可数数名名词词，而而one只只能代替可数名词。能代替可数名词。The book on the table is more interesting than that(或或the one)on
17、the desk.A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.倍数表达法。倍数表达法。(A)A is three(four，etc.)times the size(height，length，etc.)of B.The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.(B)A is three(four，etc.)times as big(high，long，etc.)as B.Asia is four times as large as Europe.(
18、C)A is three(four，etc.)times bigger(higher，longer，etc.)than B.Your school is three times bigger than ours.用用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或或double。(4)最高级的用法。最高级的用法。三三者者或或三三者者以以上上相相比比，表表示示最最高高程程度度时时，用用“the最最高高级级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。Zhang Hua is the talle
19、st of the three.He works(the)hardest in his class.最最高高级级可可被被序序数数词词以以及及much，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not quite，not really，nothing like等等词词语语所所修修饰。饰。This hat is by far/much/nearly/almost/not really/by no means/not quite/nothing like the biggest.表表示示“最最高高程程度度”的的形形容容词词，如如excellent，extreme，perfec
20、t等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。形形容容词词最最高高级级修修饰饰作作表表语语或或介介词词宾宾语语的的名名词词、代代词词时时，被被修饰的词往往省略。修饰的词往往省略。He is the tallest(boy)in his class.作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。Of all the boys he came(the)earliest.否定词比较级最高级否定词比较级最高级He has never spent a more worrying day.(5)形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。形
21、容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词。形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词。形形容容词词最最高高级级前前有有时时加加不不定定冠冠词词，或或不不加加冠冠词词，不不表表比比较较，表表示示“非常非常”。He is a most clever young policeman.(a mostvery)The film is most interesting.(mostvery)表示两者间表示两者间“较较的一个的一个”，比较级前加，比较级前加the。Who is the older of the two boys?在在“the比较级比较级.，the比较级比较级.”结构中。结构
22、中。The more，the better.(6)由由as组成的形容词或副词短语。组成的形容词或副词短语。as much as不可数名词不可数名词 数量多达数量多达Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons.She could earn as much as ten dollars a week.as many as可数名词可数名词 数量多达数量多达I have as many as sixteen reference books.as early as早在早在As early as the twelfth century the English beg
23、an to invade the island.as far as远到；就远到；就而知而知(论论)We might go as far as(走到走到)the church and back.As far as I know(就我所知就我所知)，he has been there before.may(might，could)as well不妨，不如不妨，不如Then you might as well stay with us here.as.as one can尽某人所能的尽某人所能的They are as unreliable as they can be.He began to run
24、，as fast as he could.as.as possible尽可能尽可能的的Just get them to finish up as quickly as possible.1.(你你呆呆的的时时间间越越长长)，the better it will be.2.The new city is _(变变得越来越美丽了得越来越美丽了).3.China is (比比亚亚洲洲任何其他国家都大任何其他国家都大).题组训练2The longer you staybecoming more and more beautiful larger than any other country in As
25、ia 4.(这这两两个个男男孩孩中中较较高高的的那那个个)is my brother.5.The road is five times as long as that one.(同同义义句句改改写写)The road is five times of that one.The road is four times than that one.The taller of the two boysthelengthlonger3.几组重要的词语辨析几组重要的词语辨析(1)very和和much的区别。的区别。可分等级的形容词和副词前使用可分等级的形容词和副词前使用very不用不用much。表表示示状
26、状态态的的过过去去分分词词前前用用very。如如a very frightened boy，a very tired child，a very complicated problem。一一般般情情况况下下，以以ing，ed结结尾尾的的分分词词多多用用much，very much/greatly等等修修饰。饰。We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom.I was much amused by Jacks attitude.已已 转转 化化 为为 形形 容容 词词 的的 现现 在在 分分 词词 前前 用用 very。如如：very interest
27、ing/worrying/exciting。too前前用用much，a lot或或far，不不用用very。如如：You are much/far/a lot too nice.另另 外外，在在 too many/much，too few/little前用前用far。Theres far too little opportunity for adventure these days.Weve got far too many eggs and far too few egg cups.关关于于原原级级形形容容词词要要记记住住下下列列固固定定的的修修饰饰结结构构：(a)修修饰饰绝绝对对意意义义的
28、的形形容容词词，一一般般不不用用very，而而用用quite，completely，well，entirely。如如：quite wrong(mistaken，sure)，completely dead，quite impossible，quite perfect等等。(b)修修饰饰以以a开开头头的的形形容容词词，多多有有特特殊殊的的修修饰饰词词：quite alone，very much alone，wide awake，fast asleep，very much afraid。(c)修修饰饰一一些些特特殊殊形形容容词词的的修修饰饰语语有有：be well worth，much the sa
29、me，freezing cold，quite different，terribly cold/frightening。(2)so.that.与与such.that.的区别。的区别。so形容词形容词/副词副词that.so形容词形容词a(n)可数名词单数可数名词单数that.somany/few复数名词复数名词that.somuch/little(少少)不可数名词不可数名词that.sucha(n)形容词可数名词单数形容词可数名词单数that.such形容词不可数名词形容词不可数名词that.such形容词复数名词形容词复数名词that.注意：下下列列结结构构中中只只能能用用so不不可可用用su
30、ch，当当名名词词前前有有many，much，little，few等等表表示示“多多、少少”的的词词修修饰饰时时，如如so much progress，so many people，so little food，so few apples等等。但但当当little表表示示“小小”时时用用such。如如：These are such little boys that they cant dress themselves.下下列列so的的用用法法是是错错误误的的：so a difficult problem，so difficult problems，so hot weather。(3)其他几组词
31、的辨析。其他几组词的辨析。ago，before：ago表表示示以以现现在在为为起起点点的的“以以前前”；before指指以以过过去去或或将将来来的的某某时时刻刻为为起起点点的的“以以前前”。泛泛指指“以以前前”用用before而不用而不用ago。already，yet，still：already表表示示某某事事已已经经发发生生；yet表表示示期待某事发生；期待某事发生；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句。表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句。too，also，either：too和和also用用于于肯肯定定句句，too多多用用于于口口语，语，also多用于书面语，多用于书面语，either
32、用于否定句。用于否定句。good，well：与与good不不同同的的是是，well作作形形容容词词，只只能能在在系系动词后作表语，表示动词后作表语，表示“身体状况好身体状况好”，也作副词修饰动词。，也作副词修饰动词。quick，fast：作作形形容容词词皆皆表表示示“快快”。fast多多指指运运动动的的物物体体，含含持持续续的的意意思思。quick多多指指一一次次动动作作的的敏敏捷捷、突突然然，而而且持续的时间较短。且持续的时间较短。real，true：作作形形容容词词皆皆表表示示“真真的的”。real强强调调真真实实存存在在的的而而不不是是幻幻想想的的，在在句句中中常常作作定定语语；true
33、指指与与事事实实标标准准和和实际情况相符合，在句中作表语或定语。实际情况相符合，在句中作表语或定语。hard，difficult：均均表表示示“困困难难”，但但hard通通常常指指体体力力上上困困难难；difficult则则指指智智力力或或技技能能上上的的困困难难，困困难难程度大于程度大于hard。它们都可作定语和表语。它们都可作定语和表语。2语法与写作语法与写作根据提示翻译下面的句子根据提示翻译下面的句子1.同同时时，我我将将会会把把帮帮助助我我们们的的环环境境干干净净、有有益益健健康康作作为为我的职责。我的职责。(meanwhile)(2013安徽安徽书面表达书面表达)_Meanwhile
34、，I will regard it as my duty to help keep our environment clean and healthy.2.不不是是空空喊喊口口号号，给给有有需需要要的的孩孩子子们们捐捐献献书书籍籍和和体体育育用用品品更更有意义。有意义。(使用比较级使用比较级)(2013江苏江苏书面表达书面表达)_3.那那个个晚晚上上的的月月亮亮在在整整个个农农历历月月份份中中看看上上去去最最亮亮。(使使用用最最高高级级)(2013辽宁辽宁书面表达书面表达)_Instead of shouting empty slogans，it is more meaningful to d
35、onate books and sports goods to children in need.The moon that night looks the brightest in the whole lunarmonth.4.首首先先，我我把把散散落落在在房房间间里里的的书书籍籍、报报纸纸和和其其他他东东西西整整理理好好，放到合适的地方。放到合适的地方。(firstly)(2013陕西陕西书面表达书面表达)_5.而且，根据学习进程时间表应该不时地更新。而且，根据学习进程时间表应该不时地更新。(besides)(2013四川四川书面表达书面表达)_Firstly I collected all the books，newspapers and other things scattered in the rooms and put them in place.Besides，the timetable should be updated according to the progress of our study from time to time.