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1、备战2022高考英语语法填空热点话题+体裁分类训练 (高考模拟+名校真题)高考语法填空热点话题综合强化训练18(2022陕西西安三模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Wang Yaping has become the first Chinese woman to perform a spacewalk. Wangs dream of becoming an astronaut (inspire) by Yang Liweis 2003 space flight. In 1997, Wang was encouraged 2(register) for the
2、pilot recruitment (征募)programby her classmates. Given her strong build and ability to stay calm under pressure, Wang passed all tests.In 2010, Wang became an astronaut. However, the joy of 3 (pick) did not last long as soon the cruel training began. In the first year, Wang could not reach the top le
3、vel in the high-G training, during 4 she had to stand eight times the force of gravity. Wang improved her 5 (perform) by doing extra core-strength exercises every day. At last Wang realized her space dream in 2013 as part of the Shenzhou-10 mission.During her mission, Wang taught Chinas first live p
4、hysics lesson from space. In 2020,team of Chinese university students specializing in aerospace, art, architecture6 music translated cosmic (宇宙的)rays into music. They said they had watchedWangs live space lecture when they were teenagers.During the next few months, Wang and her teammates will carry
5、8 scientific experiments and do spacewalks. Wang is 9 (confidence) that they will complete this mission 10(smooth).19. 考查定语从句。句意:这条铁路将穿过被称为“世界屋脊的帕米尔高原,全长1000公里。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the Pamir Mountains,指物,从句中缺少主语,故用关 系代词which引导。故填whicho考查副词。句意:建设这样一条铁路无疑是一项技术挑战。此处修饰动词be应用副词 undoubtedly,作状语。故填 undoubtedly。
6、20. to wintheir21. officiallypunishment# punishments22. surprisinginformed23. thewhose24. was selectedfor【解析】【导语】本文属于新闻报道。主要报道了由于俄罗斯运动员服用兴奋剂,切阳什姐递补获得了 2012 年伦敦奥运会20公里竞走金牌的情况。文章还报道了切阳什姐的个人情况和其获得递补金 牌的感受。21. 考查不定式作定语。句意:10年前,在2012年伦敦奥运会女子20公里竞走比赛中获得铜 牌后,切阳什姐获得了成为首位获得奥运奖牌的藏族运动员的荣誉。根据被修饰词前面的 “the first”
7、可知应用动词不定式作定语。故填to win。22. 考查代词。句意:在三名俄罗斯运动员因服用兴奋剂而被推翻成绩后,她现在准备将这枚奖 牌变成金牌。根据该词后是名词,可知应该用形容词性物主代词修饰空格后的名词。故填their。23.考查副词。句意:国际奥委会在2020年6月正式改变了基于处罚的结果,将切阳什姐提升 为银牌得主,她的队友刘红排名第三,吕秀芝排名第四。分析句子可知,空格处应填副词修 饰动词 changedo 故填 officially。24. 考查名词。国际奥委会在2020年6月正式改变了基于处罚的结果,将切阳什姐提升为银牌 得主,她的队友刘红排名第三,吕秀芝排名第四。句意:根据“o
8、n the可知此处应该用名 词。punish的名词是punishment,该词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词,故填punishment 或 punishments o25. 考查形容词。句意:在听到消息后,切阳什姐认为这是一个令人惊讶的消息,她在新浪微博 上表达了复杂的感受。根据该词后面的名词news可知,空格处应填入形容词,表示“使人感 到惊讶的”。故填surprising。26. 考查过去分词作状语。句意:当得知我以这种方式赢得奥运会冠军时,我既高兴又难过。” 她说。分析句子可知,空格处应填入非谓语动词。根据“inform”和后面句子主语之间是动宾 关系,可知应该用过去分词作时间状语。故填
9、informed。27. 考查冠词。句意:但同时我也很难过,因为我无法获得冠军的感觉。at the same time”为固 定短语,表示“同时”。故填the。28. 考查关系代词。句意:出生地青海省海北藏族自治州的切阳什姐在20岁时被选为国家竞走 队队员。分析句子可知,空格处应填入关系词引导定语非限定性定语从句。根据先行词在定 语从句中作“birthplace”的定语可知应填入关系代词whoseo故填whoseo29. 考查被动语态。句意:出生地青海省海北藏族自治州的切阳什姐在20岁时被选为国家竞走 队队员。分析句子可知,空格处应填入谓语动词。根据句中的时间状语“when she was 2
10、0 years old可知,谓语动词用一般过去时态。又因select与其主语之间是动宾关系,所以用被动语 态。故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was selected。30. 考查介词。句意:她目前正在意大利训练,准备参加今年7月的世界锦标赛和9月的亚运会。分析句子可知,空格处应填入介词。根据句子意思此处表示“为了”可知应填for。故填for。31. accountinghas grown32. greaterand33. . agriculturalof34. activitiessignificantly35. theto access【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。中国农村网民占全部网民数
11、量的30%。网络在中国脱贫过程中起了很大 的作用,一方面农产品网络直播越来越流行,另一方面网络给农村人民提供了很多关于工作, 社会安全和医疗相关信息。31. 考查非谓语动词。句意:根据最近一份关于中国互联网发展的报告,截至6月,中国约有 2.85亿农村网民,占全国网民总数的30%以上。本句谓语动词是had, account是非谓语动 词做状语,与其逻辑主语285 million Internet users living in rural areas是主动关系。故填 accounting o32. 考查时态。句意:在过去的几个月里,中国农村互联网用户数量增长了 3000多万。根据时 间状语in
12、 the last few months在过去的几个月中可知,此空填现在完成时。“The number of. (的数量)做主语时,谓语动词用单数。故填has grown。33. 考查形容词比较级。句意:报告称,随着公众对相关活动的参与和认可度不断提高,互联网 在该国脱贫工作中发挥的作用比以往任何时候都大。great是形容词,在此处修饰role;因空 后有比较级标志词than,故填greater。34.考查连词。句意:报告称,随着公众对相关活动的参与和认可度不断提高,互联网在该国脱 贫工作中发挥的作用比以往任何时候都大。句中“participation (参与广和“recognition (认
13、可)” 是并列关系,指公众对相关活动的参与和认可。故填and。35. 考查形容词。句意:截至6月,偏远地区农产品的在线促销已触达一半以上的中国网民,超 过三分之一的网民通过在线平台购买了此类产品。句中agriculture修饰名词products (产品)”, 应用其形容词形式。故填agricultural。36. 考查介词。句意:截至6月,偏远地区农产品的在线促销已触达一半以上的中国网民,超过 三分之一的网民通过在线平台购买了此类产品。根据句意“三分之一的网民”可知,此处应用 介词of表示“三分之一的工 故填of。37. 考查名词。句意:在此期间,中国的直播营销活动超过1000万次。acti
14、vity是单数可数名词, 因前面用“10 million (1000万)”修饰,所以应用名词复数。故填activitieso38. 考查副词。句意:报告称,互联网可以为穷人提供就业、社会保障和医疗服务信息,并让贫 困地区的儿童获得更好的教育,从而为中国的扶贫目标做出重大贡献。significant在句中修 饰动词contribute,副词修饰动词,因此用副词形式。故填signi行cantly。39. 考查冠词。句意:报告称,互联网可以为穷人提供就业、社会保障和医疗服务信息,并让贫 困地区的儿童获得更好的教育,从而为中国的扶贫目标做出重大贡献。根据句意可知,此处 表示“为穷人提供医疗信息因the
15、 + adj.”表示一类人,止匕处“the p。尸表示穷人。故填the。40. 考查非谓语动词。句意:报告称,互联网可以为穷人提供就业、社会保障和医疗服务信息, 并让贫困地区的儿童获得更好的教育,从而为中国的扶贫目标做出重大贡献。句中谓语动词 是contribute, access是非谓语动词做宾补。固定短语allow sb. to do sth.意为“允许某人做某 事”,故填 to access。41. unforgettable. the42. measuringto be broadcast#to broadcast43. . wherelisteners44. beforeopenin
16、g45. has been usedwith【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了 2022年3月15日,在工程师们在法国最具标志性的埃菲 尔铁塔的顶端吊起了一个新的通信天线之后,埃菲尔铁塔当天又长高了 6米。这个新天线将 提高巴黎数字无线电覆盖的质量。41. 考查形容词。句意:2022年3月15 0,对埃菲尔铁塔来说是一个难忘的日子,埃菲尔铁塔 一直在广播和电视的重大创新中发挥着重要作用。修饰后文名词date应用形容词 unforgettable (难忘的),作定语。故填 unforgettable。42. 考查冠词。句意:在工程师们在法国最具标志性的埃菲尔铁塔的顶端吊起了一个新的通
17、信天 线之后,埃菲尔铁塔当天又长高了 6米。结合句意表示“在 顶端”短语为at the very top of。 故填theo43. 考查非谓语动词。句意:埃菲尔铁塔由古斯塔夫埃菲尔于19世纪末建造,在直升机将DAB+ 天线空运到塔顶后,塔高330米。measure是系动词,意思是“有尺寸量起来其体积(面 积、长度、数额等)为.”,此时它是不能用被动语态的,分析句子结构可知measure在 句中应用非谓语动词形式,故用现在分词作状语。故填measuring。44. 考查非谓语动词。句意:它允许13台收音机以相同的频率广播,不像FM波段,每个收音 机都有自己的频率。此处为allowto do s
18、th.,此处可直接用动词不定式的主动式,此处也 可理解为与radios构成被动,用动词不定式的被动形式,故填to be broadcast/to broadcasto 45.考查定语从句。句意:它允许13台收音机以相同的频率广播,不像FM波段,每个收音机 都有自己的频率。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the FM band,先行词在从句中作地点状语, 故用关系副词whereo故填whereo46.考查名词。句意:此外,由于一个专用的DAB+接收器捕捉到强大的信号,听众享受到优秀 的音质。作主语,表示“听众”应用listener,前文没有冠词,用名词复数形式。故填listeners。 47.考查介词
19、。句意:埃菲尔铁塔于1889年竣工,在以其创建者的名字命名之前,它被称为“300 米塔二 后跟动名词作宾语,表示“在之前”应用before。故填before。48. 考查固定短语。句意:但是,在3月31日的开幕式上,埃菲尔铁塔的顶端插上了悬挂法国 国旗的巨大旗杆,使其高度达到312米。此处为短语opening ceremony表示“开幕式”。故填 opening o49. 考查时态语态。句意:埃菲尔铁塔用于广播传输已有100多年的历史,随着老化的天线被更 换,铁塔尖顶的高度几经改变。主语The Eiffel Tower与谓语动词use构成被动关系,根据 后文for more than 100
20、years可知为现在完成时的被动语态,主语为The Eiffel Tower,助动 词用 haso 故填 has been usedo50. 考查介词。句意:埃菲尔铁塔用于广播传输已有100多年的历史,随着老化的天线被更换, 铁塔尖顶的高度几经改变。with复合结构,表伴随,应用介词with。故填with。51. discoveredthat#which52. uniquelythe53. creativitywhat54. wisdomhas been referred55. Locateddating【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了最近几个月,在中国西南部四川省三星堆遗址的最新
21、发现。 51.考查非谓语动词。句意:据四川省文物局介绍,在6个新的祭祀坑中发现的文物包括金面具、 玉器、象牙制品和青铜器,这些文物制作精美,造型独特。分析句子结构可知discover在句 中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语The relics构成被动关系,故用过去分词作定语。故填 discovered o考查定语从句。句意:据四川省文物局介绍,在6个新的祭祀坑中发现的文物包括金面具、 玉器、象牙制品和青铜器,这些文物制作精美,造型独特。此处引导限制性定语从句修饰先 行词 golden masks, jade and ivory artifacts and bronze wares,先行词在从句中
22、用作主语,指代 事物,故关系代词that或which引导从句。故填that/whicho考查副词。句意:据四川省文物局介绍,在6个新的祭祀坑中发现的文物包括金面具、玉器、 象牙制品和青铜器,这些文物制作精美,造型独特。修饰动词shaped应用副词。故填uniquelyo 54.考查冠词。句意:自去年10月3号至8号祭坑开始挖掘以来,这一新发现使三星堆出土文 物总数达到近2000件。结合句意表示总数”短语为the total number of。故填the。55. 考查名词。句意:四川省文物考古研究所所长Tang Fei表示:“这些新发现再次证明,中国 古人的想象力和创造力远远超过了今天人们的预
23、期。”作从句的主语,表示“创造力”应用名 词 creativity,不可数。故填 creativityo56. 考查名词性从句。句意:四川省文物考古研究所所长Tang Fei表示:“这些新发现再次证明, 中国古人的想象力和创造力远远超过了今天人们的预期。引导宾语从句,连接代词what 引导从句,在从句中作宾语,意为“的事: 故填what。57. 考查名词。句意:唐补充说,新坑的挖掘进入了一个关键阶段,有更多的物品尚未出土,预 计将挑战考古学家的传统智慧。作宾语,表示“智慧”应用名词wisdom。故填wisdom。58. 考查时态语态。句意:自20世纪20年代末以来,三星堆遗址一直被认为是20世
24、纪世界上 最伟大的考古发现之一。主语与谓语构成被动关系,根据上文Since the late 1920s可知为现 在完成时的被动语态,助动词用haso故填has been referredo59. 考查非谓语动词。句意:该遗址位于距离省会成都60公里的广汉市,占地12平方公里,被 认为是蜀王国的遗迹,可以追溯到4500到3000年前。短语be located in,此处省略be动词,用过去分词作状语。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Located。60. 考查非谓语动词。句意:该遗址位于距离省会成都60公里的广汉市,占地12平方公里,被 认为是蜀王国的遗迹,可以追溯到4500到3000年前。分析可知
25、,此处为非谓语,动词短语 date back追溯”和主语之间是主动关系,故用其现在分词作状语。故填dating。61. whether/ifparticipants62. recommendedthose63. advisedSeparately64. to contactbut65. While#Though#Althoughon【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一份调查研究结果,中国的孩子睡眠不足。文章还指出 教育部建议孩子早点入睡,也提出有些孩子只是在模仿父母晚睡。61. 考查宾语从句。句意:教育部基础教育司司长吕玉刚表示,7714万家长接受了调查,以了解他们的孩子是否睡眠
26、充足。本句为宾语从句的连接词,根据句意可知,宾语从句不缺少成分,但是表示“是否”这个含义。故填whether/if。62. 考查名词的数。句意:共有76.2%的受访者表示,他们的孩子每晚的睡眠时间达到了小学生 建议的10小时,中学生建议的9小时。介词。f之后用名词形式,表示“受访者:根据前面 的A total of 76.2 percent oF可知,用名词的复数形式。故填participantso63. 考查形容词。句意:共有76.2%的受访者表示,他们的孩子每晚的睡眠时间达到了小学生建 议的10小时,中学生建议的9小时。修饰名词sleep time用形容词形式,意为“建议的。故 填 rec
27、ommended o64. 考查代词。句意:共有76.2%的受访者表示,他们的孩子每晚的睡眠时间达到了小学生建议 的10小时,中学生建议的9小时。空处代指上文的复数名词students,名词特指且有后置定 语,所以用代词those。故填those。65. 考查时态。句意:今年4月,教育部建议小学生应在晚上9点20分前睡觉,中学生应在晚 上10点前睡觉,高中生应在晚上11点前睡觉。根据时间状语“in April可知,时态为一般 过去时,和主语“the ministry”之间存在主动关系。故填advised。66. 考查副词。句意:他说,另外,99.8%的中小学已经发布规定,禁止学生带智能手机上课
28、, 并为学生在紧急情况下与父母联系提供了沟通渠道。用副词形式,在句中作状语。故填 separately o67. 考查非谓语动词。句意:他说,另外,99.8%的中小学已经发布规定,禁止学生带智能手机 上课,并为学生在紧急情况下与父母联系提供了沟通渠道。句中用不定式担当目的状语。故 填 to contact o68. 考查连词。句意:一些学生晚睡不是因为他们有沉重的学业负担,而是因为他们以父母为榜 样。根据上文的“not because”可知,空处填but。短语:noJ.but不是 而是 故填 buto 69.考查状语从句。句意:尽管几个月来已经采取了严厉措施,将学生每周玩网络游戏的时间限 制在
29、3小时,但学生可能会把时间浪费在短视频平台上,家长需要采取行动来防止这种情况。 前一句和后一句之间存在转折关系,表示“虽然工 故填While/Though/Although。70. 考查介词。句意:尽管几个月来已经采取了严厉措施,将学生每周玩网络游戏的时间限制在 3小时,但学生可能会把时间浪费在短视频平台上,家长需要采取行动来防止这种情况。短 语:waste time on sth.把时间浪费在上。故填on。71. ato create72. officiallywhen73. was beatentransforming74. ourto75. warningsbut【解析】【导语】本文是一
30、篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能的发展以及人们对人工智能的担忧。71. 考查冠词。句意:人工智能,也被称为机器智能,是计算机科学的一个分支,旨在创造智能 机器。名词branch为可数名词,泛指,表示“一个分支”,所以用不定冠词a。故填a。72. 考查非谓语动词。句意:人工智能,也被称为机器智能,是计算机科学的一个分支,旨在创 造智能机器。aim to do sth.旨在做某事。故填to create。73. 考查副词。句意:自人工智能领域于上世纪50年代中期正式成立以来,人们一直在预测智 能机器的崛起。修饰动词,用副词形式。故填officially。74.(2022.江西.兴国中学二模)阅读下
31、面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单 词的正确形式。By far, the most technologically challenging railway ever built was probably the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, 11 (complete) in 2006, connecting Xining to Lhasa. The railway was first planned in the 1950s, but the technical difficulties were too much 12 (overcome). It was not
32、until 198413 the first 814-kilometer section of the railway,from Xining to Golmud, was completed.The biggest issue was the permafrost 一 frozen earth. In the summer, in many places the top layer of the permafrost melts and 14 (turn) to mud, making the ground unstable. A 15 (various) of solutions were
33、 used to get around this. In some cases, railway bridges 16 (build). In other cases, pipes were installed under the ground to keep it frozen during the summer. Finally, in some areas it was 17 (possible) to build the railway over the permafrost, so engineers tunneled through it.It is hoped that the
34、experience of building the Qinghai-Tibet Railway can be used in18 new project, linking Kashi, China with Islamabad, Pakistan along the Karakoram Highway, the highest highway in the world. This railway will travel 1,000 kilometers through the Pamir Mountains, 19 are nicknamed the Roof of the World. B
35、uilding such a railway will be 20 (undoubted) a technical challenge. It has not yet been announced when construction on this project will start.(2022.山西.模拟预测)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的 正确形式。Ten years ago, Qieyang Shijie gained the honor of being the first Tibetan athlete21 (win) an Olympic medal af
36、ter claiming a bronze in the womens 20km race walking at the 2012 London Olympics. She is now ready to turn that medal into gold after three Russian athletes had 22(they) results overturned owing to doping (月艮兴奋齐心The Athletics Integrity Unit said on Monday that race walker Yelena Lashmanova had been
37、 stripped (录U 夺)of her Olympic gold medal for the event. In 2016, Olga Kaniskina, who won the silver medal, also had her results canceled because of doping.The International Olympic Committee 23 (official) changed the results based on the 24 (punish) in June 2020, elevating Qieyang Shijie to silver
38、medalist, and herfellow teammates Liu Hong to third place and Lyu Xiuzhi to fourth. Mondays placings still 考查定语从句。句意:直到1997年,深蓝打败了国际象棋世界冠军,人工智能才取得了重 大突破。句中先行词为1997,在非限定性定语从句中作时间状语,所以用关系副词when引 导。故填when。75. 考查时态和语态。句意:2017年,可以说是人类最优秀的围棋选手柯洁被名为AlphaG。的 计算机程序击败,标志着深度学习人工智能系统的重大进步。根据时间状语In 2017可知, 用一般过去
39、时。主语KeJie与beat之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填was beaten。76. 考查非谓语动词。句意:人工智能目前正被应用于许多领域,改变着我们的生活方式。句中 己有谓语动词,所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语AI与transform之间为主动关系,所以用 现在分词作状语。故填transforming。77. 考查代词。句意:虽然智能机器人在未来的某一天会对我们有利,但这些毋庸置疑的好处也 带来了担忧和恐惧。名词advantage前用形容词性物主代词。故填our。78. 考查介词。句意:我们会成为人工智能的受害者吗? fall victim to成为的牺牲品、受害 者。故填to。79
40、. 考查名词的数。句意:这样的警告值得我们注意。名词warning为可数名词,前无冠词,所 以用复数形式。故填warnings。80. 考查连词。句意:确实,让机器人为我们做所有的工作是不可思议的,但我们不应该太贪婪, 而应该小心我们的愿望。根据it is fantastic to allow a robot to do all the work for us,和we shouldnt be too greedy and rather be careful what we wish for.”可知,前后句之间为转折关系, 所以用转折连词but。故填but。need confirmation b
41、y the IOC and World Athletics.After hearing the news, Qieyang Shijie thought it was 25 (surprise) news and she expressed mixed feelings on her Sina Weibo microblog account. Its been 10 years. When 26 (inform) that Id won the Olympic championship this way, I was both happy and sad,“ she said. “I feel
42、 happy that I can become the champion in my heart. But I feel upset at 27 same time that I could not get the feeling of being a champion. I did not get the aura (气氛)of being an Olympic champion. Although the aura is temporary, I still want to have the aura of that moment. However, past is past.”Qiey
43、ang Shijie, 28 birthplace is Qinghai provinces Haibei Tibetan autonomous prefecture (地区),29 (select) to become a member of the national racewalking team when she was 20 years old. She is now training in Italy 30 thisyears World Championships in July and the Asian Games in September.(2021 .云南德宏傣族景颇族自
44、治州教育体育局教育科学研究所高三期末)阅读下面短 文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。As of June, China had about 285 million Internet users living in rural areas, 31 (account) for over 30 percent of the country 9s total, according to a recent report on Chinas Internet development. The number of rural Internet users in China 32 (gro
45、w) by over 30 million in the last few months.The report said the Internet is playing a 33 (great) role than ever in the countrys poverty reduction efforts, with the publics participation 34 recognition of relevant campaigns on the rise. It said as of June, online promotions of 35 (agriculture) produ
46、cts from remote areas had reached more than half of the Chinese Internet users, and that more than one third 36 netizens had bought such products via online platforms.Meanwhile, the report shows that e-commerce livestreaming (直播)grew increasingly active in the first half of the year. China saw over
47、10 million livestreaming marketing37 (activity) during this period. The report said the Internet can contribute38 (significant) to Chinas anti-poverty goal by providing jobs, social security andmedical service information for 39 poor and allowing children in poverty-stricken areas 40 (access) better
48、 education.(2022四川省绵阳南山中学高一期中)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(仅限 1词)或括号内单词的正确形式(不多于3个词)。March 15, 2022, marks a(n) 41 (forget) date for the Eiffel Tower, which has always played its part in major innovations in radio and television. The Eiffel Tower grew by six meters on that day after engineers hoisted a new communications antenna (通信天线)at42 very top of Frances most iconic landmark. The tower was built by Gustave Eiffel in the late 19th century, now 43 (measure) 330 meters in height after the DAB+ antenna was airlifted onto its peak by helicop