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1、，专题05派生词及词形变化一真题感悟1. 2021 全国甲卷】Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their(day) routines.【答案】watchtowers； daily【解析】句意“人们本该两个小时就绕完城墙，但是我们停在不同的瞭望塔前拍照或者只是为了看看当地人们的生活工修饰名词routines应当使用形容
2、词，表示“日常生活工2.(2021 全国卷乙卷)1 provide2.(2021 全国卷乙卷)1 provide(finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.【答案】financial【解析】考查派生词。设空处后面有名词aid,充当provide的宾语，故修饰名词应当使用形容词作定语。3 . 2021 全国甲卷】Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and (watchtower) to fake pictures or j
3、ust to watch the local people going about their(day) routines.【答案】watchtowers ； daily【解析】句意“人们本该两个小时就绕完城墙，但是我们停在不同的瞭望塔前拍照或者只是为了看看当地人们的生活。修饰名词routines应当使用形容词，表示“日常生活工.(2020 全国卷 II) Chinese New Year is a(celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and thebeginning of spring.答案为 celebration o【答案】ce
4、lebration【解析】主考察的英语构词知识，由动词变为名词的后缀-tion。改词的变形规则是去掉原来动词celebrate当 中不发音的e字母，再加ion就成了原动词的名词形式。改句中意思是“庆祝活动”（英语解释为an accasion or party when you celebrate something ),改空前面 已经有 了不定冠词 a,故填 celebrationo.(2021 全国乙卷)It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the travelerto become 61(educate) ab
5、out the areas - both in terms ofgeographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 62(develop) of the local areas.答案educated; developmentIt wasn9t long ago that I first learned how important (1)(have) a passion fbr life is. That morning,
6、my mother and I went to the gym by bus. While (2)(wait) at the bus stop, I felt bored. Suddenly, someone by the roadside caught my eye. It was a homeless man (3)(dress) in old and dirty clothes. That didnt interest me because I (4)(see) many people like him before.However, in some way he was differe
7、nt from others. I couldnt see a sad (5)(express) on his face. He had a radio in his hand and was dancing (6)(cheer) to the music. The radio seemed to be the most important thing he had.“Mom, why does the man have a radio even though he is homeless?” I asked. If he is homeless, why doesnt he use the
8、money (7)(buy) food or clothes? He wasted it on something (8)is unnecessary.”“Sarah, sometimes food and clothes arent the most important things. We need happiness, too. Happiness is the key (9)life, and we all need a passion fbr life. Ifs a passion (10)makes us keep going,“ said my mother.1.2.3.4.5.
9、6. 78910.1 .【答案】having【解析】动名词短语作主语。passion”激情，热情，酷爱。我是在很久以前第一次知道热爱生活是多么重 要。2 .【答案】waiting【解析】wait和主语构成主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。也可以看作waiting前面省略了 Iwas。3【答案】dressed【解析】dressed作定语，和所修饰词构成被动关系。dress的宾语是“人”而不是“衣服”.答案had seen【解析】这并没有引起我的兴趣，因为以前我见过许多像他这样的人。表示“过去的过去“要用过去完成时。4 .【答案】expression【解析】expression”表情:在他的脸上我看
10、不到难过的表情。5 .【答案】cheerfully【解析】修饰动词danced,要用其副词形式。他手里拿着一台收音机，愉快地随着音乐跳舞。dance to the music “跟随着音乐跳舞”。6 .【答案】to buy【解析】如果他无家可归的话，为什么不用这些钱来买些食物和衣服呢？7 .【答案】that【解析】that引导定语从句修饰somethingo先行词是不定代词时，关系代词用that不用whicho 9.【答案】to【解析】thekeyto”的关键。幸福是生活的关键，我们都需要热爱生活(对生活充满激情)。10.【答案】that【解析】强调句型。是对生活的热爱使我们生活下去。CBas
11、ed on recent researches, distance-learning is slowly proving as (1)(value) as the traditional campus. It is a fixed truth that this form of learning is (2)the increase. Moreover, both students and teachers have expressed their (3)(happy) with these courses. The best part of distance learning courses
12、 is their flexible format. Students can continue (4)(work) and study at the same time without any kind of difficulty. You will (5)(provide) with the facilities of a virtual (虚拟的)classroom and a virtual campus. Anyone (6)upgrades their professional knowledge to a new level can apply for these courses
13、. With an online study format, the tests and notes can be (7)(access) with just a mouse click from your home computer. However, a student (8)(attend) an online course must take the time management (9)(serious). Every online student must keep (10)in mind that proper management of time and study sched
14、ule is the key towards success in this format.1.2.3.4.5.7.78910.1 .【答案】valuable【解析】valuable,要去-e。”有价值的”,此处用形容词。2 .【答案】on解析on the increase在增加“，on the decrease在减少3【答案】happiness【解析】前面有their,要用名词形式。4 .答案to work【解析】continue后面可以用不定式也可以用动名词，从后面的study可以看出这里用不定式。5 .【答案】be provided【解析】被提供虚拟教室和虚拟校园这样的设施，所以用被动。
15、6 .答案who / that【解析】who/that先行词为anyone,谓语是can apply。7 .答案accessed / accessible【解析】此处指这些测试和笔记可以被获得。8 .【答案】attending【解析】attending/ that； attends/ who attends,此处作定语，修饰 a student。9 .【答案】seriously【解析】takeseriously”认真对待”。10 .【答案】it【解析】it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的that从句。四完形填空组合练ABCAYou might think having to dial 911 i
16、n an emergency would be scary, but really it was OK because I knew what to do. One j_ I was sitting on a rock watching my mom _2 a horse. The next second, she went _3 backward when the horse kicked her. She landed on the ground, 4， got up on her knees, and held her face in her hands. The horse ran o
17、ff.I was in a bit of _5_. I yelled to my mom and 6 if she was all right. She didn*t answer. _7, she ran inside the house. I was scared, but I knew my mom would want me to make sure the horse was _8. I led himback to the barn. Hes not 9 or scary or anything-sometimes accidents10 happen.Once I put him
18、 in a stall, I ran U. My mom did not look OK. I called 911 and told the _12 what had happened. The ambulance came and drove us a short distance to where a helicopter was waiting to J 3 my mom to the hospital. In the ambulance, I called my moms friend, who came and took me to the 14 , too.I was cryin
19、g and so 15 and shaking. Would my mom be OK? After a(n) 16 and five days in the hospital, she came home. I was so 17 to have her back. She was training 18 again after about six weeks.Later on, I couldnt believe it when the government gave me an award for how I 19 the emergencyand helped my mom. One
20、things for sure: She can always _20 me.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了“我”拨打911救妈妈的一次经历。1. A.momentB. lineC. zoneD. second【答案】D【解析】根据下文中的“The next second(下一秒)可推知，此处表示这一秒“我”坐在石头上看妈妈驯马。故选Do2. A.pushB. trainC. beatD. feed【答案】B【解析】根据倒数第二段尾句“She was training18 again after about six weeks.”可知，设空处应填train“训练”。3. A.appro
21、aching B. fightingC. flyingD. crashing【答案】c解析】根据本句中的“the horse kicked her”可知，马把妈妈踢飞了。故选Co4. A.rolled overB. stepped forwardC. slipped awayD. spread out【答案】A【解析】根据上文妈妈被马踢飞以及设空处所在句的一连串动作可知，此处表示妈妈落地，翻滚，屈膝起来，用手捂脸。roll over意为“翻身”，故选A。step forward 向前走”；slip away “溜走”；spread out 散开5. A.shockB. sadnessC. di
22、sappointmentD. amusement【答案】A【解析】联系上文可知，突如其来的意外事故令“我”震惊。amusement “娱乐”。6. A.responded B. askedC. exploredD. comforted【答案】B【解析】根据下文中的“answer”可知，此处应是“我”询问妈妈，故选B。7. A.ThusB. Unfortunately C. InsteadD. Actually【答案】c【解析】根据语境可知，妈妈没有回答反而跑进屋里。故选C。8. A.deadB. wildC. heavyD. safe【答案】D【解析】 根据语境及设空后的“I led him
23、back to the bam”可知，此处表示“我”知道妈妈想让“我”确保马是安 全的。故选D。9. A.meanB. mildC. lovelyD. special【答案】A【解析】根据设空后的“or scary”并结合语境可知，设空处应与scary为同一感情色彩的词。mean意为“凶狠的”,故A项符合语境。mild “温和的”。10. A .justB. alreadyC. rarelyD. rather【答案】A【解析】该句前半部分表述这匹马并不凶狠或吓人，由此可知此处表示有时候意外就是恰巧发生了。故选Ao11. A.outsideB. awayC. insideD. off【答案】c【
24、解析】根据第二段中的“she ran inside the house”可知，此时“我”应该是跑进屋里看妈妈。故选C。12. A.operator B. waiterC. doctorD. director【答案】A【解析】“我”拨打了 911,接电话的应是接线员(operator)。13. A.sacrifice B. bringC. holdD. take【答案】D【解析】根据下文妈妈在医院住了 5天可知，直升机正等着带妈妈去医院。take sb to someplace意为“把某人带到某地”。14. A.helicopter B. hospitalC. ambulanceD. barn【
25、答案】B【解析】根据设空后的“too”可知，妈妈的朋友把“我”也带到了医院。故选B。15. A.discouraged B. frightenedC. confusedD. frozen【答案】B【解析】根据上文妈妈受了很重的伤和该句中的“cryingshaking”可知，此处表示“我”很害怕。故选B。16. A.connection B. recoveryC. operationD. adventure【答案】C【解析】根据上文妈妈受了很重的伤可知，此处表示妈妈手术之后在医院待了 5天。recovery 恢复operation 手术17. A.upsetB. crossC. happyD.
26、calm【答案】C【解析】根据语境并结合常识可知，此处表示妈妈回来“我”很开心。故选C。cross 恼怒的工18. A.legsB. kneesC. bikesD. horses【答案】D【解析】根据上文“watching my mom a horse”可知，妈妈好了之后又开始驯马。故选D。19. A.handled B. survivedC. instructedD. claimed【答案】A【解析】 根据上下文内容可知，政府因“我”处理紧急情况的方式和帮助了妈妈而奖励了“我”。故选A。claim “宣称”。20. A.care about B. count onC. get hold of
27、D. look up to【答案】B【解析】 根据上文“我”处理紧急情况，帮助了妈妈可知，有一点可以肯定的是她可以一直依靠我。care about “关心”;count on “依靠”；get hold of 抓住”;look up to “钦佩From childhood, Moira loved to write. Throughout school she I writing, but pursuing （追求）it 2 was never a possibility. Her father was a doctor, her mother a nurse. Medicine was a
28、 fairly 3 option, “ Moira says. And writing was a career where it wasnt a 4 that youd have high income.”She became a doctor but still wanted to do some writing. However, being a doctor was so _5 that she didnt take up writing until her thirties. She 6 a novela fictionalized version of her travels in
29、 China after university. She got excellent 7 , Moira sent it off to as many agents as she could find and found one who wanted to _8her. Suddenly it seemed she was on her 9 as an author.21. had one lengthy phone call with the agent where we 10 all possible areas she thought needed11 . I worked on tho
30、se and sent it back to her but didn*t hear anything. It was not long Moira found another agent who was 13 if she was willing to rewrite it from the first person to the third person. She did the hard work and sent it off again. I got back a really brief letter: Thank you. Im no longer interested/ It
31、was really _14A decade went by, and Moira found herself itching to write again, this time 15 for her own enjoyment. She 16 herself the challenge of creating a thriller and chose Western Australia as her setting.As she was writing just for herself, something surprising began to happen. The characters
32、 17 a life of their own; they started doing things I hadnt thought about. It just 18 out“ One day, an agent called from Australia. Three weeks later, Moira had a publication deal. Her novel, Cicada, was published in March.“ 19 it hadnt been published I still gained so much from the 20, says Moira.篇章
33、导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了 Moira(莫伊拉)虽然作为一名医生，但她爱好写作并坚持写 作，在追求的过程中努力尝试的故事。1. A.learntB. avoidedC. consideredD. enjoyed【答案】D【解析】根据首句From childhood, Moira loved to write.”可知，从童年开始，Moira就爱好写作；由此推断，在上学期间，她仍然喜欢(enjoy)写作。故选D。2. A.actively B. professionally C. energeticallyD. permanently【答案】B【解析】actively “积极地；profe
34、ssionally ”作为职业地”;energetically ”精力充沛地”；permanently “永久 地”。根据but转折及该句中的关键词never a possibility可知，尽管Moira喜欢写作，但是把写作当作职业 来追求几乎是不可能的。故选B。3. A.influential B. explicitC. terribleD. safe【答案】D【解析】influential “有影响的”;explicit 明确的”;terrible “可怕的；safe “安全的”。根据设空处前一句Her father a doctor, her mother a nurse.”可知，她的
35、父母会给予她医学方面很多的帮助，所以Moira认为医学是 一个十分安全的(safe)选择。故选D。4. A.dreamB purposeC choiceD. certainty【答案】D【解析】 根据上文提到不会把写作当作职业可知，Moira也认为写作不是一个确定的事，也不一定能带来 高收入。故选D。5. A.promising B. discouraging C. demandingD. interesting【答案】C【解析】promising “有希望的，有前途的；discouraging “使人泄气的“；demanding ”苛刻的，要求高的”; interesting ”有趣的根据设
36、空后的“she didnt take up writing until her thirties”可知,医生是一个要求很高的 职业，因此她直到三十多岁才开始写作。故选C。6. A.produced B. introducedC. boughtD. received【答案】A【解析】produce ”创作，生产，产生”。根据语境可知，她以大学毕业后在中国的旅游经历为背景创作了 一本小说。故选A。7. A.rewards B. readersC. reviewsD. praises【答案】c【解析】根据下文提到她把她的小说寄给很多代理商，可以判断这部小说写出来后，她得到了极好的评论。故选C。8.
37、A.employ B. representC. trustD. guide【答案】B【解析】 根据语境可知，Moira在众多的代理人中找到愿意代理出版这本小说的人。故选B。9. A.own B. feetC. wayD. business【答案】C【解析】根据语境可知，她似乎突然就要成为作家了。on onds way 即将到达或发生。故选C。10. A.took off B. went through C. pulled downD. came over【答案】B【解析】take off 脱下,起飞”;go through ”仔细察看，仔细琢磨”;pull down “拆毁，推翻；came o
38、ver ”过 来，来访“。根据语境可知，Moira在电话中与代理人就小说中需要润色的地方进行了仔细琢磨(go through)。 故选Bo11. A.deletingB. adaptingC. polishingD. covering【答案】C【解析】polish 修改，润色“。Moira在电话中与代理人就小说中需要润色(polish)的地方进行了仔细琢磨。 故选C。12. A.before B. afterC. sinceD. when【答案】A解析】 根据上文中的“sent it back to her but didn*t hear anything可知，Moira重新把小说发给代理人但
39、是 没有收到任何回复，不久之后Moira找到了另外一个代理人。句型It wasnt long before .意思是“不久之 后故选A。13. A.fascinated B. interested C. anxiousD. amused【答案】B【解析】根据下文中的“Pm no longer interested”可知，此处指这位代理人对她的书感兴趣。故选B。14. A.common B. absurdC. terrifyingD. disappointing【答案】D【解析】common “共同的；absurd “荒谬的；terrifying“令人恐惧的“；disappointing “令人
40、失望的”。根据两位代理人的态度可知，Moira这两次都以失败告终，所以这件事情肯定令她感到失望。故选D。15. A.purelyB. wonderfully C. instantlyD. sadly【答案】A【解析】根据该句中的“found herself itching to write again . own enjoyment”可知，她发现自己渴望再次写作，而这次写作仅仅(purely)是为了个人乐趣。故选A。16. A.setB. foundC. madeD. permitted【答案】A【解析】根据语境可知，Moira向自己提出(set)了一个挑战，写一部惊险小说。set “提出”。
41、故选A。17. A.put up B. took onC. went over D. got down【答案】B【解析】put up 建造，张贴；take on 开始具有(某种特征、面貌等广；go over “仔细检查”；get down 下 来，取下“。根据该句The characters 17 a life of their own; they started doing things I hadnt thought about. 可知，小说中的人物开始具有(take on)他们自己的生活。故选B。18. A.flew B. broughtC. brokeD. carried【答案】A【解
42、析】 由前句“they started doing things I hadnt thought about”可知Moira写作很顺利，内容喷涌而出。flyout“冲出”,符合语境。故选A。19. A.Ever since B. Asif C. If onlyD. Even if【答案】D【解析】ever since “自从；asif “好像，似乎；if only 要是就好了 ； even if 即使，尽管: 根据语 境可推断出，即使(even if)这部小说没有出版，Moira仍然在这个过程中得到许多。故选D。20. A.adventureB. practice C. processD. r
43、esult【答案】C【解析】根据语境可推断出，Moira在这个过程(process)中得到许多。故选C。CEvery year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They 1 with them lots of waste. The _2 might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers （冰I） are disappearing, changing the 3 of Kilimanjaro.Hearing the
44、se stories, Im _4 about the place-other destinations are described as “purer“ natural experiences.However, I soon5 that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of _6 among tons ofrubbish. I find a 7mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are8 b
45、ut the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be _9.The best of a Kilimanjaro 10 in my opinion, isnt reaching the top. Mountains are 11 as spiritual places by many cultures. This 12 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 13 go through five ecosystems （生态系统）in the space of a fe
46、w kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3,000 meters, 14 lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather 15 low clouds envelop the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I 16 twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4,000 meters is the highland 17 ： gr
47、avel （砾石）,stones and rocks. 18 you climb into an arctic-like zone with 19 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.Does Kilimanjaro 20 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace? I found the opposite to be true.【解析】61空内为动词，考查词性转换，谓语或者非谓语形式。此题为固定搭
48、配,become/be +ed+介词; 故答案为：educated.拓展止匕题为常见考法，be interested in, be amazed at, be concerned about这些词组必须记 牢。62空内为动词，考查词性转换，设空前为定冠词the后面应当使用名词。此题为the+名词+ of结构, 故填 developmento(2020 北京高考)Oliver says if youre(luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them if/whether you can join in when its possible.【答案】lucky【解析】考查词性转换。由句