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1、专题01名词冠词一真题感悟(2021 高考全国甲卷)It allows the traveler to become educated about the areasboth in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provide money for conservation and benefits the(develop) of the local areas.【答案】development【解析】考查词性转换。动词变为名词。前面是the,后面是介词of,中间应当使用名词形式。1
2、. (2021 高考全国乙卷)(activity) there range from whale watching to hiking and accommodations aim (have) a low impact on the natural environment.【答案】Activities【解析】考查名词单复数。根据下文range from whale watching to hiking可知活动不止一个，需用复数形式。2. (2020 高考全国卷 I) The far side of the moon is of particular(interesting) to scien
3、tists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形 山)，more so than the familiar near side.【答案】interest【解析】考查词性转换中的名词。beof+抽象名词，且设空前为形容词particular故此处需要名词interest。3. (2020 高考全国卷 II) Chinese New Year is a(celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.【答案】celebration【解析】考查词性转换中的
4、名词。山设空前冠词a和空格后的现在分词作定语可知，设空处需使用名词形 式，在句中作表语,故填celebration。4. (2020 高考全国卷 III) Filled with(curious), the artist packed his bags and left.【答案】curiosity【解析】考查名词。句意“充满了好奇心“，with为介词，后面应当使用名词形式。curios的名词形式拼写 容易错误，应当重点记忆，故填curiosity。5. (2019 全国卷 III) When they were free from work, they invited us to local
5、events and let us know of an interesting(compete)to watch, together with the story behind it.省略thato【答案】pressure【解析】考查词性转换。根据under very high可知，空处应填名词作宾语,under.pressure为固定搭配，意 为“承受着的压力”。故填pressure。6. 【答案】adding【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处在句中作伴随状语,其与逻辑主语Rao是主谓关系，所以应用 现在分词作伴随状语。故填adding。7. 【答案】will travel【解析】
6、考查时态。If引导的状语从句若用一般现在时，主句则用一般将来时。故填willtravel。8. 【答案】recognized【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处作定语，修饰名词basin,且它与Utopia Planitia是动宾关系。 故填 recognized oC 体裁：记叙文 主题：人与社会大学录取If you (1)(admit) to a university in China, regardless of whatever you choose as your major, there9sone compulsory course that you cant avoid:
7、English.The fact is (2)you can probably miss (3)(attend) English class when other courses are taught, but youd better take English (4)(serious). (5)(fail) in the National College English Test, you may not be able to secure your Bachelors degree, even if you have your own major (6)(do) well.Each stud
8、ent learns a foreign language, and mostly English, from Day One of their compulsory education. Such policy (7)(be) in place since the nations reform and opening up in the early 1980s.Chinas total number of English language students and (8)(graduate) over the years can be equal (9) the entire populat
9、ion of Australia, thanks to ten national-level collegiate foreign language teaching institutes, (10) of the most important ones are Shanghai International Studies University and BeijingForeign Studies University.1 .【答案】are admitted【解析】be admitted to”被录取到”。2 .【答案】that【解析】that引导表语从句，不能省略。3 .【答案】attend
10、ing【解析】miss后面要跟动名词作宾语。4 .【答案】seriously【解析】take sth. seriously“认真对待”。5 .【答案】Failing【解析】现在分词作条件状语。6 .【答案】done【详解】过去分词作宾语补足语。7 .【答案】has been【解析】since引导时间状语时，主句常用完成时。8 .【答案】graduates【解析】graduate这里是名词，“毕业生”。9 .【答案】to【解析】be equal to“等于。10 .【答案】which【解析】which代指前面提到的10个大学。四完形填空组合练ABCASince our twins began l
11、earning to walk, my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window. The 1 is obvious. If we 2 it is a door, theyll want to go outside 3 . It will drive us crazy. The kids apparently know the 4 . But our insisting its 5 a window has kept them from 6 millions of request
12、s to open the door.1 hate lying to the kids. One day theyll 7 and discover that everything they*ve always known about windows is a 8 .I wonder if 9 should always tell the truth no matter the 10 , I have a very strong 11 that the lie were telling is doing 12 damage to our children. Windows and doors
13、have 13 metaphorical （比喻）meanings. Tm telling them they can*t open what they absolutely know is a door. What if later in 14 they come to a metaphorical door, like an opportunity （机会）of some sort, and 15 opening the door and taking the opportunity, they just 16 it and wonder, What if it isn*t a door?
14、 ” That is, “What if it isnt a 17 opportunity?”Maybe its an unreasonable fear. But the 18 is that I shouldnt lie to my kids. I should just 19 repeatedly having to say, No. We cant go outside now. Then when they come to other doors in life, be they real or metaphorical, they wont 20 to open them and
15、walk through.篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者以现实中的门，引申出生活中的“门 从而探讨了一种教育理 念。1. A. reliefB. targetC. reasonD. case【答案】C【解析】relief“安慰；target“目标；reason原因；case“情况”。根据下文“If we 2 it is a door, theyll want to go outside二可知这里作者在解释把门说成窗户的原因。所以这里意思是“原因是明显的”。故 选C。2. A.admitB. believeC. meanD. realize【答案】A【解析】 句意：如果我们承认它是一扇门，
16、他们就会不断地想出去。admit 承认；believe “相信”；mean “意味着；realize“意识到“。根据下文“they want to go outside可知孩子们就会经常想出去，那必然是作者承认它是一扇门。故选A。3. A.graduallyB. constantly C. temporarily D. casually【答案】B【解析】gradually “逐步地”;constantly 不断地；temporarily 临时地；casually 随便地根据下文“I should just 19 repeatedly having to sayJNo. We can*t go
17、outside now.” 可推测出，孩子们会不断土 也想出去。 故选BoA.resultB. dangerC. methodD. truth【答案】D【解析】 句意:孩子们显然知道这个真相。result “结果”；danger “危险”；method “方法”；truth “真相”。故选Do5. A.merely5. A.merely5. A.merelyB. slightlyC. hardlyD. partly【答案】A【解析】句意：但是，我们坚持说它只不过是一扇窗户，阻止了他们无数次要求打开这扇门的尝试。merely “只不过；slightly “轻微地”；hardly “几乎不；par
18、tly “部分地”。根据语境可知，作者在搪塞孩子们，所以 说它只不过是一扇窗户而己。故选A。6. A.reviewingB. approving C. receivingD. attempting【答案】D【解析】review “回顾”；approve “赞成；receive 收到；attempt“尝试”。根据下文“millions of requests to open the door”可知孩子们是想尝试打开门。故选D。7. A.win outB. give upC. wake upD. stand out【答案】C【解析】win out 最后获得成功”；give up “放弃”；wake
19、 up ”开始了解真相”；stand out “站出来”。根据下 文“and discover that everything theyve always known about windows is”可知有一天，孩子们会开始了解真相。故选C。8. A.dreamB. lieC. fantasyD. fact【答案】B【解析】dream 梦想；lie 谎言；fantasy 幻想；fact “事实”。根据上文“I hate lying to the kids.”以及结 合前文作者把门说成窗户，可知这里意思是他们所知道的关于窗户的一切，是一个谎言。故选B。9. A.parentsB. twinsC
20、. colleaguesD. teachers【答案】A【解析】根据下文“t。our children，可知这里意思是作者想知道父母是否应该说出真相。故选A。10. A.restrictionsB. explanations C. differences D. consequences【答案】D【解析】 句意：我想知道父母是否应该说出真相，无论结果如何。restriction “限制”；explanation “解释”; difference 差异；consequence “结果根据上文theyll want to go outside 3 ”可知一旦作者说出真相, 孩子们就总想着打开门出去，
21、这是一种说出真相的“后果”。故选D。11. A.demandB. fearC. desireD. doubt【答案】B【解析】demand要求”;fbar害怕;desire”欲望;doubt”怀疑。根据下文“that the lie were telling is doing 12 damage to our children和“Maybe its an unreasonable fear.”可知这是让作者强烈害怕的事情。故选 B。12. A. physical【答案】CB biologicalC spiritualD. behavioral【解析】 句意：我有一种强烈的害怕，害怕我们正在说的
22、谎言会对孩子们造成心灵上的伤害。physical体的”;biological “生物的”;spiritual “心灵的”;behavioral 行为的”。故选 C。13. A. traditionalB. importantC. doubleD. original【答案】B【解析】 根据下文说假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们不是打开 门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样工由此可知，窗户和门的比喻意义 是非常重要的。故选B。14. A. lifeB. timeC. replyD. history【答案】A【解析】根据下文“Then wh
23、en they come to other doors in life”可知这里意思是在生活中遇到比喻的门。故选 AoA. by comparison with B. in addition toC. regardless ofD. instead of【答案】D【解析】by comparison with 与 相比;in addition to 除 之外 ；regardless of 不管；instead of”而 不是”。根据语境可知，对孩子们撒谎，今后，孩子们面对生活中的“门”时，会观望，而不是打开“门故 选D。15. A.get hold ofB. stare atC. knock o
24、nD. make use of【答案】B【解析】get hold of “抓住”；stare at “凝视”;knock on ”敲击（门、窗广;make use of “利用。根据语境可知, 孩子们遇到机会，不是马上抓住它，而是在考虑很多问题。由此可知，孩子们在“凝视”机会。故选B。16. A.realB. typicalC. similarD. limited【答案】A【解析】句意：也就是说，假如它不是一个真的机会，将会怎么样？ real “真的”；typical “典型的；similar “相似的 limited “有限的。根据语境可知，孩子们面对机会，犹豫不前，是在质疑机会的真实性。故
25、选A。18. A .safety rule【答案】CB. comfort zoneC. bottom lineD top secret【解析】 句意：但是，底线是我不应该对我的孩子们撒谎。safety rule“安全守则；comfort zone “舒适区”;bottom line 底线”；top secret 绝密故选 C。19. A. delayB. regretC. enjoyD. accept【答案】D【解析】delay “推迟”；regret “后悔”；enjoy “享受；accept “接受”。此处表示，当作者告知孩子们真相时， 作者不得不重复地说：“不，我们现在不能去外面。”这就
26、是告诉孩子真相的后果，作者只能接受。故选D。 20. A.hurryB. decideC. hesitateD. intend【答案】C【解析】hurry “匆忙”；decide“决定；hesitate “犹豫”；intend“打一算。根据下文“and walk through”可知当 告知孩子们真相时，孩子们将不再犹豫，大踏步向前走。故选C。BThere are lots of ways to raise awareness for a cause. Usually, the the idea is, the more it gets noticed. And that*s precisel
27、y why one 2 Frenchman has caught our attention.Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe, surviving 3 on discarded （丢弃）food. The three-month, 1,900-mile journey from Paris to Warsaw is Dubanchets 4 of raising awareness of food waste in Europe and throughout the world.As you can 5 , the trip is no p
28、iece of cake. While restaurants 6 tons of food each year, much of it remains inaccessible because of 7 garbage containers, health regulations, or business policies. Only about one in ten places 8 him food that would otherwise be discarded. For legal 9 , most restaurants have a policy against 10 food
29、 waste. Some people have even 11 their jobs by giving me food, Dubanchet said.Whats 12 interesting is the attitude various cities have toward Dubanchet*s cause. Berlin has been the 13 while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen. There, he had to 14 at some 50 different stores or restaurant
30、s before finding food. The 15 is all the more serious when you consider the 16 exercise required to bike from France to Poland.“I have to get food 17 because after all the biking I am tired and I need the 18 ， ” Dubanchet explained. Is my 19 full or empty? That is the most important thing, not what
31、I am eating.”He aims to 20 his journey by mid-July. With any luck, hell turn a few more heads in the process.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了为提高人们节约食物的意识，法国人Dubanchet 骑行穿越欧洲,途中靠人们丢弃的食物为/乱并介绍了不同城IIJ对食物垃圾的不同态度。1. A.clevererB. olderC. strangerD. simpler【答案】c【解析】引起人们对一项事业的关注有很多种方式。通常来说，想法越奇怪Granger),得到的关注也越多。 根据下文所述
32、，骑行过程中以垃圾为食是一种奇怪行为。2. A.garbage-eating【答案】AB sports-lovingC. food-wastingD. law-breaking【解析】根据第二段中的“surviving二 on discarded (丢弃)fbod”可知，这个法国人靠捡垃圾为食。句意：这就是一个吃垃圾的(garbage-eating)法国人引起我们注意的原因。3. A.secretlyB. finallyC. entirelyD. probably【答案】C【解析】Baptiste Dubanchet骑行穿越欧洲，途中完全(entirely)靠吃人们丢弃的食物为生。4. A.p
33、urpose【答案】BB. wayC. opinionD. dream【解析】 根据第一段第一句可知，从巴黎到华沙，历时三个月，骑行1,900英里，这就是Dubanchet引起欧洲和世界对食物浪费这一现象关注的方式(way)。5. A.observeB. imagineC. suggestD. remember【答案】B【解析】正如你能想象(imagine)的，这趟骑行之旅并不容易。6. A.storeB. cookC. shop forD. throw away【答案】D【解析】根据上下文可知，饭店每年都要丢掉(throw away)大量的食物。7. A.locked8. damagedC.
34、 connectedD. abandoned【答案】A【解析】虽然饭店每年都会丢掉大量的食物，但由于垃圾箱被锁(locked)、健康法规或商业政策的限制，大 部分被丢弃的食物是不容易获得的。8. A.boughtB. offeredC orderedD. sold【答案】B【解析】只有大约十分之一的地方为他提供了 (offer)本要丢弃的食物。9. A.reasonsB. rightsC. feesD. aids【答案】A【解析】根据下文可知，送给别人被丢弃的食物是法律不允许的，因此此处指“出于法律原因(reason)”。10. A.begging for B. giving awayC. h
35、idingD. causing【答案】B【解析】大多数饭店都有政策禁止送给(give away)别人被丢弃的食物。11. A.didB. keptC. acceptedD. risked【答案】D【解析】有些人因为给“我”食物而冒着丢掉工作的风险(risk)。12. A.hardlyB. usuallyC. particularly D. merely【答案】C【解析】特别(particularly)有趣的是，各个城市对Dubanchet的事业的态度。13. A.easiestB. nearestC. biggestD. richest【答案】A【解析】根据后面的“while the most
36、 difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen”可知，前面应该是与最困难的对比，因此柏林是最容易(easiest)得到食物的城市。14. A.workB. shoutC. askD. jump【答案】C【解析】在最难获得食物的镇上，他要询问(ask)大约50家不同的商店或餐馆，才能找到食物。15. A.competition B. conversation C. conflictD. challenge【答案】D【解析】当你考虑到从法国骑行到波兰所需要的锻炼时，这个挑战(challenge)就更加严峻了。16. A.adequateB. rewardingC.
37、demandingD. suitable【答案】c【解析】 从法国骑行到波兰，对人来讲应该是费力的(demanding)锻炼。17. A.againB. aloneC. laterD. fast【答案】D【解析】“我不得不很快(fast)获得食物，因为骑行之后,“我”很累,需要.oA.spiritB. energyC. timeD. effort【答案】B【解析】骑行之后很累，需要补充能量(energy)。18. A.stomachB. handC. pocketD. basket【答案】A【解析】“我的肚子(stomach)是不是饱了？”这是最重要的，而不是“我”在吃什么。19. A.arr
38、angeB. restartC. reportD. finish【答案】D【解析】他打算在7月中旬完成(finish)他的旅行。CI was ready to pay for my bananas at the grocery one night, when fear seized me. My wallet was gone. I could only have left it on the G9 bus, which was now speeding in the dark to some station.The 2 moment was quickly followed by menta
39、l math. How much time and money would it cost to replace the 3of that little wallet? The credit cards, the drivers license, the cash, all lost to the bus.Two hours later, back at my house, I heard a knock on the door. My husband 4 it while I wasonthephone in the dining room. Does Jennifer live here
40、? ” I heard a lady say. In my husbands hand was my wallet, with not a penny5 . She left before I could 6 make it to the door to offer my thanks.After sharingthe story online, I heard from someone, who 7 the lady as Erin Smith. Without8,Icalled to thank her. She said she 9 my wallet on a bus seat. Sh
41、e 10 that going to a strangers house was a 11 move, but she decided to take the chance. If I were in that 12 , I would want someone to try to find me, “she said.This one stranger responded beautifully to my small 13 but she actually wasnt the only one. Right after Erin 14 my wallet on the bus, she p
42、osted a picture of my drivers license to an online forum (论坛)，trying to see 15 anyone knew me. No sooner did she leave my doorstep than I had emails from two women whose kids go to my son*s nursery and who recognized my face. Fve never 16 words with those moms beyond small talk, but they wanted to h
43、elp. I read that people are more divided than ever, but thats not how the people I 17 tend to act.18 I feel blessed someone had wanted to help a stranger. Erin had gone 19 what almost anyone would have done, finding my house on a bitterly cold night, and for that I was extremely 20 .篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章
44、讲述了一位素不相识的女士在公交车上捡到作者的钱包，并根据 钱包内的信息在寒冷的黑夜把钱包送到作者家中的故事。1. A. accessibleB. hiddenC. unknownD. convenient【答案】C【解析】这里表示公交车正驶向某一个未知的(unknown)车站，因此选CoA. face-savingB. brain-washing C. eye-catching D. heart-stopping【答案】D【解析】 前文中作者发现自己钱包丢失的时候感到害怕(fear seized me),复合形容词heart-stopping表示“令 人非常害怕的、与前文的fear在含义上是一
45、致的，因此选D。face-saving “保全面子的“；brain-washing “洗 脑的”;eye-catching “引人注目的”。2. A. partsB. contentsC. detailsD. ingredients【答案】B【解析】由后面提到的信用卡、驾照和现金可知，这里指作者在想，要把那个小钱包里的东西都更换需要花多少时间和金钱。这里用contents表示“所容纳之物”，指作者丢失的钱包里装的那些物品。3. A. ignoredB. answeredC. examinedD. interrupted【答案】B【解析】 根据下文内容可知，这里指作者在餐厅打电话的时候有人来敲门
46、，作者的丈夫去开(answer)的门, 因此选B。4. A. missingB. returnedC. remainingD. abandoned【答案】A【解析】根据下文的陈述可知，此处表示“一分钱都没有少”，形容词missing“丢失的”符合题意。5. A. stillB. everC. yetD. even【答案】D【解析】 此处表示还没等作者到门口对来送钱包的人道谢，对方就已经走了，用副词even强调出乎意料。6. A. selectedB. appointedC. identifiedD. defined【答案】C【解析】当作者在网上分享了这个故事之后，她收到了某个人的来信，这个人确
47、认了(identify)那位女士是【答案】competition【解析】考查词性转换。句意：当他们下班后，他们邀请我们参加当地的活动，他们告诉我们一个有趣的 比赛可以观看，以及背后的故事。由空格前的interesting形容词，修饰名词。故填competition.7. （2018高考全国卷D A mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all（cause）.【答案】causes【解析】考查可数名词复数的变化。句意：每天跑步只需5到10分钟，就能降低患心脏病的风险和因各种 原因导致的的早期死亡。cause是一个可数名词，表示“原因、由空格前的all可知，此处应该用复数形式， 故填 causes.8. （2018高考浙江卷）Making Chinese （dish） is seen as especially troublesome.【答案】dishes【解析】考查词性转换。根据修饰词Chinese可知用可数名词的复数dishes,表示“中国菜，（2018高考全国 III 卷）Im a （science） who studies animals such as apes and mon