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1、考点03形容词和副词、思维导图洛词和代词,作定语. 表语、宾补和伏语洞、形容词.副词和句子,作状语E : -able , -y , -al , -ent, -ive , -ful , -ousTHS 况,+ly以辅音加y结尾,将 y 改成干,再加“yJ成副词的规那么以e结尾:在去e-ly ,辅e直接+ly , Ie结尾,e改y以II结尾,只+y5级的构成规那么as + 原级 + as与not + as/s。+ 原级 asr 级+ than -匕更.*r普通句式(J n。+比拟级+ than 两者同样不(the +比校级+ of the two “两者之间比拟的 f比拟级+ and +比拟级mo
2、re and more +原级,来IS *固定句式(N the+必攵级,the+tttt级 tt -(蘸式+1班级.非常.:修饰语:much, still, no, even, far, a lot. a little, a great deal, a bitthe +最高圾+ irV of/ among短语是.中最的普通句式( one of the +形容词最高级+可数名词赁数“是最之一 never a(n)+形容词比拟级+可数名词单数1从未更的固定句式比拟级+ than + any other +名词单数比任何都”(比拟级+than+the other名词匕数比任何都r倍数+as+形容词/
3、副词的原级+as,倍数+形容词/副词的比拟级+than,一卜 &li+tbe size/height/ weight/length/width/depth/.of卜 tt+that+of1倍数+what从句l -ing形容词主要用于修W初,表示事物的性质或特征常洋为令人.的:修饰人时及俄示此人具有此性质或特征.-ed形容词通常用于说明人的感受掌译为感到的,强调人自身的情感波动.-al该词缀大多是加在名词后形成形容词的。不过,有些“-al”后缀那么仅表达了该词的形容词性,并非以 这种方式构成形容词。意为属于的”“有特性的如:actual, medical等。2 . -ful这一后缀有两种情况:(
4、1)加在名词之后构成形容词,表示“充满的,“有性质的“,如beautiful, colourful. helpful, powerful,successful, useful, wonderful o(2)加在动词之后,所构成的形容词意为“易于的,如forgetful。3 .-ica1-ical”同“ic”一样附加在名词或词干后构成形容词,意为“的”、”似的4 ”与有关的”, 如 physical,political,practical,technical 等。注意:有些形容词的词尾可能是“一ic”和“一ical”并存,且可以互相替代,但这不是说两者就没有任何区别。一 般来说,词尾“ic”与词
5、根的关系比拟密切,而词尾“ical”与词根的关系比拟含糊,一般作“与有关的”解。 请比拟:an electric light (电灯),electrical engineering (电气工程);histo ric 意为“历史上有名气的“,historical 那么意为“关于历史的(2)以“ic结尾的形容词,其相应副词那么往往是pacifically,scientifically。4 . -ive “-ive”意为“的”、“与有关的”、“具有性质的”等。如:native, active, passive, attentive,expensive o5 .-less -less”加在名词、动词后
6、,表示“无“、“缺.- (i) ous该形容词后缀意为“充满的”、”具有特征的,加在名词、动词和形容词之后。 例如:curious, famous, dangerous, obvious, poisonous, serious, variouso 鸣.难点剖析:广 意义有别的同根副词hard努力地hardly几乎不near附近nearly几乎,将近high 高highly高度地most大多数mostly主要地deep深入地deeply深深地wide广阔地widely广泛地late迟lately最近,近来close靠近closely密切地free自由地freely免费地just正好justly公
7、正地形容词的雕:用?缅艇名词或代词,表示人 或事物的性质、状态和特征的词形容词的雕:及句法功能形容词的雕:及句法功能作定语:He gave me a beautiful gift.作表语:The task is not easy.句法功能t作补足语:He was found alive.(主语补足语)His words made me angry.(宾语补足语)作状语:Tired and hungry, he went home.副词的殿:副词是用以修饰动词、形容词、另一副词魁匐子,表询间、地点酸、方整的词。作状语:No one knows exactly when the first kit
8、e was made.副词的句法功能It must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers. Immediately, I raised my hand.作表语:仅限于地点副词或与介丽形的副词herejhere,in: out; upstairs, dowstairs, above, away, abroad, off back, over, home等,且系动词通常是be,如Class is over.一般单音节词和大局部局部双音节词加-er/est: grcat-greatcr-greater以辅音字母+e结尾的词加-r/-st: la
9、te-later-latest规那么变化以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i加-er/-est: early-earlier- earlier形容词、副词的比拟级、最高级以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写尾字母加-er/- est: hot-hotter-hottest多音节和局部双音节词前加more/mos: timportant- more important-most importantgood/well-better-best bad/ill-worse-worst不规贝I变化 式 many/much-more-mostlittle-less-leastfar-farther/further
10、-farthest/furthest融 考点1形容词、副词的比拟等级:一、平级比拟1. ”as+形容词+ (a/an)+名词+as”表示同级比拟,注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。此II is generally believed (hat teaching is as much an art as i( is a science.人们普遍认为,教学是一门科学,同时也是一门艺术。2. ” as +形容词/副词的原级+as 与not as/so+形容词/副词的原级+as ”表示同级比拟,即两个或两局部 人或物在性质上或程度上相同(不同)。卬The work is not as/so d
11、ifficult as you imagine.这项工作不是像你想像的那么难。【特别提醒】as+形容词+as+数量词二数量词+形容词。如:The building is as tall as 100 meters. = The building is 100 meters tall.这栋楼有 100 米。二、比拟级.比拟级的修饰语有:rather, much, still, any(否认句、疑问句中),even, far, a lot, a bit, a little, a great deal 等。 听He is much taller than Yao Ming.他比姚明高多了。The b
12、ook is better by far than that one.这本书比那本书要好得多。1 .比拟级的常见结构:(1)“比拟级+than”结构可以表达一方超过或低于另一方的情况。*You look much younger than I do.你看上去比我年轻多了。由She doesnt work harder than you.她工作不如你努力。(2)由more, fewer, less+名词构成的比拟级more比多”,后接复数名词或不可数名词have more news books than my cousin.wHc has more milk than I.less “比少”,后
13、接不可数名词He has less water than me.fewer“比少,后接复数名词所They have fewer flowers than we .2 .比拟级的特殊结构(1) The more.,the more表示越,就越”(more代表比拟级)o-The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.你越细心,你犯的错误就越少。片The happier you are, the more friends you will make.你越快乐,你将会交越多的朋友。2 “比拟级+比拟级”和“more and mor
14、e+多音节词原级”表示“越来越”Our school is cleaner and cleaner.我们的校园越来越干净。MDurcity becames more and more beautiful.我们的城市变得越来越漂亮。3 . the+比拟级+ofthelw。+名词表示两者中较的那个。raThe taller of the two boys is my brother.两个男孩中较高的那位是我哥哥。4 no +比拟级+than”结构表示“和一样不”“not +比拟级+than”结构意为“不及”,表示前者不如后者wYou arc no taller than I.你和我一样矮。c*-M
15、y handwriting is not better than yours.我的书法没有你的好。三、最高级.最高级的修饰语常见的有:序数词,by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not really not quite, nothing Iikeo o-The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的桥。Td like to buy the second most expensive camera.我想买仅次于最贵
16、的照相机。1 .最高级意义的表达法the +最高级+比拟范围w-This apple is the biggest of the five.nevera(n)+比拟级+可数名词单数皿 have never read a better book than this.比拟级+than+any other+单数名词y 比拟级+ than+all the other+复数名词比拟级+than+anyone else比拟级+ than+any of (he other+复数名词比拟级+ lhan+lheresl of+复数名词或不可数名词eg:朱莉娅是她班上最高的女生。(一句多译)Julia is ta
17、ller than any other girl in her class.Julia is taller than all the other girls in her class.Julia is taller than any of the other girls in her class.Julia is taller than the rest of girls in her class.Julia is the tallest girl in her class.否认词+比拟级=最高级。o-There is no greater love than that of a man wh
18、o lays down his life for his friends.为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。所一Are you satisfied with what he said at the meeting?你对他在会议上说的满意吗?No. It couldnt have been worse.不,不能再差了。【巧学妙记】形容词和副词比拟等级用法口诀1 .比拟级与最高级:两者比拟than相连,三者比拟the在前。2 .同级比拟:同级比拟用原形,as. as永不离;as. as加not,只言两者是同一,假设是not so. as,后强前弱不看齐。【妙语诠释】比拟级通常和than连用,而
19、最高级前通常有定冠词ihe;同级比拟一般用as. as表示与一样”,这时谁强谁弱不能比拟出来,而noi so. as那么表示后者比前者强,翻译为不如。考点2倍数表达法表示倍数的句型:(l)A is+倍数+比拟级+than + B(2)A is+倍数+as+原级+as+B(3)A is+倍数+the+名词(size, length, height 等)+of+B(4)A is+倍数+ lhal+of+B(5)Ais+倍数+ what引导的名词性从句his building is three times higher than that one.This building is three tim
20、es as high as that one.This building is three times the height of that one.这个建筑物是那个建筑物的3倍高。crThe output of this year is 3 times that of 2008.=The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2008.今年的产量是2008年的三倍。wAfter the new technique was introduced, the factory produced twice as many cars in 2008
21、 as the year before. 自从新技术被引进以后,这家工厂2008年生产的小汽车是上一年的两倍。 1建 考点3 -ing形容词和-ed形容词:1.以ing结尾的动词变化而来的形容词一般修饰物,译为“令人的”,常作定语:主要用于说明事物, 表示事物的性质或特征,假设用它们说明人,那么表示此人具有此性质或特征。2.以-ed结尾的动词变化而来的形容词一般修饰人 用于说明事物,即使它们所修饰的名词是事物, encourage令人鼓舞的interesting 有趣的astonishing令人惊呆的surprising令人惊奇的moving令人感动的frightening令人害怕的,译为“(
22、人)的”,常作表语;通常用于说明人,不那它们指的也是与该事物相关的人。encouraged受到鼓舞的interested感兴趣的astonished 惊呆的surprised感到好奇的moved感动的frightened 害怕的terrified感到恐惧的 puzzled感到困惑的 satisfied感到满意的 tired感到厌烦的 amazed感到惊讶的 bored感到厌烦的 excited感到激动的 touched感动的 embarrassed 尴尬的terrifying令人恐惧 puzzling令人困惑不解的satisfying令人满意的 tiring令人厌倦的 amazing令人惊讶的
23、boring令人讨厌的 exciting令人兴奋的 touching触动人心的 embarrassing令人尴尬的had a pleased smile on his face.他脸上露出了满意的微笑。told me the news in a very excited voice.他告诉了我这个消息,声音很激动。bThe story is very interesting.这个故事很有趣。*The man is very interesting,这个人很有趣。a frightened look害怕的表情(指带有这种“表情”的人感到害怕)a frightening look吓人的表情(指这种“
24、表情”令人害怕)excited talk心情激动的谈话(指“谈话”的人心情激动)an exciting talk令人激动的谈话(指听“谈话”的人心情激动)考点4词类转换:Lj一、形容词变副词福高羹副高通霜是加竟赢看如至哥福请山桂近7口花一般直接加,一元(c)去e加,一辅(y)改i加,le结尾e改y。分别举例如下:quickquickly; truetruly; happyhappily; possiblepossibly 其标窥血而示;1 . 一般情况下宜接加一ly,如:recentrecentlypolitepolitelysadsadlyimmediateimmediately2 .少数以
25、e结尾的形容词,要去掉e再加-ly。如:due-dulytrue-truly绝大多数辅音字母加e结尾的形容词直接加-ly。如:polite-politelywidewidelynicenicelywisewisely.以一个y结尾的,且读音为/ i /先将一y改成一i再加一ly如:happyhappilyheavyheavilyangryangrilyangryangrilybusybusily但是如果读音为/ai /,但是如果读音为/ai /,直接加ly,如:dry-drylyshy-shyly.以ic结尾的词,加ally,如:economic-economicallybasicbasica
26、llyscientificscientificallyscientificscientificallyautomaticautomaticallyenergetic-energetically.以辅音字母加le结尾时,去e加y,如:simplesimplyconsiderable-considerablyterribleterriblyterribleterriblygentlegentlypossible-possiblypossible-possiblyprobableprobably元音字母加le时加ly,如:solc-solclyo但是wholc-wholly例外。3 .以-11结尾时
27、,只须加-y,如:dulldullyshrillshrilly需注意:有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词。如:friendly peoplemotherly carelovely clogmonthly exammonthly examheavenly peacea manly sport二、形容词后缀I.-able以“-able”结尾的形容词一般有两种情况:(1) v.+able-adj.以这种方式构成的形容词其意义为“能的”、“可以(被)的”、”:合于的“、“值得的”等,即有被动含义。reliable (可以依靠的)drinkable (可以饮用的)eatable (可食用的)(2) n.+able-adj.这种形容词意为“具有特点的valuable (有价值的)reasonable (有道理的) comfortable (舒适的)。