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1、精品_精品资料_一、名 词表示某一事物,有详细的和抽象的之分.分为可数名词和不行数名词.强调:不行数名词都默认为单数,所以总是用is 或者 was.最好不要依据 some、any、a lot of 等词去作判断,以免受误导.1、可数名词如何变 “复数形式 ”:a. 一般情形下,直接加-s,如: book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds .读音:清辅音后读 s ,浊辅音和元音后读 z .b. 以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾,加 -es,如: bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches .读音:
2、iz .c. 以 “辅音字母 +y ”结尾,变 y 为 i,再加 -es,如: family-families, strawberry-strawberries.读音: z .d. 以 “f或 fe ”结尾,变 f 或 fe 为 v, 再加 -es,如: knife-knives, thief-thieves .读音: z .e. 以 “ o结”尾的词,分两种情形1)有生命的 +es读音: z如: mango-mangoestomato-tomatoeshero-heroes2 无生命的 +s读音: z如: photo-photosradio-radiosf. 不规章名词复数:man-men,
3、 woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, snowman-snowmen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish,people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese2、不行数名词没有复数. 假如要运算不行数名词所表达的数量,就得在数词和不行数名词之间加上“量词+of ”.例如: a glass of water, a piece of paper, a bottle of juice判
4、定步骤:如是 am、 is 或 was原形读句子 读该单词 熟悉该单词 懂得意思 看 be 动词如是 are 或 were 加 s 或 es练一练:1、写出以下各词的复数.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Ihim this her watch mangochild 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_photodiary day footdresstooth 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_sheep box strawberrythiefengineer
5、peach 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_sandwich man woman leaf people 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_2、用所给名词的正确形式填空.( 1) Are there two box on the table.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_( 2) I can see some people in the cinema.( 3) How many day are there in a week.( 4) Herere five bottle of juice for
6、you.( 5) This violin is hers. Those grape are over there.二、冠词冠词是一种虚词,不能独立使用,通常放在名词的前面,分为“不定冠词 ”和“定冠词 ”两种.1、不定冠词: a、an.用在单数名词前,表示“一个,一件 ”.an 用在以元音 “音素 ”开头的单词前.如:an e-mail, an orange, an old man, an English watch, an hour2、定冠词: the.用在单数或者复数名词前.the 没有详细意思,有时翻译为这、那.它的基本用法:( 1)用来表示特指某(些)人或某(些)事物.如:The ma
7、p on the wall is new.( 2)表示说话者双方都知道的人或事物.如:Look at the picture, please.( 3)表示再次提到前面谈过的人或事物.如:This is a stamp. The stamp is beautiful.( 4)用在表示世界上独一无二的事物前.如:the sun 太阳 the moon 月亮 the earth 的球( 5)用在由一般名词构成的专出名词前.如:the Great Wall 长城( 6)用在江河、湖海等专出名词前.如:the Changjiang River 长江( 7)此外,序数词、形容词最高级、乐器名称等词前面和一
8、些习惯用语中一般都用定冠词the.如: the first day, the best boy, play the piano, in the same class确定用 a、an 仍是 the 时可依据汉语意思.练一练:1、用 a 或 an 填空.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_ “ U”ice-cream goalkeeper teapot apple可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_ office English book umbrella unit hour可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_2、
9、依据需要,填写冠词a, an 或 the.( 1) Who isgirl behindtree.( 2) old man has two children,son anddaughter.( 3) This isorange. orange is Lucys.( 4) He likes playingguitar. We havesame hobby.( 5) We all hadgood time last Sunday.( 6) She wants to bedoctor.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_三, 数 词我们学过两类:基数词和序数词.基数用于表示数量多少,而基数
10、词用于表示次序,常在日期中显现.区分:基数词前面没有 “the.”序数词前肯定要有 “the.”1、超过二十以上的两位数需要在个位和十位之间加上“-”.如: 21twenty-one2、三位数以上的就需要在百位数后再加上and.如: 101a/one hundred and one3、用基数词来修饰可数名词时,肯定别忘了它的复数形式.如:十八个男孩eighteen boys4、用基数词修饰不行数名词时,如是复数,变它的量词为复数.如:两碗米饭 two bowls of rice5、序数词一般加 “ th,”特别的有: first, second, third, fifth, eighth, n
11、inth, twelfth 以及二十及二可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_十以外的整十: twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth数词.如: 88eighty-eighth练一练:1、请翻译以下短语.第几十几“”:前面整十不变,后面 “几”改为序可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_(1)60 名同学(2)15 本英语书(3)九杯凉水(4)4 个孩子(5)12 月 31( 6) 6 月 2 日(7)第九周(8)40 年前(9)11+7(10)上学第一天2、把以下基数词改成序数词.one-two-three-nine- fourteen-twenty-
12、thirty-five-eighty-one四、代词代词有两种:人称代词和物主代词.1、人称代词分为:第一、其次、第三人称,且有单复数之分.2、人称代词的主格在句中做主语,一般用在动词前(疑问句除外).宾格在句中做宾语,多用于动词、介词后.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_3、形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用,后面肯定要跟名词,表示该名词是属于谁的.4、名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词.如:This is my bag. = This is mine.That is her ruler. = That is hers.一般看后面有没出名词,如有,就用形容词性物主代词.如无,就
13、用名词性物主代词.请牢登记表:主格单数Iyouhesheit复数weyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs人称代词物主代词练一练:1、按要求写出相应人称代词.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_I(宾格) she(形容词性物主代词) we(名词性物主代词) 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_he(复数) us(单数) theirs(主格)its (宾格) 可编辑资
14、料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_2、想一想,把下表补充完整.人称代词物主代词单数复数单数复数主格宾格主格宾格形容词性名词性形容词性名词性第一人称meusour其次人称youyouhehis可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_第三人称herthemtheir可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_itits3、用所给词的适当形式填空.1) That is notkite. That kite is very small, butis very big. I 2) The dress is. Give it to. she 3) Is thiswatch. you No
15、, itnots. I 4) is my brother.name is Jack. Look. Those stamps are. he 5)dresses are red. we What colour are. you 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_6) Showyour kite, OK. they 7) I have a beautiful cat.name is Mimi. These cakes are. it 8) Are thesetickets. No,are not.aren t here. they 9) Shallhave a look at tha
16、t classroom. That isclassroom. we 10) is my aunt. Do you knowjob.is a nurse. she 11) Where are. I can t find. Let s callparents. they 12) Don t touch.is not a cat,is a tiger. it 13) sister is ill. Please go and see. she 14) The girl behindis our friend. she 五、形容词、副词1、形容词表示某一事物或人的特点,副词表示某一动作的特点.形容词和副
17、词有三种形式:原形、比较级、最高级.比较级:+er最高级: the+est两个重要特点: as as中间肯定用原形, than 的前面肯定要 +er.2、形容词、副词比较级的规章变化如下:( 1)一般直接 +er.如: tall - taller, fast - faster单音节词假如以 -e 结尾,只加 -r.如: late - later( 2)重读闭音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母,须双写这个字母,再加-er.如: big - bigger, fat - fatter( 3)以辅音字母加 -y 结尾的词,变 y 为 i,再加 -er.如: heavy - heavier, early -
18、earlier( 4)双音节和多音节词的比较级应在原级前加more 构成.如: beautiful - more beautiful, careful - more careful, quietly - more quietly, interesting - more interesting( 5)有些不规章变化的,须逐一加以记忆.如:good/well better, bad/ill worse, many/much more, farfarther/further, oldolder/elder练一练:1、写出以下形容词、副词的比较级.biggoodlongtalloldshortthin
19、heavyyoungfatlightstronghighfarlowearlylatewellfastslow可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_2、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空.1) I can swim as fast as the fish, I think.2) Look. His hands are big than mine.3) I think you do these things well than your classmates.4) Whose bag is heavy , yours or mine.5) Does Jim run as(slow as D
20、avid. Yes, but Mike runs slow than them.6) You have seven books, but I have many than you. I ha ve ten.7) I jump far than some of the boys in my class.8) I m very thin , but she s thin than me.9) It getsand warm when spring comes here.六、介词1、一种虚词.不能单独作句子成分,它只有跟它后面的宾语一起构成介词短语,才能在句子中起作用.有: in, on, unde
21、r, with, behind, about, near, before, after, for, to, up, down, from, in front of, out of, from to , at the back of2、表示时间的介词有: at, on, in .( 1)at 表示 “在某一个详细的时间点上”,或用在固定词组中. 如:at teno clock, at 9:30 a.m., at night, at the weekend ( 2)on 表示 “在某日或某日的时间段”.如: on Friday, on thefirst of October, on Monday
22、morning( 3)in表示 “在某一段时间 (月份、 季节) 里”.如: in the afternoon,in September, in summer, in 20223、in 一词仍有其他的固定搭配,如:in blue (穿着蓝色的衣服) , in English (用英语表达) , take part in(参与).练一练:1、选用括号内恰当的介词填空.1) What s this at, on, in English.2) Christmas is at, on, in the 25th of December.3) The man with, on, in black is S
23、u Hai s father.4) He doesn t do well at, on, in PE.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_5) Look at those birds on, in the tree.6) We are going to meet at, on, in the bus stop at, on, in half past ten.7) Is there a cat under, behind, in the door.8) Helen s writing paper is in, in front of her computer.9) We live
24、at, on, in a new house now.10) Does it often rain at, on, in spring there.2、圈出以下句子中运用不恰当的介词,并将正确的答案写在横线上.1 Jim is good in English and Maths.2 The films were in the ground just now.3 They are talking to their plans.4 How many students have their birthdays on May.5 Women s Day is at the third of March
25、.6 I can jog to school on the morning.7 Did you water trees at the farm.8 Can you come and help me on my English.9 I usually take photos in Sunday morning.10 What did you do on the Spring Festival.七、动词这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称,其中包括be 动词、情态动词、助动词、行为动词(就是我们平常总说的那种动词) .动词、名词和形容词不太简单区分,如不能一眼看出,可用如下方法:先用 “一(量词) ”(
26、如: 一个、一张等) 和这个词连起来说, 如说得通, 一般认为是名词. 说不通再用 “很”去判定, 就是把 “很”和为个词连起来说, 说得通一般就是形容词. 都说不通就是动词. (目前我们学过的, 以后可能不同) (另外一些很明显的,如人称代词、数词、情态动词等一下就可以知道)1、be 动词( am, is, are, was, were )1) am was, is was, are-were 口诀:我用 am, 你用 are, is 用在他她它,全部复数全用are. 2)确定和否定句I am not from London. He isnot a teacher. She isnot in
27、 the dining room. My hair isnot long. Her eyes arenot small.3) 一般疑问句Am I a Chinese. Yes, you are. No, you aren t. Are they American. Yes, they are. No, they aren t.Is the cat fat. Yes, it is. No, it isn t.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_4) be 动词的否定形式:am not(没有缩写形式) ,are not = aren,is nt ot = isn. t可编辑资料 - -
28、 - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_用恰当的 be 动词填空.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_练一练:1、用 be 动词的适当形式填空.1) Ia boy.you a boy. No, Inot.2) The girlJacks sister.3) The dogtall and fat.4) The man with big eyesa teacher.5)your brother in the classroom.6) Howyour father.7) Mike and Liu Taoat school.8) Whose dressthis.9) Whose socksthey
29、.10) WhoI. 11)The jeanson the desk.12) Herea scarf for you.13) Heresome sweaters for you. 14) The black glovesfor Su Yang.15)This pair of glovesfor Yang Ling. 16) The two cups of milkfor me.17)Some teain the glass.18) Gao shans shirtover there.19)My sisters nameNancy. 20)David and Helen from England
30、.21)Therea girl in the room.22) Theresome apples on the tree.23)there any apple juice in the bottle. 24) Theresome bread on the plate.25) You, he and Ifrom China.26) Therea boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park.2、助动词(do, does, did )do, does 用于一般现在时, 其过去式 did 用于一般过去时.它们通常用在疑问句和否定句中.它们的否
31、定形式: do not = dont, does not = doesnt, did not =.didnt留意:在一般现在时中,does 用于第三人称单数,其余一律用助动词do.助动词 do, does, did 后面肯定要用动词原形.练1、用适当的助动词填空.1) you like this magazine.2) The girllike bread for breakfast.3) -Whatsheat the weekends. -She usually plays games with her friends.4) -Whayou do last Sunday. -I wrote
32、to my friend.5) -Did you see a Beijing opera. -No, I.6) Henot visit a farm last National Day holiday.7) Theynot like playing volleyball.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_8) -Jim have a picnic with his family every Saturday. -Yes, he.9) Helen and Yang Ling go to school on foot every day.10) -How many kiteswe h
33、ave. -We have ten.2、找出以下句子中的错误,将序号填入题前括号内,并改正. 1Did you had a big lunch with your family last Spring Festival.ABC 2-What do the boy have in his pencil-box. -He has a rubber.ABC 3They doesn t likeetfhilm.ABC 4Do Jim get up at six everyday.ABC 5Dont giving the ball to Liu Tao.ABC3、情态动词情态动词也是一类特别的动词,平常
34、我们不把它说成是动词.情态动词可以和行为动词同时显现在同一个句子中.我们现在学过的情态动词有:can、could 、shall、should、 will 、would 、 may、 might、must.留意:情态动词后动词总是用原形.(不受其他任何条件影响)其否定形式: can not = cant, must not = mustn注t,意: may not 和 shall not(无缩写形式)练一练:挑选填空. 1 The sign on the wall means youstay away from the building.A. mustB. cantC. shouldnt 2 H
35、ow many booksyou see on the desk.A. mayB. canC. should 3 It means youmake noise in the library.A. shouldB. shouldntC. can 4 -you like a glass of milk. - Yes, please.A. MayB. CouldC. Would 5 - you see the sign over there. - Sorry, I canA. Ct.anB. Can tC. Should 6we go to the park by bus.A. MayB. Must
36、C. Shall可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_4、行为动词就是我们平常上课时说的动词,表示某一动作或行为.如:sweep、live 等.行为动词我们已学过它们的四种形式:原形、第三人称单数+s/es、现在分词(也叫动名词)+ing 、过去式 +ed.( 1)动词第三人称单数变化规章:A 、一般直接加 “ s,”如: play plays, visit visits, speak speaks .B、以 “ s,”“ x,”“ sh,”“ ch结”尾时,加 “ es,”如: catch catches, watch watches .C、以 “辅音字母 +y ”结尾时,变 “
37、y为”“ i再”加 “ es,”如: carry carries, study studies .( 2)现在分词(动名词)构成规章:A 、一般直接加 “ ing,”如: go going, do doing, look looking.B、以不发音的 “ e结”尾的单词,去 “ e”加“ ing,”如: take taking, make making, have having .C、以重读闭音节结尾的词,如末尾只有一个辅音字母,需要双写这个字母再加“ ing,”如:put putting, stop stopping, run running, get getting, swim swim
38、ming, sit sitting, begin beginning, jog jogging, forget forgetting.( 3)过去式构成规章:A 、一般直接加 “ ed,”如: plant planted, visit visited, pick picked.B、以不发音字母 “ e结”尾,直接加 “ ed,”如: like liked, hope hoped, taste tasted .C、以 “辅音字母 +y ”结尾时,变 “ y为”“ i再”加 “ ed,”如: try tried, carry carried, study studied .D、有些动词要双写最终一
39、个字母,再加“ ed,”如: stop stopped .E、仍有许多动词的过去式是不规章的,请记忆:是-ambe-was-being .是 -arebe-were-being .是 -be-was, were-being . 成为 -become-became-becoming. 开头 -begin-began-beginning .弯曲 -bend-bent-bending . 吹-blow-blew-blowing.买-buy-bought-buying .能-can-could.捕获 -catch-caught-catching .挑选 -choose-chose-choosing.来
40、-come-came-coming .切-cut-cut-cutting .做-do, does-did-doing .画-draw-drew-drawing .饮-drink-drank-drinking.吃-eat-ate-eating. 感觉 -feel-felt-feeling .发觉 -find-found-finding.飞 -fly-flew-flying.遗忘 -forget-forgot-forgetting .得到 -get-got-getting .给 -give-gave-giving .走 -go-went-going .成长 -grow-grew-growing .
41、有-have, has-had-having.听 -hear-heard-hearing.受伤 -hurt-hurt-hurting .保持 -keep-kept-keeping .知道 -know-knew-knowing .学习 -learn-learned, learnt-learning .答应,让 -let-let-letting .躺 -lie-lay-lying . 制造 -make-made-making .可以 -may-might- .意味 -mean-meant-meaning .会见 -meet-met-meeting. 必需 -must-must- .放置 -put-put-putting .读 -read-read-reading.骑、乘 -ride-rode-riding .响、鸣-ring-rang-ringing .跑-run-ran-running .说-say-said-saying .观察 -see-saw-seeing.将-shall-should.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_唱歌 -sing-sang-singing .坐下 -sit-sat-sitting .睡