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1、精品_精品资料_一般进行完成doamhavedoesis aredoingdonehaswasI.讲解时态是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式.常用的时态有：一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时.形式时间现在过去diddoinghaddonewereshallshall将来dowillbedoinghave donewillwillShould过去将来dowouldbedoingwould一一般现在时1. 通常表示现阶段常常发生的动作、存在状态或常常的习惯性的动作.常与often, usually, always
2、, sometimes, today, every five minutes, on Sundays 等时间状语连用.The old mangoto park every morning.2. 表示永恒的真理以及客观事实.The earthgo round the sun.3. 表示按规定或方案要发生的动作.The trainstart at seven in the morning.4. 在时间和条件状语从句中代替一般将来时.Ill go with you, if you be free tomorrow.二一般过去时1. 一般过去时表示过去某一时间发生的动作或情形.常与表示过去的时间状语a
3、go, yesterday , last week, in the old days ,when I was five years old, in 1995等连用.Theybeginto work two months ago. 2一般过去时多和表示过去了的时间状语连用.但是有时候句子并没有过去的时间状语,这时就要通过语境、说话人的口气来判定.Inot expect you were waiting for us.3used to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事” ,暗含“现在不做了”之意.be used to do sth. 意为“被用于做某事” , 不定式表示目的,可用于多种时态.b
4、e used to doing sth. 习惯做某事.He used toget up early .He will be used toget up early . Wood is used tomake paper.三一般将来时1、表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用的时间状语有lateron, soon, in a month, next time, from now on, tomorrow 等.Ibe eighteen years old next year.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Henot go to the airport to meet her thi
5、s afternoon. 2、一般将来时的其它表示形式1一般现在时表将来依据方案或时刻表要发生的事情.The new libraryopen next month. The planetake off at 3:00 P.m.在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中用一般现在时表将来.If you leave tomorrow , Ill see you at the airport. When she come, I ll tell her about it.2现在进行时表将来现在进行时表示将来,往往是指方案好或预备要做的事.一些表示动作转换的终止性动词,如go, come, leave, start
6、, begin, stay, take off , arrive 等,或者也称为位移性动词,其进行时表示立刻要做某事.Itake the kids to the zoo this Sunday. He leave school in one year s time.3be to do sth 结构表示方案中商定的或按职责、义务和要求必需去做的事或即将发生的动作.The presidentvisit Japan in May. Iget married next year. 4be about to do. 结构表示“刚要做某事,立刻要做某事,刚要做某事”,强调动作即将发生不跟表将来的时间状语连
7、用 .We are about todiscuss this problem.They were about toleave when the telephone rang. 3、will 和 be going to 的区分. 1will 多表示带意愿颜色的将来或客观上将来要发生的事,也可表示暂时做出打算将要做的事.Istay with you and help you. You have left the light on. Oh, so I have. Igo and turn it off. 2be going to 常用于口语中,主要用来表示将发生的动作或存在的状态、准备或预备要做的事
8、或依据某种迹象判定可能将要发生的事.Therebe an English film this evening.Look at those clouds. Itrain.看那些乌云,要下雨了.四现在完成时1、表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果.常与 already, ever, never, just ,yet 等副词连用.Ijustfinish my homework.2、表示从过去某时刻开头,连续到现在的动作或情形,并且有可能会连续连续下去,此时常常用连续性动词.时间状语常用 since 加一个过去的时间点,或for 加一段时间,或加一个现在时间.Iknow him fo
9、r three years.Helive here since 1995. 他自 1995 年以来就住在这儿.【留意】 1由于含有 for 加一段时间或 since 加一时间点这样的时间状语的完成时,有连续性的特点,所以不能使用瞬时动词.My sistermarry for 5 years. My sister marry. Dont disturb her. 2在 This/That/It is the first/second/third/.time that.句型里,从句要用现在完成时.This is the second time that the products of our co
10、mpanyshow in the International Exhibition. 3句型 It is/has been.since.所使用的两种时态都正确.Itbe 10 years since I last saw him.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_五过去完成时1、过去完成时是一个相对时态,表示过去的过去,只有在两个过去发生的动作相比较时才可显示出来.When we got to the station, the trainleave.2、过去完成时表示截止到过去某一时间已经完成的动作.By the end of last month, wereview four
11、books.3、表示思维的动词用过去完成时,意为“原本 但事与愿违 ”.Ithink that he would win.Webelieve that he could tell the truth.六现在进行时1、现在进行时表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作.Listen, someonecry.Whatyoudo these days.2、有时, 现在进行时也与 always 等副词连用, 表示反复显现的习惯性动作,用以表达说话人颂扬、 厌恶等心情.Healwaysask the same question. 厌烦3、动词 go, come, leave, arrive, start, be
12、gin, end 等表将要发生的动作时也用现在进行时.Theyleave for Shanghai.4、状态动词 be, have, belong to, remember, know, love, like, prefer, remember, forget, hope, wish, want, see, hear, find, feel 等一般不用于进行时. youknow where he is.七过去进行时1、表示在过去某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在发生的动作.Ido my homework at this time yesterday.2、假如 when, while 这样的时间状语引
13、导词所引导的主从句之一是一般过去时,就另一个句子常用过去进行时.Iwash my hair when you knocked at the door.你敲门的时候我正在洗头发.【辨析】 现在完成时与一般过去时现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带,它强调过去的动作对现在的影响.一般过去时只表示过去的某个详细时间里发生的动作,与现在没有联系.试比较：Hework in that hospital for 8 years.表示他从过去开头工作,始终工作到现在,可能现在仍在那家医院工作. Hework in that hospital for 8 years.这只是叙述一个过去的事实,表示他现在已经不在那
14、家医院了. youhave your lunch.Whatyouhave for lunch.Ithe Great Wall, and Ithere last summer.我去过长城,我去年夏天去的.II 稳固练习1. Herethe bus.A. is comingB. comesC.has comeD. has been coming2. It s the third time Ihim this month.A. had seenB. seeC. sawD. have seen3. If you go to the western suburbs of the city, youa l
15、ot of new buildings.A. will seeB. have seenC. seeD. are going to see4. I have bought an English -Chinese dictionary. When and whereyouit.A. do buyB. did buyC. have boughtD. had bought5. She showed him the photo shethe day before.A. has takenB. tookC. was takingD. had taken可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_6.
16、While Tom, his sister is writing.A. readsB. has readC. has been readingD. is reading7. By the time he was ten, Edisonexperiments in chemistry.A. had already doneB. already had doneC. was already doingD. already did8. I don t know if itor not tomorrow.A. will snowB. snowsC. has snowedD. is snowing9.
17、He was sixty-eight. In two years heseventy.A. was going to beB. would beC. had beenD. will be10. Tomfor more than a week.A. has leftB. has gone awayC. went awayD. has been away11. He said that honestythe key to success.A. wasB. will beC. isD. is being12. Joan has gone to London this morning. Shether
18、e till next Monday.A. will have stayedB. has stayedC. is stayingD. has been staying13. Weeach other since I left Shanghai.A. haven t seenB. hadn t seenC. didn t seeD. wouldn t see14. I ll return the book to the libraryas soon as Iit.A. will finishB. am going to finishC. finishedD. have finished15. S
19、he has bought some cloth; sheherself a dress.A. makesB. is going to makeC. would makeD. has made16. Don t go and bother him. Hein the room.A. writesB. has writtenC. is writingD. has been writing17. The reason why prices, and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily
20、explain this problem.A. wereB. will beC. have beenD. had been18. Maryreally hard on his book and thinks he ll have finished it by Friday.A. workedB. has been workingC. had workedD. has worked19. She told me that her fatherto the post office when I arrivedA. just wentB. has just goneC. had just goneD
21、. had just been going20. Don t get off until the bus.A. stoppedB. will stopC. will have stoppedD. stops21. He must have sensed that Ihim. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, Why are you staring at me like that.A. would look atB. looked atC. was looking atD. am looking at22. Hewith us since h
22、e returned last month.A. livesB. livedC. had livedD. has lived23. Theyto help but could not get here in time.A. had wantedB. have wantedC. was wantingD. want24. They will go to work in the countryside when theyschool next year.A. will leaveB. will have leaveC. are leavingD. leave25. I didn t know wh
23、en theyagain.A. cameB. were comingC. had comeD. had been coming26. Just as I got to the school gate, I realized Imy book in the cafe.A. have leftB. had leftC. would leaveD. was leaving27. Theyhere for more than a month.A. have arrivedB. have reachedC. have comeD. have been28. Wea meeting from 2 to 4
24、 yesterday afternoon.A. had hadB. would haveC. were havingD. had29. She told us she had met you in London last year.youher since.A. Had; metB. Did; seeC. Would; meetD. Have; seen30. It is reported that a space stationon the moon in years to come.A. will be buildingB. will be builtC. has been buildin
25、gD. has been built可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_31. Is Peter coming. No, hehis mind after a phone call at the last minute.A. ChangesB. changedC. was changingD. had changed32. ITom has made a mistake.A. am thinkingB. shall thinkC. thinkD. have been thinking33. Iwriting the article now.A. finishB. is finish
26、ingC. finishedD. have finished34. Whenyouto study English.A. have; begunB. did; beginC. had; begunD. do; begin35. He was taken into hospital last week. In fact heill for three months.A. has beenB. has gotC. had fallenD. had beenIII 完形提升When I settled in Chicago, my new city seemed so big and unfrien
27、dly. Then I had alproblem and had to go to hospital for a2examination.It seemed a small3compared to the one I was about to face, but things started to go4right from the beginning. Not having a car or5the city, I was depending on a couple of buses to get me from A to B.6Id left myself plenty of time,
28、 soon it was7I was going to be late, as I had mistakenly boarded a bus that was taking me in the8direction.I9the bus and stood on the pavement not knowing what to do.I look into the eyes of al 0, who was trying to get past me.L1, instead of moving on, she stopped to ask if I wasl2.After I explained
29、myl3to her, she pointed to a bus stop across the street, where a bus would take me back into the city to myl4. Sitting there waiting, I feltl5that someone had been willing to help.16, hearing a horn nearby, I looked up to see a car with my new friend17at me to get in. She had returned to offer me a1
30、8to the hospital.Such unexpected19from a passer-by was a lovely gift to receive. As I climbed out of the car at the hospital and turned to thank her, she smiled and told me not to lose20, for all things are possible.1. A. physicalB. travelingC. socialD. housing2. A. scientificB. finalC. previousD. t
31、horough3. A. chanceB. challengeC. successD. error4. A. wrongB. easyC. fastD. ahead5. A. leavingB. visitingC. knowingD. appreciating6. A. AlthoughB. SinceC. UnlessD. Once7. A strangeB. necessaryC. obviousD. important8. A. sameB. rightC. generalD. opposite9. A. looked atB. waited forC. got offD. ran i
32、nto10. A driverB. friendC. strangerD. gentleman11. A. EspeciallyB. SurprisinglyC. ProbablyD. Normally12. A. nervousB. excitedC. OKD. dangerous13. A. ideaB. motivationC. excuseD. situation14. A. appointmentB. apartmentC. directionD. station15. A. afraidB. gratefulC. certainD. disappointed16. A. ThusB
33、. ThenC. PerhapsD. Surely17. A staringB. laughing.C. wavingD. shouting18. A. liftB. suggestionC. bikeD. guidebook19. A. resultsB. newsC. kindnessD. appearance20. A. powerB. faithC. touchD. supportIV. 阅读懂得AA normal conversation between strangers involves more than talk. It also involves thedynamics o
34、f space interaction. Ifone person gets too close, the other person will back up.If the first person invades the other s space again, the othe willback up again. The person who finds himself backing up is trying to increase the distance of the comfort zone. The可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_person closing i
35、n is trying to decrease that distance. Most likely neither person is fully aware of what is going on.In the 1960s, American anthropologist Edward T. Hall was a pioneer in the study of human behavioral use of space. His field of study became known as proxemics 空间关系学 . Hall said that personal space fo
36、r people in the United States can be defined as having four distinct zones： the intimate zone within 18 inches of your body, for whispering and embracing; the personal zone of 18 inches to four feet, for talking with close friends; the social zone of four to 10 feet, for conversing with acquaintance
37、; and the public zone of 10 to 25 feet, for interaction with strangers or talking to a group.Historians say that our standards of personal space began with the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century. In cities such as London and New York, people of different social and economic classes were sudde
38、nly crammed together, so they unconsciously developed a commonly understood code of politeness to restrict the space around them.People exhibit nonverbal messages of discomfort when their zones are violated. Invaded people might tap their toes, pullat their hair, and they might become completely rig
39、id,or even become angry. As Hall noted in his landmark work,a comfortable conversation needs to include the parameters 标准 of human personal space. 302 words21. This passage is mostly about.A. what nonverbal communicationB. human conversationC. the life of Edward T. HallD. human behavioral use of spa
40、ce22. Edward T. Hall defined.A. interactions between strangersB. angry peopleC. four zones of personal spaceD. the Industrial Revolution23. If you and a close friend began talking when you were eight feet apart, you would probably soon .A. move closer togetherB. move farther apartC. begin talking mo
41、re softlyD. ask another friend to join in the conversation24. The worddyn“amics ” means“ ” .A. difficultiesB. forces or influences that cause changeC. largenessD. explosions so large that they are beyond beliefBOn October 12, 1989, some British scientists were working at the computers to look for th
42、e information they needed.Suddenly they saw a lot of very brightpoints crossing the computersscreens. At the same time the computers were working much slower. To find out what was happening they stopped their work to check some parts of the computers. Totheir horror 恐惧 , they found out that most of
43、their stored information was got rid of by computer viruses 病毒 . Clearly all these computers had been infected 感染 by computer viruses.It is said that the computer viruses were made by a group of young men fond of playing tricks. They all had excellent education. They created the viruses just to show
44、 their intelligence 才能 .These kinds of computer viruses are named Jerusalem Viruses. These viruses can stay in computers for a long time. When the time comes they will attack 突击 the computers by lowering the functions 功能 , damaging their normal programs or even getting rid of all the information.We
45、now come to know that Jerusalem Viruses often attack computers on Friday and that they are spreading 传播 to alot of computers. Among the countries that were attacked by computer viruses last year are Britain, Australia, Switzerland and the U.S. But till now, how to get rid of the terrible viruses remains a problem.1. When the viruses attack the computers, the computers will work.A. normallyB. s