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1、精品_精品资料_专项：情态动词一 考点： 情态动词的用法和辨析, 情态动词表示估计和可能, 由情态动词引导的一般疑问句的回答.二 类型：1 只是情态动词： can, could, may, might, must2 可做情态动词,可做实义动词：need, dare3 可做情态动词,可做助动词：will, would, shall, should4 特别： have to, ought to, used to三 特点：1 有肯定的词义,但不能单独作谓语,必需与行为动词和系动词连用构成谓语.2 无人称和数的变化.（haveto 除外）Eg: He has to stay here.3 后接动词原形
2、.4 具有助动词作用,可构成否定,疑问或简短回答.四 用法：1. can 表示才能, “能,会 ”.Eg : Can you play basketball. 表示怀疑,推测,常用于否定句或疑问句.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Eg :Li hua canbeintthe classroom.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_ 表示恳求,答应,多用于口语,译 “可以”=may.Eg: you can go now.can 开头的疑问句,确定句,否定句用can或 can t.2. couldcan 的过去式,表示过去的才能.Eg :I could swim whe
3、n I was seven years old.could 开头的疑问句,确定和否定回答用could, couldn t 假如 could表示现在的委婉,用 can 回答.Eg: Could I have a drink. Yes, you can.3. may 表示估计, “可能,或许 ”,用于确定句.Eg: He may come tomorrow. 表示恳求, “许可,可以”.Eg: May I borrow your book.注：表示恳求,许可时,主语为第一人称的一般疑问句,否定回可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_答用 mustnt不“可以,禁止,不许 ”不,用 may
4、 not “可能不 ”.表示希望. Eg :May you success.4. might 表示 “可以”,用于过去时中.Eg: He told me I might smoke in the room.用于现在时,表示说话更委婉,礼貌.Eg:He might be doing his lessons now.5. must 表示 “必需,应当 ”.表示估计,常用在确定句中,表 “肯定”.Eg:There is someone knocking at the door.It must be Jim.否定句中, mustnt 表示禁止,“不答应”.以 must 开头的疑问句, 确定句回答用 m
5、ust,否定回答用 neednt , 表示 “不需要,不必” =“ dont have to”.表示“偏偏”.Eg: Must you play the piano at this time.6. need 情态动词： +do,用 need 提问或回答,确定句回答用 must ,否定句回答用 neednt. Eg: You neednt come to school so early.实义动词： +to do ,用助动词提问和否定.+doing 表示被动.neednt have done 表示没必要做某事但是做了. Eg: I actually neednt have bought so mu
6、ch wine.7. dare 情态动词,多用于疑问句,否定句,条件句中.Eg: I mafraid you dare not to do such a thing.注： I dare say 习惯说成“或许,我想” .Eg: It will rain this afternoon, I dare say.实义动词： dare to do ,用于确定句中, 当用于否定句或疑问句时, to 可以省略. Eg: This student doesntdare to raise any question in class.8. shall用于第一人称表示征求看法,询问.Eg: Shall I ope
7、n the window. Shall we have lunch here.表示说话人的态度, “命令,警告,承诺,威逼” .Eg: You shall finish your homework first.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_用于第三人称, 在条约, 规定,法令等文件中表示义务或规定, “应当,必需”.（不常用）9. should表示义务,责任“应当” .Eg:We should obey traffic laws.作为 shall 过去式,用于第一三人称,表示征求看法.Eg:Mr lee asked if he should get his visa.表示“竟
8、然”.Eg: It s unthinkable that the boy should sing such a beautiful song.表示说话人的特别情感,如诧异,愤慨,扫兴等.Eg: How should I know.表示劝说,建议,“应当”.Eg: You should listen to your teacher.10. will 用于其次人称表示询问, 恳求,也可以表达现在的 “意愿”.Eg: Will you pass me the book.表示意愿,打算,承诺,用于各种人称.Eg: I will try my best to help you.表示规律性的“注定会” .
9、Eg: People will die without air or water.11. would 表示过去的意愿或委婉询问.Eg: Would you tell me the way to the station.12. have to“必需,不得不” ,强调客观需要,含有时态的变化.Eg: I ll have to ask Jim instead.区分： must 表示“必需,应当“,主观看法.13. oughtto 表示职责, 义务或要求, 及人们应当去做的正确的事或好事. Eg: Humans ought to stop polluting nature.比 should 语气强,
10、ought to 反映客观情形, should 表示主观看法. ought to have done 本应当做而没有做.Eg: You are late. You ought to have arrived five minutes earlier.14. used to表示“过去经常,过去是“,没有人称和数的变化,可以和过去的可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_时间状语连用.否定形式： usedntto 或 didntuse to 疑, use提前或 Did use to.Eg: He didnt use to be so care
11、less.问词将可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_区分 would :带有主观性,并且现在做不做不知道. Used to :客观性,和现在进行对比,过去经常,现在就不怎么做了.Eg: He would phone me on Sunday.Eg: I used to be very fond of music when I was young.区分： be used to doing （情态动词）习惯于 Used to do （情态动词）过去是,过去经常Be used to do 过 去式 被用来做 Eg: I am already used to noisy city life
12、 here.My parents used to live in South America. This machine is used to cut up waste paper.15. 其他： had better do 最好做某事 Eg: You had better stay at home.否定： had better not do be able to 与 can 表示才能时用法相同,但前者有时态的变化,有才能胜利做某事.Eg: We will be able to come back next week.专题练习 ：1 1 Johncome to see us tonight,
13、but he isnt very sure yet.A. may B. can C. has to D. must 2 Theydo well in the exam.A. can be able to B. be able to C. can able to D. are able to 3 -May I take this book out.-No, you.A. cant B. may not C. neednt D. aren t 4 Yougo and see a doctor at once because youre got a fever.A. can B. must C. d
14、are D. would 5 -Can you speak Japanese.-No, I.A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. may not可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_2 1 -Hebe in the classroom, I think.-No, hebe in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago.A. can; may not B. must; may not C. may; cant D. may; mustn t 2 -Shall I get one more cake for yo
15、u, Dad.-Thanks, but you, Ive had enough. A. may not B. must not C. cant D. needn t 3 Even the top students in our class cant work out this problem, so itbe verydifficult.A. may B. must C. can D. need 4 He isnt at school. I think hebe ill.A. can B. shall C. must D. has to 5I take this one.A. May B. W
16、ill C. AreD. Do3 1 The childrenplay football on the road.A. cant B. can C. mustnt D. must 2 Yoube late for school again next time.A. mustnt B. neednt C. dont have to D. dont need to 3 -Must I do my homework at once.-No, you.A. neednt B. mustnt C. cant D. may not4 1 His arm is all right. Hego and see
17、 the doctor.A. has not to B. dont have toC. havent to D. doesnt have to 2 He had to give up the plan,he. A. did B. didnt C. does D. doesnt 3 They had to walk here,they. A. mustnt B. did C. didnt D. hadnt 5 1 He had better stay here,he. A. didnt B. dont C. hadnt D. isnt 2 Youd betterlate next time. A
18、. not to be B. not be C. wont be D. dont be 3 Youd betteryour haironce a month.A. had; cut B. had; cuttedC. have; cut D. have; cutted 4 Youask that man over there. Maybe he knows the way.A. had better not to B. had not better C. had better D. had better not 6 1 -Shall we go and visit the History Mus
19、eum next Sunday.A. Here you are B. Sorry, I cant C. Yes, please D. Let me try 2 -Why dont you ask Mike to go with us.-Thanks,.A. I will B. I wont C. lean D. I may 3 -I take the newspaper away.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_-No, you mustnt. Youread it only here.A. Must; can B. May; can C. Need; must D. Must
20、; must7 1 Excuse me.you please pass me that cup.A. Do B. Should C. Would D. Must 2you like to have another try.A. Could B. Will C. Would D. Do 3 -Would you like to go boating with us.-Yes,.A. Id like B. I want C. Id like to D. I do8 1 Youworry about your son. He will get well soon.A. neednt B. cant C. mustnt D. have to 2 The poor man needs our help,he.A. need B. neednt C. does D. doesnt 3 -Must we do our homework first.-No, you. You may have a rest first.A. mustnt B. neednt C. may not D. cant可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载