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1、精品_精品资料_学校英语语法归纳总结一动词 be( is,am,are)的用法我I 用 am, 你you 用 are,is 跟着他 he,她she,它it .单数名词用 is,复数名词全用 are.变否定,更简单, be 后 not 加上去.变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃.仍有一条须留意,句首大写莫遗忘.二 this, that 和 it 用法(1) this 和 that 是指示代词, it 是人称代词.(2) 距离说话人近的人或物用this, 距离说话人远的人或物用that.如: This is a flower.这是一朵花. 近处That is a tree. 那是一棵树. 远处 (3)
2、 放在一起的两样东西,先说this, 后说 that.如:This is a pen. That is a pencil.这是一支钢笔.那是一支铅笔.(4) 向别人介绍某人时说This is , 不说 That is .如: This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom.这是海伦,海伦,这是汤姆.5This is不能缩写 , 而 That is 可以缩写.如:This is a bike. That s a car. 这是一辆自行车.那是一辆轿车.(6) 打电话时,介绍自己用this, 询问对方用 that.如:Hello. Is that Miss Green.喂,是格
3、林小姐吗?Yes, this is. Who s that. 是的,我是,你是谁?留意:虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”,但英语中打电话时绝不行以说:I am , Are you ?/Who are you.(7) 在回答 this 或 that 作主语的疑问句时, 要用 it 代替 this 或 that.如: Is this a notebook. 这是笔记本吗?Yes, it is. 是的,它是. What s that. 那是什么?It s a kite. 是只风筝.三 these和 those 用法this, that, these 和 those 是指示代词, these 是 this
4、 的复数形式 ,指时间 ,距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事 ;those 是 that 的复数形式 ,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物.This is my bed. That is Lily s bed. 这是我的床.那是莉莉的床.These pictures are good. 那些画很好. Are those apple trees. 那些是苹果树吗?在回答主语是these 或 those 的疑问句时,通常用they 代替 these 或 those 以防止重复.如:Are these/those your apples. 这些 那些 是你的苹果吗? Yes, they are.
5、 是的,他们是.四不定冠词 a 和 ana 和 an 都是不定冠词,表示一 个,支,本,块 的意思,但不强调数量概念,而是强调类别,用来限定名词. a 用在辅音素开头的单数名词前,如: a pencil 一支铅笔 , a book 一本书 . an 用在元音音素开头的名词前,如 an eraser一块橡皮 .假如名词前有修饰语,用 a 仍是用 an,就以该修饰语的第一音素打算用 a 仍是用 an.如:a clock 一座钟an old clock一座旧钟a book 一本书 an English book一本英语书a nice apple 一个可爱的苹果an apple 一个苹果五名词 s 全
6、部格可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_名词 s 全部格 单数名词后直接加“ s ” Jim s coat 吉姆的外套Jeff s mother 杰夫的妈妈以 s 结尾的复数名词,只加“ ”Teachers Day 老师节 the twins books 双胞胎的书不以 s 结尾的不规章的名词复数,加“ s ”Children s Day 儿童节 men s shoes男式鞋表示两者共同拥有时,只在最终一个名词后加s表示两者各自拥有时,要在每个名词后加sLucy and Lily s mother 露茜和莉莉的妈妈 共同的妈妈,一个妈妈 Lucy s and Kate s room
7、s 露茜和凯特的房间(各自的房间,两间房子) 六 There be 句型(1) There be 句型主要用以表达“某处(某时)有某人(某物) .”其基本结构为“ There be 某物(某人)某的(某时) ”其中 there 是引导词,没有词义.主语是 be 后面的名词, be 是谓语动词,在一般现在时中 be 只用 is 和 are 两种形式. 下面这首歌诀可帮你巧记 there be 句型结构:There be 放句首,主语跟在后.的、时放句末,强调置前头.如:There is a book on the desk.有时为了强调的点,也可把介词短语放在句首.如:On the desk t
8、here is a book.(2) There be 句型中的 be 动词如何确定了?请先看看下面这首歌诀:Be 动词,有三个, am, is 仍有 are.“ There be”真特殊,不留 am 只留俩,那就是 is 仍有are.要用 is 仍是 are,须看其后的名词是单数仍是复数.如是单数或不行数名词用 is,否就就用 are.如:There is a tree behind the house.There is some water(水) in the bottle (瓶子) .There are some pears in the box.(3) 留意:假如“ be”后的主语是由
9、 and 连接的两个或两个以上的名词,那么be 的形式要遵循“远亲不如近邻”的原就.也就是说,“ be”的形式是由与它最近的那个名词来确定的.如那个名词是单数或不行数名词要用is,是复数就用 are.如:There is a book and some pens on the floor.There are some pens and a book on the floor.七 like 一词的用法like 用作及物动词,译为“喜爱” .(1) 后接名词或代词,表示喜爱某人或某物.如: I like the baby very much.我特别喜爱这个小孩.(2) 后接动名词 v. -ing
10、,表示“喜爱做某事” ,着重于习惯、爱好.如:Tom likes playing football.汤姆喜爱踢足球.(3) 后接动词不定式 to do ,表示“有时的喜爱做某事” ,着重于某次详细的行为.如:I like reading, but I like to watch TV this evening.我喜爱读书,但我今晚想看电视.八一般现在时一般现在时表示常常性、习惯性的动作, 或表示现在的特点、状态.当主语是非第三人称单数时,行为动词的一般现在时变化形式见下表 .如:句式 结构 例句确定句 主语行为动词原形其他We speak Chinese.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_
11、精品资料_否定句 主语 don t行为动词原形其他 We don t speak Chinese. 一般疑问句 Do 主语行为动词原形其他? Do you speak Chinese. 确定回答否定回答Yes,主语 doNo ,主语 dont Yes, we do. No, we don t.当主语是第三人称单数时,行为动词一般现在时的句型变化如下:(1) 确定句在行为动词原形后s/es其构成方法与名词单数变复数相同.(2) 否定句用助动词 doesn t动词原形.(3) 一般疑问句就是把助动词does 放在句首,后面动词用原形,回答时,确定用“Yes,主语does.”.否定用“ No ,主语
12、 doesn t.”.句式 结构 例句确定句 主语行为动词 s/es其他 She speaks Chinese.否定句 主语 doesn t行为动词原形其他 She doesnt speak Chinese. 一般疑问句 Does主语行为动词原形其他? Does she speak Chinese. 确定回答否定回答Yes,主语 doesNo ,主语 doesn t Yes, she does. No, she doesn t.九句子单数变复数,留意以下五要素(1) 主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词,即 Iwe, you you,she,he,it they.如: She is a g
13、irl. They are girls.(2) am, is 要变为 are.如:I m a student. We are students.(3) 不定冠词 a, an 要去掉.如: He is a boy. They are boys.(4) 一般单数名词要变为复数形式.如: It is an apple. They are apples.(5) 指示代词 this, that 要变为 these, those.如: This is a box. These are boxes.十英语日期的表示法英语中月份和星期名称都是专出名词,它们的首字母必需大写,并且前面无需用冠词.用英语表示日期,
14、 其次序为月 +日+年,日和年之间需用逗号隔开. 如:August 2nd ,20222022 年 8 月 2 日.也可以用日 +月+年来表示.如: 10th May ,20222022 年 5 月 10 日英语日期前介词的使用:如指在哪一年或哪一月,就用介词in,如详细到某一天,就需用介词on.She was born in 1989She was born in August.She was born in August 1989.She was born on 2nd August, 1989.十一 .名词复数:在英语里面,名词分可数名词(countable noun)和不行数名词( u
15、ncountable noun ),不行数名词没有单复数之分,用时只当单数词用.可数名词有单复数之分,一个的前面要用a 或an,eg: a pencil, a basketball, a dictionary, an egg, an ID card ,而复数即两个或两个以上的要作相应的变化,情形如下:可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_1 特殊词,特殊变化,需单独记:child children ,man men, foot feet, woman women tooth teeth, sheep sheep,deerdeer2 一般的词在单数词后直接+“ s” :book boo
16、ks, pen pens,carcars, map maps, cartoon cartoons3 以 s, x, sh, ch 结尾的词 +“ es” box boxes, watch watches4 以辅音字母 +y 结尾的名词去掉“ y”,改成“ i ”,再加“ es”family families , comedy comedies5 以 f 或 fe 结尾的词,先去掉f 或 fe,改成“ v”再加 es knife knives, wife wives , handkerchief handkerchieves 十二 .时间的表达法(1) 直读式,即直接读出时间数字7: 05 se
17、ven five 8:16 eight sixteen(2) 过、差式,即几点差几分,几点过几分.(以 30 分为分界线)1:25 twenty-five past one 2:30 half past two 3:43 seventeen to four 4:38 twenty-two to five 312 小时制6:00 a.m. 上午 6 点 8:20 p.m.下午 8 点 20 分(4) 24 小时制13:00 13 点钟 22:15 22 点 15 分(5) 15 分可用 quarter4:15 a quarter past four 5:45 a quarter to six(6
18、) 时间前通常用 at.at 5 o clock at 7:30 p.m.十三 .关于时间的问法(1) 以 when 提问,“什么时候”可以是较长的时间段,也可以是较短的时间点When is your birthday.你的生日是什么时候?My birthday is Dec. 29th.我的生日是 12 月 29 日.这里就是指一天的时间段When do you go home.你几点回家?I go home at 4:30 p.m.我下午 4: 30 回家 .这里 when 问的是详细的时间.(2) 详细几点我们通常用what time 提问What time is it now.现在几点
19、了?or What s the time. 几点了?It s 9:26. 现在九点二十六.What time is it by your watch.你手表几点了?It s 8:36. Oh, It s 50 minutes late 8:36 ,哦,它慢了 50 分钟.What time do you get up.你几点起床? I get up at 6:00 a.m.我早上 6 点起床.十四 . want 用法(1) 想干什么用 want to do sthThey want to join the sports club.他们想加入运动俱乐部.(2) 第三人称单数作主语, want 要
20、作变化可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_He wants to play basketball.Li Xia wants to play the piano.(3) 变疑问句,否定句要借助助动词do 或 does. Do you want to play soccer ball . Yes , I do . / No , I don t. Does he want to go home by bus . Yes , he does . / No , he doesn t. 人称代词主格: I we you she he it they宾格: me us you her him i
21、t them形容词性物主代词: my our your her his its their名词性物主代词:mine ours yours hers his its theirs2. 形容词和副词的比较级(1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er older taller longer stronger, etc(2) 多音节词前 +more more interesting, etc.(3) 双写最终一个字母,再+er bigger fatter, etc.(4) 把 y 变 i,再 +er heavier, earlier(5) 不规章变化:well-better, much/many-more,
22、etc.3. 可数词的复数形式Most nouns + s a book booksNouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story storiesNouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass glasses a watch-watches Nouns ending in o +s or +es a piano pianos a mango mangoes Nouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knifeknives a shelf-shelves4. 不行数名词
23、 单复数形式不变 bread, rice, water ,juice etc.5. 缩略形式I m = I am you re = you are she s =heshise is he s =it s = it is who s =who is can t =can not isn t=is not etc6. a/ana book, a peach an egg an hour7. Preposition:on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.表示时间: at six oclock, at Chri
24、stmas, at breakfast可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_on Monday on 15th July On National Day in the evening in December in winter8. 基数词和序数词one first two-second twenty-twentieth9. Some /anyI have some toys in my bedroom.Do you have any brothers or sisters.10. be 动词(1) Basic form: am/are/is(2) 确定和否定句I amnot from
25、 London. My eyes arenot small.My hair isnot long.(3)一般疑问句:Am I a Chniese. Yes, you are. No, you aren t. Are they American. Yes, they are. No, they aren t.Is the cat fat. Yes, it is. No, it isn t.11. there be 结构确定句:There is a There are一般疑问句 :Is there . Yes, there is./ No, there isn t.Are there . Yes,
26、 there are. /No, there aren t.否定句:There isn t . There aren t .12. 祈使句Sit down pleaseDon t sit down, please.13. 现在进行时 .通常用“ now ” .形式: be + verb +ingeg: I amnot doing my homework. You/We/They arenot reading.He/She/It isnot eating.动词 ing 的形式Most verbs +ing walk walkingVerbs ending in e -e + ing come comingShort verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant runrunning swim swimming14 一般现在时.通常用“ usually, often, every day, sometimes ”.形式:确定句:可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_I go to school on foot every day.She goes to school on foot every day.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载