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1、关于形容词和副词讲解第1页，此课件共45页哦形容词 1形容词的作用与位置 l)用作定语，修饰名词一般放在所修饰的名词之前，如果两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，与被修饰名词关系密切的形容词靠近名词；如果几个形容词的重要性差不多，音节少的形容词在前，音节多的放在后 a powerful socialist countrya small but beautiful room(音节多的在后)2)用作定语,修饰由不定代词one，no，any，some和 every构成的复合词，如anything,something时，通常放在所修饰的词后面，I have something interesting to
2、 tell you 3)作用表语，与系动词 be，grow，get，become，feel，appear，prove，seem，look，keep.smell，taste，sound，turn，remain等连用，The weather is getting warmer and warmer 4)用作宾语补足语 第2页，此课件共45页哦The news made every one happy I think the text very interesting.5)与定冠词一起表示某一类人或物，在句中可作主语，宾语 The rich and the poor live very differ
3、ent lives 6)作状语，表示伴随状况、原因、结果等。He went to bed,cold and hungry.Afraid of troubles，he would not accept the duty.注意：某些表示健康状况的形容词只能作表语，不能用作定语，如 well，ill,faint等当 ill作定语修饰名词时，其含义相当于 bad；但sick一词既可作表语,又可作定语，表示“生病”The woman is sick.the sick woman某些以 a-开首的形容词例如：afraid，alike，alone，asleep，awake,alert,alive,aware
4、,ashamed,unable等只能作表语,不能作定语。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。某些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词例如：friendly，lively，lovely，lonely，likely，deadly，silly，orderly,ugly，brotherly，等The two brothers are alike.an awake baby(wrong)The teacher has a strange way to make his classes lively and interesting.第3页，此课件共45页哦2复合形容词的构成1)形容词词干十名词十
5、ed kind-hearted 2)形容词词干十形容词词干 red-hotdark-blue 3)形容词词干十现在分词词干 tired-looking4)副词词干十现在分词词干 hard-working 5)副词词干十过去分词词干 hard-won 6)名词词干十形容词词干life-long 7)名词词干十现在分词词干 mouth-watering 8)名词词干十过去分词词干 hand-made 9)数词词干+名词十 ed four-storeyed10)数词词干十名词词干ten-year two-man3.多个形容词作前置定语的词序规则 英语中多个形容词作前置定语，其词序不同于汉语。总规则如
6、下：1.限定词2.性质(描绘)形容词3.大小、长短、高低(矮)形容词4.形状形容词5.年龄、新旧形容词6.颜色形容词7.国籍、地区、出处形容词8.物质、材料形容词9.用途、类别形容词10.动名词、名词中心词。“县官行令宴国才”好心的炽热的深蓝的面带倦容的勤劳的得来不易的终生的令人垂涎的 手工的四层的 十年的 二人的第4页，此课件共45页哦a charming small round old brown Chinese wooden writing table细节分为九类：1.限定类限定词位于各类形容词之首。它本身分为三位。即：前位、中位和后位，词序为前、中、后，前位限定词有all,half,b
7、oth,分数和倍数；中位有冠词，指示代词，形容词性物主代词和no,every,each,either,neither,enough,much等，以及wh-起首的限定词what(ever),which(ever),whose等；后位有基数词和序数词，past,same,many,more,most,few,fewer,fewest,little,less,least,own和last等。all your three thin books 前 中 后the last few sunny days 中 后2.性质(描绘)类性质(描绘)形容词，置于限定词后，位于大小、形状、年龄、颜色、出处、材料、用途
8、类形容词前。these well-dressed old ladies3.大小类表示大小、长短、高低(矮)类的形容词位于限定词、性质(描绘)类形容词后，形状、年龄、颜色、出处、材料、用途类形容词前 第5页，此课件共45页哦a big beautiful green housea small round table4.形状类表示形状类的形容词位于限定、性质(描绘)、大小类形容词后，其他类形容词之前。a big square old desk5.年龄类表示年龄、长幼、新旧类的形容词置于限定、性质(描绘)、大小、形状类形容词后，其他类形容词之前。a new pink pencila dirty ol
9、d brown skirt 6.颜色类表示颜色的形容词置于限定、性质(描绘)、大小、形状、年龄类形容词之后，其他类形容词之前。a pair of ugly old brown wooden shoesa new green brick house 7.出处类表示国籍、地方出处类的形容词置于材料、用途类形容词之前，上述六类形容词之后。第6页，此课件共45页哦a brown Chinese wooden chaira pair of beautiful German leather boots8.材料类表示材料类的形容词居于用途类形容词之前，上述七类形容词之后。a large brick conf
10、erence halla blue plastic garden chair9.用途类表示类别、用途类的形容词位于其他种类的形容词之后，靠近名词中心词。a large famous medical schoola valuable old Japanese writing desk注：在实际运用中须注意：1.如两个以上相同种类的形容词同时修饰一个中心词时，其间可用连词and或but连接，或用逗号分开。a yellow,black sports car2.如要强调某一种类的形容词时，可将所强调的形容词后移，同时用逗号分开。a tall,dark,handsome cowboy第7页，此课件共45
11、页哦形容词的后置情况1.形容词修饰不定代词或地点副词时 I want to find somewhere quiet.注意：不定代词前若有限定词时，形容词就不后置 They did the necessary something.2.以字母a开头的形容词，如alive,ashamed,alike,afraid,asleep,awake等作定语时 He was the only man alive at that time.The girl ashamed is my sister.3.以-ible,-able结尾的形容词，如possible,unspeakable,imaginable等作定语
12、时。We must get in touch with them in every way possible.4.表示度量的形容词短语作定语时。A bridge twenty meters long is being built.5.形容词加介词短语或不定式短语作定语时。I know the actor suitable for the part.The boys easiest to teach were from the countryside.6.用and或or连接的表示反义或近义的两个或两个以上形容词 作定语时。There is nothing important.第8页，此课件共45
13、页哦The women,old and young,stayed at home.The boy,tired,hungry and thirsty,is lying there.7.有些从法语或拉丁语中派生出来的形容词作定语时 秘书长secretary general 远古以来 from time immemorial 另外，有些形容词前置或后置都可以，但意义不同。The people present at the meeting are all workers.He gave us a talk on the present situation.出席会议的人都是工人。他给我们作了一个目前形势
14、的报告。The tools used are made in China.The used tools are on the floor.所使用的工具是中国制造的。旧工具全在地上。8.少数过去分词定语放在所修饰的词后面。还有十分钟.There are ten minutes left.=There are ten minutes to go.用所给词填空.Fill in the blanks with the words given.第9页，此课件共45页哦副词l.副词的分类 副词修饰动词、形容词、其他副词、全句或名词词组及介词副词一般可分为以下几类：1)时间副词 now，usually，of
15、ten，always等 2)地点副词 here，there，out，everywhere等 3)方式副词 hard，well，fast，slowly等 4)程度副词 very，much，still，almost等5)疑问副词 how，When，why，where等 6)关系副词 when，where，why等 7)连接副词 Whether，why,when，how等 2.副词的位置 l)时间副词和地点副词的位置一般放在句尾。如果这两种副词同时出现在句中，则把地点副词放在时间副词前面，也可把时间副词放在句首 第10页，此课件共45页哦 1）在动词之前。2）在be动词、助动词之后。3）多个助动词时
16、，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。注意：a.大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.b.方式副词well，badly糟、坏，hard等只放在句尾。He speaks English well.第11页，此课件共45页哦副词的排列顺序：1）时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。2）方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。Please write slowly and carefully.3）多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。注意：副词
17、very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。改错：(错)I very like English.(对)I like English very much.第12页，此课件共45页哦 They went boating in Zhongshan Park yesterday Yesterday they went boating in Zhongshan Park 但表示不确定时间的副词通常放在行为动词之前，放在情态动词、助动词和 to be之后这些副词有，always，seldom，often，never，rarely等例如：We should always work hard.We are ne
18、ver late.He often comes late.2)程度副词一般放在被修饰词之前(enough例外)He is very careful You are old enough to do this3)方式副词修饰不及物动词时放在被修饰词之后，修饰及物动词时，放在被修饰的动词之前或宾词之后，如宾语较长，也可把副词放在动词与宾语之间 He works hard.He speaks English very well Mr Wang wrote carefully some letters to his friends 第13页，此课件共45页哦4)副词修饰名词时，一般放在该名词之后；修饰
19、介词时(如 well，right，just，soon等)，放在该介词前；副词修饰全句时，一般放在句首，The person there is looking for you Theres the house，right in front of youTruly he will go to Shanghai 3副词的作用副词在句中作状语、表语、定语和宾语补足语 I worked in Beijing almost for three years(状语)Time is up.(表语)The building there looks very grand(定语)Let the dog out(宾语补
20、足语)注意：有些副词有两种形式，一个与形容词同形，一个以 ly结尾，但它们的含义是不同的 第14页，此课件共45页哦close closely free freely hard hardly late lately most mostly wide widely high highly deep deeply loud loudly near nearly 接近地 仔细地，密切地免费地 自由地，无拘束地努力地 几乎不晚，迟 近来极，非常 主要地 广阔地，充分地 广泛地高 高度地，非常地 深，迟 抽象意义的“深”大声地大声地(含有喧闹的意思)邻近 几乎第15页，此课件共45页哦形容词和副词比较级
21、、最高级的用法 1原级的构成和用法 l)构成：形容词，副词的原级形式是形容词，副词的原形 2)用法 表示双方在程度，性质，特征等某方面相等时，用“as 十原级形容词或副词十 as”的结构/the sameas；表示双方不相等时，用“not so(as)十原级形容词或副词十 as”的结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数十 as十原级形容词或副词十 as”的结构 This building looks not so(as)high as that oneMsSun speaks English as fluently as youThis room is three times as lar
22、ge as that one.2比较级和最高级的构成和用法1)比较级和最高级的构成：单音节形容词以及少数以-er，-ow结尾的形容词和副词加“er”，“est”narrow narrower narrowestclever cleverer cleverestHis book is the same as mine.=He has the same book as me.第16页，此课件共45页哦以 e结尾的单音节形容词和副词后以及少数以-ble，-ple结尾的双音节形容词和副词后，加“r”，“st”.simple simpler simplestable abler ablest 以一个辅音
23、结尾的单音节形容词，其前的元音字母发短元音时，该辅音字母要双写，然后加“er”，“est”hot hotter hottest 以辅音加 y结尾的形容词和少数不是形容词加 ly构成的副词要将 y改为 i，再加“er”，“est”，early earlier earliest happy happier happiest一般双音节词、多音节形容词和副词在原级前加 more或most carefully more carefully most carefully 少数单音节形容词也加 more和 most构成比较级和最高级。tired more tired most tired pleased m
24、ore pleased most pleased下列形容词、副词的比较级和最高级可有两种构成方法 cruel crueler cruelestmore cruel most crueloften oftener oftenest more often most often第17页，此课件共45页哦 strict stricter strictestmore strict most strict friendly friendlier friendliestmore friendly most friendly 下列形容词，副词的比较级和最高级的构成不规则 good well better be
25、st bad ill worse worst manymuch more mostlittle less least far farther farthestfurther furthest old elder eldestolder oldest 2)比较级的用法 双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级十 than”的结构表示 This pen is better than that one.表示一方不及另一方时，用“less十原级十 than”/not +比较级+than 的结构表示 This room is less beautiful than that one表示一方超过另一方的
26、程度或数量时，可在比较前加表示程度的状语，如：even，a lot，a bit，a little，still，much，far，yet，by far等修饰=This room is not more beautiful than that one第18页，此课件共45页哦He works even harder than before注意：英语的比较级前如无 even，still，或 yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或“一些”或不译出，一般不可用“更”，She is better than she was yesterday她比昨天好些了Please come earlier tomorrow
27、 请明天早点来注意：by far通常用于强调最高级用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the”He is taller by far than his brother.He is by far the taller of the two brothers.表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the 十比较级(主语十谓语)，the 十比较级(主语十谓语)”的结构 The harder he works，the happier he feels 不与其它事物相比,表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级十 and十比较级”的结构 The weather is getting co
28、lder and colder.The girl becomes more and more beautiful 第19页，此课件共45页哦 某些以一 or结尾的形容词进行比较时，用 to代替 than(这些词有inferior，superior，junior，senior，prior等He is superior to Mr.Wang in mathematics在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用 that(those)，one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物，one既可指人，也可指物that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词.The book on th
29、e table is more interesting than that on the desk.A box made of iron is stronger than one made of wood 表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型：A)A is three(four，ect.)times the size(height，length，width，ect.)of B Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大 The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one
30、这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四倍高)。B)A is three(four，etc)times as big(high，long，wide，etc)as B C)A is three(four，etc)times bigger(higher，longer，wider，etc)than B Your school is three times bigger than ours，你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍 用 times表示倍数，一般只限于表示包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数表示两倍可以用 twice或 double第20页，此课件共45页哦3)最高级的用法三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“t
31、he十最高级”的结构表示这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语 He works(the)hardest in his class.Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three 最高级可被序数词以及 much，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not quite，not really，nothing like等词语所修饰.This hat is by farmuchnearlyalmostnot nearlyby no means/not quitenothing like the biggest How much did the
32、second most expensive hat cost?表示“最高程度”的形容词，如 excellent，extreme，perfect,favorite等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级 形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略He is the tallest(boy)in his class 作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词 0f all the boys he came(the)earliest第21页，此课件共45页哦 注意1：1.形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示“非常”。It is a most important proble
33、m.=It is a very important problem.2.使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。(错)Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.(对)Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.第22页，此课件共45页哦注意2：a.very可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。This is the very best.This is much the best.b.序数词通常只修饰最高级。Africa is the second largest continent.第23页，此课件共45页哦句型转换：
34、Mike is the most intelligent in his class.Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.4)否定词语+比较级，否定词语+so as结构表示最高级含义。Nothing is so easy as this.=Nothing is easier than this.=This is the easiest thing.第24页，此课件共45页哦英语中用比较级句型可以表示最高级的含义，较为常见的有下列几种形式：1、直接使用比较级 How beautiful she sings!Iv
35、e never heard a better voice.=She has the best voice Ive ever heard.她唱得多好啊！这是我听到的最美的歌喉。I have never read a more interesting novel.=It is the most interesting novel Ive ever read.这是我读过的最有趣的小说。第25页，此课件共45页哦2、比较级+than+the other+复数名词/+any other+单数名词/+any of the other+复数名词 She goes to school earlier than
36、 the other girls.她比其他女孩早上学。He works harder than any other student.她学习最用功。China is larger than any of the other countries in Asia.中国是亚洲最大的国家第26页，此课件共45页哦3、比较级+than+anything/anyone else George did more work than anyone else.乔治干活最多。Tom cared more for money than for anything else.汤姆最喜欢钱。第27页，此课件共45页哦4、在
37、比较句型中使用 no,nobody,nothing 等词。I like nothing better than swimming.我最喜欢游泳。Nobody can do the work better than he did.这项工作他做得最出色。No other building is as grand as the new hotel.新建的宾馆是当地最豪华的。第28页，此课件共45页哦和more有关的词组 1)the more the more越就越 The harder you work，the greater progress youll make.2)more B than A与
38、其说A不如说B less A than B He is more lazy than slow at his work.=He is less slow than lazy at his work.3)no more than 与一样，不比多 The officials could see no more than the Emperor.no less than与一样 He is no less diligent than you.4)more than不只是，非常 She is more than kind to us all.第29页，此课件共45页哦as many/much as.結構
39、as manymuch as數字複數名詞不可數名詞as much as常用在“雨量、水量、时间量、重量、钱数、价格”等方面，表示总量和单位量的大小；as many as 常用在人或物的具体数量前，侧重于具体数目，意思是“和一样多”，“多达”。同理，此類還有：as long as數字（長達），as wide as數字（寬達），as high as數字（高達），as early as數字（早在），as late as數字（遲在）等。第30页，此课件共45页哦她的姊妹有七人之多。這次空難中多達一百人喪生。我給了這乞丐整整一千元。亚马逊河流域雨水充足，年降水量常达70英寸之多。建築費用漲到高達兩千萬美
40、金。She has as many as seven sisters.As many as 100 people were killed in the air crash.I gave the beggar as much as 1,000 yuan.Building costs ran up to as much as 20 million dollars.Along Amazon rain is plentiful,often as much as seventy inches every year.第31页，此课件共45页哦I have been learning English(for
41、)as long as 15 years.He came home as late as two in the morning.I saw your brother as late as last week.The river is as wide as 100 meters.I mailed the letter as early as Friday.我學英文已有十五年之久。他遲至清晨兩點才回家。上個禮拜我還看到你哥哥。這條河寬達一百公尺。我早在星期五就把信寄了。这只小鹦鹉可以长到巨大的尺寸,长到三尺长.This little parrot will grow to huge size,as
42、 long as three feet.第32页，此课件共45页哦几组词的用法比较：1)ago与 beforeago表示以现在为起点的“以前”；before指以过去或将来的某时刻“以前”泛指“以前”，用 before而不用 ago。l started working in the school three years ago Last year he left the army that he had joined eighteen years before We(have)never met them before(没有具体时间，两种时态都可以)2)very与 much very修饰形容词或
43、副词的原级，much修饰形容词或副词的比较级，修饰动词要用 much或 very much I like this film very muchHe speaks English very well.very修饰用作形容词的现在分词 The story is very interesting very修饰某些习惯上已被用作形容词(不管是作表语还是作定语)的过去分词 He left the classroom with a very pleased look My English is very limited 第33页，此课件共45页哦这类词有：frightened，disappointed，
44、satisfied，excited，interested，pleased，surprised，troubled，upset，worried等但若用在 by句中，就该用much来修饰 much可以修饰动词，very则不能修饰动词时应注意 much或 very much的位置 I enjoyed the concert(very)much I(very)much enjoyed the concert在英国，只能用作表语的某些形容词例如：alive，alone，afraid，ashamed等前用 much或 very much来修饰，但在美国，往往用 very，如“very afraid”在不能确
45、定的时候，用 much往往比 very妥当。already表示某事已经发生；yet表示期待某事发生(两者常用于现在完成时）；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句 Hes already finished his workHe hasnt finished his work yet Are you still learning French?already和yet可用于疑问句，但含义不同3)already，yet，still第34页，此课件共45页哦Have you met Mr Wang yet?(=up to this moment)你(到目前为止)见过王先生没有?(一般性问句)Hav
46、e you already(=sooner than expected)met Mr Wang?你(竟然)已经见到过王先生了吗?(表示出乎意料)4)too；also，either,as welltoo,as well 和 also用于肯定句，too多用于口语，also多用于书面语，either用于否定句 I like to play football too(I also like to play football=I like to play football as well.)I dont like to play football，and I dont like to play bask
47、etball either.5.a bit,a littlea little与a bit 都有“一点儿，有点儿”的意思，可以修饰形容词、副词等，意思相近。在修饰名词时，a little后面可直接接不可数名词，而a bit后面须加上of，再接不可数名词。另外，not a little相当于much，而not a bit 则相当于not at all(一点不)。Its a little/a bit cold here.这儿有点冷Thats a bit/a bit little much to pay.那笔要付的钱多了一些。第35页，此课件共45页哦There is a little milk in
48、 the glass.There is a bit of milk in the glass.玻璃杯里有点儿牛奶。Im not a bit tired.。我很累。我一点不累Im not a little tired.6.after all,above allafter all“毕竟、终究、到底”，可放在句首或句末。放在句首时，含有“别忘了”之意，用来引出听话的人似乎忘记了某个重要论述或理由。放在句末时，含有“虽然有前面说过的话”或“与预料中情况相反”意思。above all意为“首先”，“特别是，最重要的是”。I think we should let her go there alone.A
49、fter all she is eighteen;shes not a child any more.我认为我们应该让她独自到那里去。她毕竟已经18岁了，不是小孩子Children need many things.But above all they need love.孩子们需要许多东西，但重要的是需要爱 7.aloud,loud,loudly第36页，此课件共45页哦这三个词均可用作副词，其意义都与声响强度有关，但其具有体含义和用法不完全相同。aloud侧重于发了声音，以便让人听见，常用于read、think等动词后，无比较级形式。loud侧重于声音响亮、清楚，可作形容词，亦可作副词，有
50、比较级形式。loudly指声响达到喧闹的程度。When theyre arguing,they talk so loudly that the people in the next room can hear every word.经常大声朗读有益处。没什么，我只是自言自语如果知道，你就大点声说话出来，让全班都可以听见她们争论时，声音太大了，隔壁的人都能听见每句话。Its good to read aloud often.Oh,nothing,I was just thinking aloud.If you do know,answer in a loud enough voice so th