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1、高中英语高考英语名词知识点专项训练带答案单项选择题（精选试题名师出品）1 Yuan Longping devoted his life to the research and development of high-yielding rice, making outstanding contributions to Chinas food.A. lackB. cuisineC. securityD. purchase答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：袁隆平一生致力于高产水稻的研究和开发，为中国的粮食平安做出了杰出的贡献。A. lack缺乏;B. cuisine风味；A security平安
2、;D.purchase采购。由语意可知，袁隆平一生致力于研究高产、 平安的水稻。应选C项。2、The royal family has announced that the of the new baby is female.A. weightB. issueC. gender答案：c解析：考查名词。句意：皇室宣布新生儿的性别为女性。A.weight重量；B.issue问题；C.gender性别。根据空格后 “female可知，空格处指性别。应选C。3、 We have a lot of for the single mother, for she had to bring up the ch
3、ildren on her own.A. confidences. ambitionC. courageD. sympathy答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们很同情这个单亲妈妈，因为她必须单独抚养孩子。A. confidence信心；B.ambition 抱负；C. courage 勇气；D.sympathy 同情。 根据后文“for she had to bring up the children on her own（因为她必须单独抚养孩子）可知，此处表示我们同情她。应选D。4、Nowadays, food safety has become the of the governm
4、ent as well as the society.解析: 考查名词和非谓语。句意：拖延症往往会给人们成功追求目标的能力带来阻碍，这一点很明显，例如，拖延 症与学校成绩较差有关。A.a question . of pursuing问题；追求“B.an obstacle . to pursue”阻碍；追求C.a dilemma . to pursue困境;追求D.a hindrance . to pursuing阻碍；追求”。固定搭配 ones ability to do sth“某 人的做某事的能力，故排除选项A和D。在根据句意，拖延症是会阻碍成功的。应选B。31、 Although thr
5、ee teams adopted different to the problem, they all succeeded.A. methodsB. waysC. approachesD. means答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然三个小组对这个问题采取了不同的方法，但他们都成功了。A. methods方法;ways方式，方法；C.approaches方法；D.means方法。浏览选项可知，四个选项都有方法的意思，但根 据句中“to the problem可知，句中涉及固定短语an approach to sth.，意为“的方法,此时“to”为介词,而 “method”和 means
6、 不和介词“to 连用， a way to do sth.意为“做某事的方法”，但这个短语中“to 为不定式符 号，不是介词。应选C项。32、 Now, reduced energy supplies have led to more in the technology of new energy vehicles.A. advancesB. traditionsC. behaviorsD. examples答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，能源供应的减少导致了新能源汽车技术的更多进步。A. advances进步；B. traditions传统；C. behaviors行为；D. e
7、xamples例子。由语意可知,能源供应的减少导致了新能源汽车技术的 更多进步。应选A项。33、一 I have a sore throat today! Youd better take advantage of the tea break to go to.A. chemistsB. the chemistC. the chemistsD. the chemists/10答案：c 解析：考查所有格的省略及固定用法。句意：一一今天我喉咙好痛。一一你最好利用茶歇时间去一下药店。chemist 为药剂师,药师，在英语中,人们惯常用goto the chemists这一用法来表达去药店,这其实是一
8、个省略 结构,完整的结构是go to the chemists shop （去药师的店铺），省略时注意仅去掉shop,保存定冠词the且 chemist用单数（固定用法），综上此题选C。34、 All the indicate that he has been deeply involved in the crime.A. evidences. factC. factorD. cause答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：所有的证据都说明他和这起犯罪事件有很大的关系。A. evidence证据；B.fact事 实；C. factor 因素;D. cause 原因。由下文“indicate t
9、hat he has been deeply involved in the crime.”可知，证据表 明他和这起犯罪事件有很大的关系，所以此处表示证据，应用evidence,应选A。35、 More recently, the internationalization of financial markets, the spread of information by electronic media and other aspects of globalization have intensified the to “small languages.A. threatB. siteC.
10、rangeD. extinction答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：最近，金融市场的国际化、电子媒体的信息传播以及全球化的其他方面都加剧了 对小语言的威胁。A.threat威胁；B.site地点；遗址；C.range范围；D.extinction灭绝。根据句意可知,金 融市场的国际化、电子媒体的信息传播以及全球化会促进语言的统一，因此会威胁到小语言，导致其消失。应选Ao36 Working on this paper is my first step towards becoming a journalist, so this has been for me.A. a successB.
11、 succeedC. successD. is successful11答案：A 解析：考查名词。句意：写这篇论文是我成为记者的第一步，所以这对我来说是成功的。A:a success一件成功的事;B:succeed 成功;C:success 成功;D:is successful 是成功的;结合句意,this 指代上句Working on this paper is my first step towards becoming a journalist,（写这篇论文是我成为记者的第一步）是指的具体一件成功的事，为 抽象名词具体化。应选A。37、（l）Having adopted a new me
12、thod, they worked.（2） The teacher praised him for his working in organizing the conference.A. efficient;efficiencyB. efficiently;efficiency;C. efficiently;efficientD. efficient;efficient答案：B解析：考查形容词，副词，名词。句意：采用了新方法后，他们工作得很有效率。老师表扬了他组织会议的工作效率。A. efficient高效的（形容词）；efficiency效率（名词）；B. efficiently高效地（副词
13、）；efficiency效率 （名词）；C.efficiently高效地（副词）；efficient效率（名词）；D.efficient高效的（形容词），efficient高效的（形容词）。第一空需要副词修饰动词worked；第二空需填一个名词作介词for的宾语。应选B项。38、The boy gives the policeman a of what happened in the accident.A. descriptionB. describee. descriptiveD. descriptively答案：A解析：考查词义辨析。句意：那个男孩向警察描述了事故发生的经过。A.descr
14、iption描述，词性为名词；B.describe 描述，词性为动词；C.descriptive描写的；表达的；为形容词；D.descriptively表达地，为副词。结合题干设 空前的冠词，所以此处要用名词。应选A。39、We are very to meet you here again.A. pleasantB. pleasedC. pleasingD. pleasure12答案：B解析：考查名词/形容词词义辨析。句意：我们很高兴在这里再次见到你。A. pleasant （物）令人愉快的、（人）友 好的；B. pleased （人）感到高兴或满意；C. pleasing （物）令人愉悦的
15、；D. pleasure快乐。此处说明主语We 的状态，用修饰形容人的pleased符合句意。应选B项。40、 Thanks to the of the experienced worker, we completed the difficult task on time.A. potentials. bonusC. bugD. guidance答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在经验丰富的工人的指导下，我们按时完成了艰巨的任务。A.potential潜力； B.bonus奖金；C.bug故障;D.guidance指导。结合句意中,经验丰富的工人，可知guidance指导，符合句意, 应选
16、择D项。41 The kids-only Internet service is a great which will help parents control their childrens access to theInternet.A. certificateB. investigationC. innovationD. exception答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：儿童专用互联网服务是一项伟大的创新，它将帮助父母控制他们的孩子接入互联 网。A. certificate 证书；B. investigation 调查；C. innovation 仓U新；D. exception
17、例夕卜。根据上文“The kids-only Internet service is a great可知，指儿童专用互联网服务是一项伟大的创新，它将帮助父母控制他们的孩子接入 互联网，应用innovation。应选C。42、Though college education leads to more and better employment opportunities, it is not the only for asuccessful future.A. optionB. gorgeC. principle13答案：A 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管大学教育带来了更多更好的就业机会，
18、但它并不是一个成功的未来的唯一选择。A. option选项，选择；B. gorge峡谷；C.principle原那么。根据句意可知，句中指大学教育并不是通向成功 的未来的唯一选择，由此可知，空格处应用option”,意为选项，选择，名词词性，符合句意。应选A项。43、According to the picture, you can go there.A. when you want to have a restwhen you want to buy somethingB. when you want something to drink答案：A解析：考查名词。句意：根据图片，你可以去那里。
19、图片中文字意思：厕所、休息室。A.当你想休息时；B. 当你想买东西时；C.当你想喝点东西时。可知当你想休息时，你可以去那里。应选A。44、 Friends can be divided into many. Some are say-hello friends who I call acquaintances. Some are profit-related friends; some are true friends.A. portionsB. qualitiesC. varietiesD. ranges答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：朋友可以分为很多种类。有些是打招呼的朋友，我称之为
20、熟人。有些是与利益有14 关的朋友;有些是真正的朋友。A. portions局部;B.qualities质量；C. varieties种类；D.ranges范围。根据 “Some are say-hello friends who I call acquaintances. Some are profit-related friends; some are true friends.可知, 朋友会被分成很多种类。应选C。45It was discovered that children dislike watching their siblings fight. In fact, they r
21、espond to by supportingone sibling and pushing the other.A. commentsB. reflectionsC. argumentsD. occasions答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们发现孩子们不喜欢看兄弟姐妹打架。事实上，他们对争吵的反响是支持兄弟 姐妹中的一个，并且排挤另一个。A. comments评论；B. reflections反思，反射；C.arguments争吵；D.occasions场合，机会。根据前文fight和句意可知，此处指对争吵”的反响。应选C项。46、 According to the regulat
22、ions, you can only borrow a of ten books from the library.A. minimumB. majorityC. messD. maximum答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据规定，你最多只能从图书馆借十本书。A. minimum最小值；B. majority大多 数;C. mess混乱;D. maximum最大值。根据后文of ten books from the library指最多只能从图书馆借十本书, 应用a maximum of“最多。应选D。47 Typically, a mountain range will be the
23、 boundary between the area of two poleis （城邦）or a of water,because Greece has the sea winding through it everywhere.A. stretchB. pickC. profileD. division答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：比方，一座山脉,就能成为一种典型的城邦之间边界，由于希腊四处邻海，一段水域也15 可以成为边界。A.stretch（土地；水域）一片;一段;B.pick挑选；选择;C.profile概述;简介；D.division分 开；分隔。此处指把一段水域作为分界线
24、，应选A。48 The boss has in solving such a problem.A. many experiencesB. many experiencedC. much experiencedD. much experience答案：D解析：考查名词。句意：老板在解决这样的问题上有丰富的经验。空处为宾语，应用名词，名词experience意为经 验时是不可数名词，意为经历时是可数名词，根据句意可知，此处表示有很多经验，不可数名词用much 修饰，应选Do49、As senior three students, we had better follow the as much a
25、s possible from our teachers and parents;although they are a bit nagging （唠叨）,indeed we are expected to make in all aspects.A. advice; progressB. advices; progressC. advices; progressesD. advice; progresses答案：A解析：考查名词。句意：作为高三的学生，我们尽可能多地听取老师和家长的建议；虽然他们有点唠叨，但我们确 实有望在各方面取得进步。advice （建议）和progress （进步）都是
26、不可数名词，应选A。50 She has a good of the French language.A. nativeB. baseC. commandD. request答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:她精通法语。A. native本地人，当地人；B.base根基，基础；C mand命令， 掌握；D. request请求，需求。have a good command of为固定短语，意为精通。应选C。1651、During the speech, Professor Tang stressed that everyone should have the of voluntary an
27、dcontinuous learning.A. moodB. impressionC. conceptD. remark答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：唐教授在致辞中强调，每个人都应该有自愿和持续学习的观念。A. mood情绪；B. impression E1 象；C. concept 观念；D. remark 评论。本艮据下文“voluntary and continuous learning.可矢口，止匕处是 指人人都要有自愿和持续学习的观念。应选C。52、 During the pandemic, my mom expressed her about my health.A. co
28、mplaintB. concernC. curiosityD. doubt答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:疫情期间，妈妈对我的健康表示担忧。A. complaint抱怨；B.concern担忧；C.curiosity好奇;D.doubt怀疑。根据前半句During the pandemic可知,因为在疫情期间,所以空处需用名词 concern,表示妈妈对我的健康担忧。应选B。53、Do you have a work for this week, Doreen?A. headlines. attitudeC. scheduleD. identity答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：你
29、这周有工作安排吗，多琳？ A. headline头条新闻；B. attitude态度；C. schedule 口程、计划；D.identity身份。这里指工作安排。应选C。54、The car factory has produced a new car of high quality; its only is that it uses a lot of petrol.A. advantages. profitC. mistakeD. drawback答案：D17解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这家汽车厂生产了一款高质量的新车；它唯一的缺点是耗油量大。A. advantage有 利条件，优势；
30、B. profit利益，好处；C.mistake错误，过失；D.drawback缺点，不利条件。由语意可知，新 车有一个缺点，drawback符合语境，在句子作主语。应选D项。55、It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal would also be most likely to continue volunteer work.A. routineB. reflectionC. consumptionD. identity答案：D解析：考查名词词
31、义辨析。句意：通常认为那些志愿者工作是个人身份很重要一局部的人们最有可能会继续进行他们的志愿者工作A. routine例程，惯例；B.reflection反射；C. consumption消费；D. identity身份。结合句意 和part of their personal”可知，此处是指把志愿者角色看作个人身份的一局部，identity符合题意。应选D。56、 With top class home theatre, you can watch the latest movies in the of your own home.A. constructionB. limitationC.
32、 appointmentD. comfort答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：拥有一流的家庭影院，您可以在舒适的家中观看最新的电影。A. construction建设;limitation 限制；C. appointment 任命；D. comfort 舒适。根据With top class home theatre,“可知，可以在舒 适的家中观看电影。应选D。57、His primary concern is not with his own, but he focuses on how much more he can help others, revealing （展现）a fine
33、 character.A. independences. mannerC. entertainmentD. welfare答案：D 解析:18 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他最关心的不是自己的幸福，而是他能帮助别人多少，展现出他的优秀品质。A.independence 独立；B. manner 方式，举止；C. entertainment 娱乐；D. welfare 福祉，福利。根据 help others” 和revealing a fine character可知，他最关心的不是他自己的幸福。应选D。58 He made a good to his new school.A. ambition
34、B. participationC. presentationD. adaptation答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他很好地适应了新学校的生活。A. ambition雄心；B.participation参与；C. presentation展示；D. adaptation适应。根据句意可知，该处指“他进入新学校，快速地适应新环境。应选D。59、 Well, if you insist on eating so much, you will have to suffer the.A. consequencesB. exercisesC. evidenceD. exchanges答案：A解
35、析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:好吧，如果你坚持吃这么多，你将不得不承当后果。A. consequences后果；B. exercises练习；C.evidence证据；D.exchanges交换。根据句意可知,吃的太多会对健康造成不好的影响,由 此可知，应该是不得不承当后果。应选A项。60、 Export sales were up by 57% last year, so the company is confident of its further.A. downfallB. expansionC. supervisionD. investigation答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:
36、去年出口销售额增长了 57%,因此该公司对进一步扩张充满信心。A. downfall垮 台,衰败，下雨;B.expansion扩大,扩张;C.supervision监督;D. investigation调查。由语意可知,该公司 去年出口销售额增长了 57%,因此对进一步扩张信心满满。应选B项。61、Now that some endangered species are disappearing from the world at an alarming speed, its crucial to raise19A. advantages. focusC. companyD. anger答案：
37、B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，食品平安以及成为政府和社会关注的焦点。A. advantage优点；B. focus焦 点；C. company公司，陪伴；D.anger愤怒。根据句意，政府和社会关注食品平安，应选B项。5、My brother is a policeman.戈U线成分是A.主语B.谓语C.宾语D.表语答案：D解析：考查句子成分。句意：我的哥哥是一名警察。句子中，my brother为主语,is为系动词，a policeman在系 动词后作表语。应选D。6、 The police ordered him not to leave the city without.A. a
38、tmosphereB. baconC. curiosityD. permission答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:警察命令他未经允许不得离开这座城市。A. atmosphere气氛；B. bacon熏肉；C. curiosity好奇心；D. permission许可。由The police ordered him可知，此处应该是“未经允许不得离开这座城 市，permission符合句意。应选D项。7、 Anyway, whether they like it or not, they do give people a very good.A. impressionB. impressC
39、. impressiveD. impressed答案：A解析：考查名词。句意：不管怎样，不管他们喜欢与否，他们确实给人们一个很好的印象。A.impression印象；peoples of protecting our planet.A. comprehensionB. consciousnessC. conscience答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于一些濒危物种正以惊人的速度从世界上消失，提高人们保护地球的意识至关 重要。A. comprehension理解力；B.consciousness意识,观念；C.conscience良心，良知。根据句意可知,濒 危物种正以惊人的速度从世界
40、上消失，由此可知，应该提高人们保护地球的意识，consciousness意为意识, 观念，名词词性，raise ones consciousness of意为“提高某人 的意识。应选B项。62、My brother is a shy boy, so it is a great for him to sing in front of the judges and audience.A. chanceB. challengeC. characteristicD. change答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的弟弟是一个害羞的男孩，因此在裁判和观众面前唱歌对他来说是一个巨大的 挑战。A. c
41、hance机会；B. challenge挑战;C.characteristic特点,特征；D.change改变。根据句意可知,此处 表示弟弟害羞，当众唱歌对他是挑战。应选B。63、Cosplay, short for costume play, is a of costume creation and role-playing, and its a big part ofthe at Comic-Con, the annual pop culture exposition in San Diego.A. mix.sceneB. mix.sceneryC. confusion.sceneD. c
42、onfusion.scenery答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析句意；Cosplay (costume play的简称)是服装表演的缩写，是服装创作和角色扮演的混淆， 它是圣地亚哥年度流行文化博览会动漫展(Comic-Con)的重要组成局部。A.mix混合scene场景；B.mix混 合scenery 风景； C.confusion 7昆淆.scene 场景；D.confusion 7昆淆.scenery 风景。由 Cosplay 和 costume creation and role-playing 可矢口， Cosplay 是 costume creation and role-playin
43、g 的7昆合， 因止匕第空是 mix； 由 at20Comic-Con, the annual pop culture exposition in San Diego可知，它是圣地亚哥年度流行文化博览会动漫展 (Comic-Con)的重要组成局部，动漫展是一个场景，因此第二空是scene, scenery指的是自然风景，应选A。64 More and more people choose to shop in a supermarket as it offers a great of goods.A. combinationB. mixtureC. extensionD. variety答案：
44、D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:越来越多的人选择在超市购物，因为超市提供各种各样的商品。A. combination组 合；B. mixture混合物；C.extension延伸;D.variety品种。结合语境，a great variety of各种各样的,作量词, 固定搭配，符合题意。应选D项。65、great fun we had snowmen!A. What a, makingB. What a, to makeC. What, to makeD. What, making答案：D解析：考查感叹句和非谓语动词。句意：我们堆雪人是多么有趣啊!做某事开心是have fun (in)do
45、ingsth.此处用 makingo句子是what+(a/an)+形容词+可数名词/不可数名词+主语+谓语+其他！结构的感叹句，句中名词fun 是不可数名词，前面不用不定冠词。应选D。66、We take plagiarism (票！J窃)very seriously and, as a result, our publishing platform includes a comprehensive system to ensure.A. adaptations. maturityC. originalityD. distinctiveness答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们非常重视
46、剽窃，因此，我们的出版平台包括一个全面的系统，以确保原创性。A.adaptation适应；B.maturity成熟；C.originality独创性，原创性；D.distinctiveness独特性。结合句意,重视 剽窃，禁止剽窃，为的是确保原创，空处意思应该是原创性。应选C。2167、 Seeing the of my daughter playing with other kids on the beach, I felt so happy.A. sceneB. sceneryC. viewD. sight答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到女儿和其他孩子在海滩上玩耍的场景，我感到很
47、高兴。A. scene场景，场面；scenery （自然）风景；C.view视野,（从高处看到的）景色；D. sight景象，景点。根据playing with other kids on the beach可知，这里描绘的是一个孩子们玩耍的场面，应用scene。应选A。68 Malala Yousafzai, a（n）of womens rights, became a victim of terrorist attack.A. inventorB. competitorC. advocateD. composer答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:女权倡导者Malala Yousafza
48、i成为恐怖袭击的受害者。A. inventor创造者;B.competitor 竞争者；C. advocate 拥护者，倡导者；D. composer 创作者。根据became a victim of terrorist attack.可知，Malala Yousafzai是女权的倡导者。应选Co69、Music should be taught on a regular basis in schools because of the it can bring to the development ofthe brains of children.A. systemsB. prioritiesC. barriersD. benefits答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：学校应该定期教授音乐，因为它可以给孩子