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1、分享英文合同翻译:详解关键词引子:鉴于现在对外交流事例逐渐增多,英文合同特别是经济合同的翻译愈显重要,若译文不准确或不严谨,势必会引起不必要的经济纠纷.故今以一英文(经济)合同写作书籍为蓝本,录入一些有益文字,希望大家共同提高英文(经济)合同的翻译和写作。合同文件是合同双方签订并必须遵守的法律文件,因此合同中的语言应体现其权威性.英文合同用语的特点之一就表现在用词上,即选择那些法律用词,以及正式用词,使合同表达的意思准确无误,达到双方对合同中使用的词无可争议的程度。一. Hereby英文释义:by means of , by reason of this中文译词:特此,因此,兹用法:常用于法律
2、文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语;在条款中需要强调时也可用。语法:一般置于主语后,紧邻主语.注释:(1)hereby: by reason of this 特此(2)covenant: v. make a formal agreement 立约,签订合同、条约; n. legal agreement具有法律约束的正式合同(3)completion of the Works: 工程的竣工(4)therein: in the Works在本工程中(5)the Contract Price: 合同总价,指工程的总造价(6)such.as: 关系代词,相当于that, which(7)under:
3、 in accordance with 根据,按照(8)the provisions of the Contract: terms and conditions of the Contract合同条款注释:(1)hereby:特此(2)to the best of our knowledge:as far as we know据我们所知(3)foregoing statement:above-mentioned statement上述声明(4)herein:in this, in the statement在声明中(5)documentary proof:证明文件注释:(1)hereby:特此
4、(2)hereinafter referred to as Party A:以下称甲方(3)on the principle of equality and mutual benefit:在平等互利基础上(4)through amicable consultation:通过友好协商二 hereof英文释义: of this中文译词:关于此点;在本文件中用法:在表示上文已提及的“本合同的、本文件的”时,使用该词。例如表示本合同条件、条款时,可以说“the terms, conditions and provisions hereof”,这里hereof表示“of this Contract”;又
5、如表示本工程的任何部分,可用“any parts hereof”,这里hereof表示“of this Works”。语法:一般置于要修饰的名词的后面,与之紧邻。hereof和thereof的区别:hereof强调“of this”。例如,上面的“the terms, conditions and provisions thereof”中的thereof表示of the Contract;“any parts thereof”中的thereof表示of the Works。注释:(1) Whether the custom of the Port is contrary to this Cla
6、use or not:不论港口习惯是否与本款规定相反,whether or not:不论是否(2) the owner of the goods:货方(3) without interruption:无间断地(4) carrier:承运人(5) in default on the provisions hereof:违反本款规定 hereof:of this Clause注释:(1) foreign trade dealers:对外贸易经营者(2) as mentioned in this Law:本法所称(3) the provisions hereof:the provisions of
7、this Law 本法规定(4) legal entity:法人(5) be engaged in foreign trade dealings:从事对外贸易经营活动注释:(1)a limited liability company:有限责任公司(2)a company limited by shares:股份有限公司(3)provisions hereof:本法规定 hereof: of this Law(4)may be registered as:登记为注释:(1) as a result of withdrawal or any other reasons:回避或者其它原因(2) ar
8、bitrator:仲裁员(3) the provisions hereof:the provisions of this Law 本法规定(4) be selected or appointed:选定或指定注释:(1) conflict:相抵触(2) prior to the effective date of this Law:本法施行前(3) the provisions hereof shall prevail:以本法为准 hereof:of this Law注释:(1) the organization with compensatory obligations:赔偿义务机关(2) s
9、hall pay compensation:应当给予赔偿(3) the claimant for compensation:赔偿请求人(4) Article 15 and Article 16 hereof:本法第十五条、第十六条 hereof:of this Law(5) shall have the right to lodge a complaint:有权申诉(6) claims compensation:要求赔偿(7) apply to/ in:适用 More Examples: The comment applies equally here. /That argument does
10、 not apply in this case. /That applies to at least nine-tenths of the people we see about. /These remarks apply to every town in this kingdom. /The rules of safe driving apply to everyone.注释:(1) arbitrator:仲裁员(2) Article 58 hereof:本法第五十八条 hereof:of this Law(3) bear the legal liability and responsibi
11、lity:承担法律责任(4) the arbitration commission:仲裁委员会(5) remove the name of the arbitrator in question from the list of arbitrators:将其除名注释:(1) the relevant responsible authorities with the duty of approvals:履行审批职责的有关主管部门(2) meets the requirements and provisions hereof:符合本法条件(3) the company registration au
12、thorities:负责公司登记的主管部门(4) the requirements hereof:本法条件 hereof: of this Law(5) apply for reconsideration:申请复议(6) bring an administrative suit:提起行政诉讼注释:(1) the crimes committed:犯罪行为(2) against Article 9, Article 10 and Article 11 hereof:犯有本决定第九条、第十条、第十一条规定 hereof: of this Decision注释:(1) companies regis
13、tered:已登记成立的公司(2) the “Standard Opinion on Limited Liability Companies”:有限责任公司规范意见(3) the “Standard Opinion on Companies Limited by Shares”:股份有限公司规范意见(4) the relevant responsible department of the State Council国务院有关主管部门(5) in separate regulations issued by the State Council:由国务院另行规定注释:(1) unfair com
14、petition:不正当竞争(2) business operators:经营者(3) contravene the provisions hereof:违反本法规定 the provisions hereof:本法规定 hereof:of this Law(4) the lawful rights and interests:合法权益(5) disturbing the socio-economic order:扰乱社会经济秩序三 hereto英文释义: to this中文译词:至此,在此上。用法:在表示上文已提及的“本合同的本文件的”时,使用该词。例如表示“本合同双方”,可以说“the P
15、arties hereto”,这里hereto表示“to this Contract”;表示“本协议附件4”,可用“Appendix 4 hereto”,这里hereto表示“to this Agreement”。语法:一般置于要修饰的名词的后面,与之紧邻。hereto和thereto的区别:同前面所言hereof和thereof的区别类似,hereto强调的是“to this”。注释:(1) the performance of this Contract:履行本合同(2) through amicable negotiations:友好协商(3) the Parties hereto:th
16、e Parties to this Contract本合同双方(4) shall then be submitted for arbitration:提交进行仲裁(5) the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission, Beijing:中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会(北京)(6) the arbitration rules of this Commission:其仲裁规则(7) the award of the arbitration:仲裁裁决(8) unless otherwise awarded by the
17、Arbitration Commission:仲裁委员会另有裁定的除外注释:(1) patented technology:专利技术(2) patent:专利(3) application for the patent:专利申请(4) may have the right to control:可能有权控制的(5) permitted to be transferred in any or all countries of the world:在世界任何国家许可转(6) Contract Products specified by the Parties hereto:本合同双方规定的本合同产
18、品 hereto: to this Contract注释:(1) technical documents:技术资料(2) the data and the information:资料(3) engineering:工程(4) manufacturing:制造(5) original information:原始资料(6) blueprint:蓝本(7) design sheets:设计图表(8) material specifications:材料规格(9) photostats:影印资料(10) general data:一般资料(11) design and their specific
19、ations relating to manufacturing euipment, tools and facilities:与制造设备、工具和装置有关的设计及其说明书注释:(1) audit the accounts of Party A:查核甲方的帐目(2) Sub-Clause 3.4 of this Contract:本合同第3.4款(3) the specific contents and procedure of auditing accounts:其具体的查帐内容和程序(4) Appendix 4 hereto:本合同附件4 hereto:to this Contract注释:
20、(1) either Party hereto:本协议各方 (不译成“one Party hereto)。(2) improvement, modification, further invention or design:改进、修正、更新本发明或设计(3) discover, make or develop:开发(4) manufacture and assembly of the Licensed Products or components thereof:生产及装配许可证产品或部件(5) file application for Letter Patent:申请专利(6) take o
21、ther necessary legal steps to protect the same:其它必要的法律保护程序 the same: Letter Patent(7) any patent arising therefrom:由此产生的专利(8) consistent with this agreement:与本协议不相矛盾注释:(1) certain license and technical assistance for manufacturing Products:有关生产产品的许可证和技术服务(2) the technical assistance agreement:技术服务协议
22、(3) Appendix 2 hereto:本协议附件2 hereto:to this Agreement参考译文:本协议双方同意Y将向FCAM提供有关生产产品的许可证和技术服务,FCAM和Y将订立技术服务协议并作为本协议附件2(以下称作“技术服务协议”)。注释:(1) to the maximum extent practicably possible:尽实际可能最大限度地(2) data on management and financial information:管理和财务信息材料(3) prepare and keep accounting and financial records
23、 and books:建好会计和财务帐目(4) available for inspection or audit by either Party hereto:以备本协议各方的检查或审计 either Party hereto:either Party to this Agreement本协议双方 inspection:检查 audit:审计注释:(1) Board of Directors authorized by the Parties hereto:本协议双方授权的董事会 hereto:to this Agreement(2) to administrate or manage FC
24、AM:管理FCAM administrate:行政管理 manage:业务管理(3) the overall business management plan of the company:公司整体经营计划(4) monitor the execution of the plan in question:监督该计划的执行(5) review and approval:审阅和批准注释:(1) specialized machinery and equipment:特定机器设备 equipment:(单数形式)设备(2) determined through mutual consultation
25、:协商决定(3) the effective utilization of the technical know-how:有效使用技术诀窍(4) terms and conditions:条件(5) (such) as:作关系代词,意为which, that注释:(1) the termination of this Contract:本合同期满(2) outstanding claims and liabilities:未了债务(3) debtor:债务人(4) creditor:债权人四 herein英文释义:in this中文译词:此中,于此用法:表示上文已提及的“本合同(中)的,本法(
26、中)的”等时,使用该词。如表示“本法(中)所称的不正当竞争”,可译为“unfair competition mentioned herein”,此处herein表示“in this Law”;表示“本协议(中)内容”,译为“the Contents herein”,此处herein表示“in this Agreement”。语法:置于所修饰词后,紧邻所修饰词.注释:(1) unfair competition:不正当竞争(2) mentioned in this Law:本法所称(3) refer to:是指(4) contravene the provisions hereof:违反本法规定
27、(5) damage the lawful rights and interests of other business operators:损害其他经营者的合法权益(6) disturb the socio-economic order:扰乱社会经济秩序(7) business operators mentioned herein:本法所称的经营者 herein:in this Law(8) engage in the trading of goods or profit-making services:从事商品经营或营利性服务 engage in:从事,be engaged in:忙于注释
28、:(1) this Law is hereby formulated and prepared:兹制定本法(2) maintain the foreign trade order:维护对外贸易秩序(3) promote the healthy development of the socialist market economy:促进社会主义市场经济的健康发展(4) foreign trade mentioned herein:本法所称对外贸易 herein:in this Law(5) the international trade in services:国际服务贸易注释:(1) ment
29、ioned herein:mentioned in this Law 本法所称(2) limited liability company:有限责任公司(3) company limited by shares:股份有限公司(4) within the territory of China:在中国境内注释:(1) illegal gains:违法所得(2) shall be confiscated:应当予以没收(3) the provisions herein:the provisions in this Decision 本决定规定(4) illegal gains to be confisc
30、ated:被没收违法所得(5) a fine imposed on:判处罚金(6) property forfeited:没收财产(7) a civil compensation assumed by:承担民事赔偿责任注释:(1) (1)“FOB”(free on board)(Named port of shipment):船上交货()(2) (2)“CFR”(Cost and Freight)(Named port of destination):成本加运费()(3) (3)“CIF”(Cost, Insurance and Freight)(Named port of destinati
31、on):成本、保险费加运费()(4) (4)the “International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms” (INCOTERMS, 2000):国际贸易术语解释通则(INCOTERMS)2000参考译文:除非本合同另有规定,“FOB”、“CFR”和“CIF”均应依照国际商会制定的国际贸易术语解释通则(INCOTERMS)2000办理。注释:(1) unless otherwise expressly provided for herein:除非另有明确表示 herein:in this Agreement(2) dispute:争
32、议(3) controversy:纠纷(4) difference:歧意(5) the Parties hereto:the Parties to this Agreement本协议双方(6) any breach or default of the provisions hereof:任何违约及过失(7) including but not limited to:包括,但不限于(8) the validity of the Arbitration Clause:仲裁条款有效性 arbitration clause 仲裁条款注释:(1) the Agent:correspondent bank
33、 代理行(2) pursuant to the conditions and provisions specified herein:按照本合同规定的条件 herein:in this Contract(3) on the Disbursement Date:在付款日(4) credit the funds received:贷记入所收资金(5) the Borrower:借款人注释:(1) cumulative:累加的(2) shall not be exclusive of:并不排除(3) privilege:特权(4) remedy:补救方法(5) provided for by law
34、s:法律规定的注释:(1) Now Therefore:据此(2) the consideration:对价。对价是对一项允诺(promise)的回报。例如,甲方允诺向乙方提供若干数量的货物,乙方同意付给甲方一定数目的货款,该货款便构成甲方允诺的对价。在经过要约(offer)与承诺(acceptance)的基础上,只有那些拥有对价的允诺才被认作合同,得到法律的保护和执行。(3) the contents herein:本协议内容 herein:in this Agreement注释:(1) the obligations of making all payments:支付义务(2) reimb
35、ursement:偿付(3) be free and clear of any other charges:不附带其它费用(4) exempt from all taxes:是免税的(5) pay all taxes as provided for herein:承担全部本协议规定的税务 herein:in this Agreement五 hereinafter英文释义:later in the same Contract中文译词:以下,在下文语法:一般与referred to as, called等词组连用,以避免重复,置于这些词组前面,与之紧邻。注释:(1) in accordance w
36、ith:under 根据(2) Law of the Peoples Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures:中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法(3) Hereinafter:以下(4) articles of association:合营公司章程(条款)(5) hereby:特此(6) formulate:prepare 制订注释:(1) financial institution:金融机构(2) subsidiary banks incorporated by foreign capital whose head
37、offices are in China:总行在中国境内的外国资本银行。在中译英时,这里的“外国资本银行”,应理解成“外资银行的子银行”,英文为subsidiary banks,而不能简单地译成foreign banks,因为很少有一家外国银行把自己的总部搬到国外,但在境外设立子银行、子公司是经常的。(3) hereinafter referred to as foreign banks:以下简称外资银行。(4) hereinafter referred to as foreign bank branches:以下简称外资银行分行。(5) finance company:财务公司,这里应理解为
38、金融公司,是指在商业银行以外的专门从事抵押放款业务的金融企业。如果中文为会计事务所,则要译成:accounting firm(6) hereinafter referred to as foreign finance companies:以下简称外资财务公司(7) hereinafter referred to as equity joint-venture finance companies:以下简称合资财务公司注释:(1) existing Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures:已设立的中外合资经营企业,即现有的中外合资经营企业(2) Chinese-
39、foreign cooperative joint venture:中外合作经营企业(3) wholly foreign-owned enterprises:外资企业(4) hereinafter referred to as “enterprises with foreign investment”:以下简称外商投资企业(5) shall have a record of making profits:应有盈利纪录注释:(1) the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation (hereinafter referred to as
40、MOFTEC):对外贸易经济合作部(以下简称外经贸部)(2) the foreign trade and economic cooperation authorities:外经贸部门(3) municipalities directly under the Central Government:直辖市(4) the municipalities specifically (separately) listed in the State Economic Plan:计划单列市注释:(1) these Regulations are formulated and prepared:制定本条例 pr
41、epare:制定(2) the Company Law of the Peoples Republic of China:中华人民共和国公司法(3) hereinafter referred to as the Company Law:以下简称公司法(4) to affirm the qualifications of enterprise legal persons of companies:确认公司的企业法人资格(5) standardize the registration activities of companies:规范公司登记行为注释:(1) to further expand
42、international economic co-operation and technological exchange:进一步扩大国际经济合作和技术交流(2) to absorb foreign investment:引进外资(3) to promote the development of socialist market economy:促进社会主义市场经济的发展(4) hereinafter referred to as foreign shareholders:以下简称外国股东 foreign shareholders:外国股东(5) hereinafter referred t
43、o as Chinese shareholders:以下简称中国股东(6) within the territory of China:在中国境内(7) a company limited by shares with foreign investment:外商投资股份有限公司注释:(1) to introduce foreign advanced technology and managerial expertise:引进国外先进技术和管理经验(2) to establish investment company:设立投资公司(3) hereinafter referred to as “i
44、nvestment company”:以下简称投资公司(4) the Chinese laws and regulations governing foreign investment:中国有关外国投资的法律、法规注释:(1) these Detailed Rules:本实施细则(2) apply (to):vi. 适用于 More Examples:The rules of safe driving apply to everyone. /That applies to at least nine-tenths of the people we see about. /That argume
45、nt does not apply in this case. /The comment applies equally here.(3) the resident representative offices:常驻代表机构(4) shipping agents:货运代理商(5) consultant company:咨询公司(6) advertising agency:广告公司(7) leasing company:租赁公司(8) hereinafter called “foreign enterprises”:以下简称外国企业注释:(1) its authorized Commission
46、s for Foreign Trade and Economic Relations:其授权的对外经济贸易委员会(2) hereinafter called the “Examination-Approval Authorities:以下简称审批机关 Examination-Approval Authorities:审批机关(3) register with:办理登记手续(4) the State Administration for Industry and Commerce:国家工商行政管理局(5) its authorized Administrations for Industry a
47、nd Commerce:其授权的(各省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市)工商行政管理局六 therein英文释义:in that; in that particular; in that respect中文译词:在那里;在那点上,在那方面用法:在表示上文已提及的“合同中的,工程中的”等时使用。例如表示“修补工程中的缺陷”:“the remedying of any defects therein”,此处therein表示“in the Works”;表示“用于工程中的材料或机械设备”:“materials or plant for incorporation therein”,这里的therein表示“in the Works”。语法:置于所修饰词后,紧邻修饰词。注释:(1) Temporary Works:临时工程,是指为永久工程服务的工程,永久工程建成后应予以拆除。建造临时工程的费用,按国际FIDIC合同条件规定,应