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1、高中英语高考英语名词知识点专项训练带答案单项选择题（精选试题-名师出品）1、What he said and did during the earthquake made a deep on us.A. decisionB. situationC. impressionD. position答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他在地震期间的言行给我们留下了深刻的印象。A. decision决定；B.situation情况;C. impression E象；D. position 位置。根据上文“What he said and did during the earthquake made a
2、 deep”可知指 给某人留下深刻印象，短语为make a deep impression on sb.。应选Co2 Music should be taught on a regular basis in schools because of the it can bring to the development ofthe brains of children.A. systemsB. prioritiesC. barriersD. benefits答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：学校应该定期教授音乐，因为它可以给孩子们的大脑开展带来好处。A. systems系 统；B. prior
3、ities 优先权;C. barriers 障碍；D. benefits 利益。根据it can bring to the development of the brains of children可知，教授音乐对大脑开展带来好处。应选D。3、 The media are filled with about what roles women should play in society.A. crisisB. conventionC. stereotypesD. substances答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：媒体充满着关于女性应该在社会中扮演什么角色的刻板印象。A. crisis危
4、机；B.convention 习俗；C. stereotypes 亥U板E|1 象；D. substances 物质。 由 what roles women should play in society 可矢口， 媒体对于女性应该在社会中扮演什么角色，总有一个刻板印象。应选C项。30 Genius is one percent and ninety-nine percent perspiration.A. collectionB. orientationC. inspirationD. resource答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：天才是百分之一的灵感加上百分之九十九的汗水。A. co
5、llection聚集；B.orientation 方向； 信仰；C. inspiration 灵感；D. resource 资源。 根据and ninety-nine percent perspiration.可知， 天才需要灵感，但更多的是汗水。应选C。31、 The stronger the is, the more quickly a person will learn a foreign language.A. motivationB. contributionC. pressureD. possibility答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个人学习外语的动力越强，他就会学得越
6、快。A. motivation动力；B.contribution 贡献；C. pressure 压力；D. possibility 可能性。根据后文“the more quickly a person will learn aforeign language可知，此处指学习外语的动力越强，就学得越快,应用motivation。应选A。32、 Organize all the information you have collected according to your.A. outcomeB. outgoingC. outlineD. output答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据你
7、的提纲要点组织你收集到的所有信息。A. outcome结果；B. outgoing外出;C.outline提纲，概要；D.output输出。根据句意可知，根据提纲概要，组织所有信息，逻辑合理。应选C项。33、When the ship was about to sink, the captain had no but to give orders to abandon the ship.A. timeB. powerC. optionD. strength答案：C10解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：当船即将漂浮时，船长别无选择，只能下令弃船。A.time时间；B. power力量； C.opti
8、on选择；D. strength力气。固定短语have no option but to do sth.意为除了 别无选择，该空应该填 名词option,符合句意及其语法结构。应选C项。34、In of our motherland, a large number of people lost their lives.A. defendB. defendsC. defenceD. defending答案：c解析：考查名词。句意：为了保卫祖国，许多人献出了生命。固定短语in defence of保护，为了保卫，后常接名词 作宾语。应选C项。35、 I want to know the sport
9、ing that catch the peoples attention in China.A. accidentsB. eventsC. incidentsD. occasion答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想知道在中国引起人们关注的体育赛事。Aaccident意外、意外事故；B.event 大事、公开活动、比赛工程；Cincident事故、事件；D.occasion场合。分析句子可知，本句所谈到的是体育 赛事、体育活动，应选B。36 His rude behavior was really a, which made his friends embarrassed.A. virt
10、ueB. visionC. leisureD. disgrace答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的粗鲁行为真是一种耻辱，使他的朋友们感到尴尬。A. virtue美德，德行；B. vision 视力，视觉;C. leisure 闲暇；D. disgrace 耻辱,丢脸。根据空后“which made his friends embarrassed”可 知，因为让朋友们感到尴尬，由此可知，他的行为是一种耻辱。应选D。1137 Credits （学分）in Advanced Placement classes can greatly help students gain to competi
11、tiveuniversities.A. admissionB. distinctionC. boundaryD. approval答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：大学预修课程的学分可以极大地帮助学生进入有竞争力的大学。A.admission进入, 录取；B.distinction 区别；C.boundary 边界;D.approval 批准。由“Credits （学分）in Advanced Placement classes can greatly help students可知，句子表示“大学预修课程的学分可以极大地帮助学生进入有竞争力的大 学，因此空格处是录取，进入，应选A。38、
12、 One day while he was working as a lorry driver he had a close with death.A. confusingB. combinationC. criticizeD. encounter答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，当他正开着大卡车的时候，他和死神有一个亲密接触。A.confusing adj.难 以理解的；B bination n,结合（体）n.联合（体）；C.criticize v.批评，指责；D.encounter n.遭遇,偶遇。 根据句子结构可知，这里需要名词，被形容词close修饰，做动词had的宾语，分
13、析句子意思可知，他是卡车 司机，正在开车的时候应该是很危险的事情发生，所以是和死神有一个亲密接触，意思符合句意。应选D。39、People who do not smoke have less of suffering from lung cancer than those who do so.A. potentials. causeC. hopeD. choice答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：不吸烟的人比吸烟的人患肺癌的可能性小。A. potential可能性；潜在性；B. cause 原因；C.hope希望；D. choice选择。结合语境可知，句中将不吸烟的人与吸烟的人在患肺癌方
14、面的可能 性（大小）方面进行了比拟。have potential of doing sth”,固定短语，意为“有做某事的可能性”,符合语境搭12配。应选A项。40 They certainly need a of the fundamentals of playing their instruments, but learning to collaboraterequires understanding how these roles work together.A. stabilityB. graspC. acknowledgementD. manner答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：
15、他们当然需要掌握演奏乐器的基本知识，但学会合作需要理解这些角色是如何协 同工作的。A. stability坚定;B. grasp掌握、领会；C.acknowledgement成认;D. manner举止。根据空后的“of the fundamentals of playing their instruments”可知止匕处用 a grasp of 表示“掌握，应选 Bo41、After a careful survey, the hurricane of the house, which was not that severe, compared withneighboring ones, w
16、as assessed ata reasonable 1000 dollars.A. effectsB. damageC. ruinsD. crash答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过仔细的调查，飓风对这所房子的破坏，与邻近的房子相比并不严重，估计为1000 美元。A. effects 影响;B. damage 损害、损坏;C. ruins 废墟;D. crash 撞车。根据was assessed at a reasonable 1000 dollars可知此处在评估飓风对这所房子的破坏程度，应选B。42、This morning, Jenny was praised by our
17、English teacher because of her good in the Englishcompetition.A. performB. performingC. performedD. performance答案：D解析：考查名词词性转换。句意：今天早晨，詹妮被英语老师表扬了，因为她在这次英语竞赛中的良好表现。分析 可知空格处是名词作宾语，指英语竞赛中的良好表现，故应用名词performance,此处为不可数名词。应选D13项。43、While the Qinghai-Tibet Railway was under construction, how to protect the
18、 delicate ecosystem was among the top.A. concernsB. trendsC. characteristicsD. preferences答案：A 解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管青藏铁路在建设中，但是如何保护脆弱的生态环境列在了最大的担忧之列。A.concerns担忧;B.trends潮流；C.characteristics特征;D.preferences偏好。根据常识可知,对生态环境的破坏问题是公众所担忧的问题，只有A项符合语义逻辑，应选A项。44、In theof proof, the police could not take action
19、 against the man.A. lackB. shortageC. absenceD. failure答案：C 解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在没有证据的情况下，警方不能对那个人采取行动。A. lack缺少，多用于缺乏信 心、经验缺乏等场景；B.shortage短缺，指缺乏，但侧重达不到规定的，需要的或应有的数量；C.absence缺席，指某物根本不存在或完全短缺，或某人虽存在，但未到现场；D.failure失败。根据后文of proof, the police could not take action against the man表示事物根本不存在或完全短缺,应用 absenc
20、e,应选 Co 45 The lucky man had a narrow in series of accidents the other day.A. escapeB. claimC. lackD. limit答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：几天前，这个幸运的人在一系列事故中死里逃生。A. escape逃离；B.claim声称；C. lack缺乏；D. limit限制。根据lucky man,此处描述男人是幸运的，所以是男人逃离了事故，A项符合句意,应选A项。1446 We saw a flock of sparrows and Dad said that they had a wi
21、de throughout the country.A. distributions. possessionC. professionD. platform答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们看到一群麻雀，爸爸说它们广泛分布在全国各地。A. distribution分布，分发;possession 拥有，持有；C. profession 职业；D. platform 平台。结合空后的“throughout the country7可知，此 处指它们分布在全国各地。应选A项。47、 I hold a firm that the visiting team （客队） will lose.A.
22、 dietB. strengthC. beliefD. award答案：c解析：考查名词辨析。句意：我坚信客队会输。A.diet饮食；B.strength强度；C.belief信念；D.award奖励。分析句 子可知,根据that the visiting team （客队）will lose可知此处表示信念、相信,应选C项。小提示：48 Before liberation the laboring people had no to education.A. accessB. approachC. entranceD. admission答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：解放前，劳动人民没
23、有受教育的机会。A. access使用机会，通路；B. approach方 法,途径；C. entrance入口； D.admission准许进入。结合句意表达“有接触的机会，可以接触用have access to。应选 A。49、There is a world of between liking someone and loving them.A. differences. amusementC. expressionD. description15答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个喜欢一个人和爱一个人完全不同的世界。A. difference不同；B.amusement高兴；
24、C. expression表达；D. description描写。根据句子意思可知，like和love是近义词，但是 程度不一样，所以表达出它们的不同。应选A项。50 No, no injuries.A. deadB. deathC. deathsD. dying答案：C解析：考查名词。句意：没有人员伤亡。A. dead死的；B.death死亡；C.deaths死亡（复数）；D.dying临死的。分 析句子可知，no为形容词，意为（一个也）没有，后接名词，death意为死亡，为可数名词，根据句中 “injuries可知，空格处应用death的复数形式deaths。应选C项。51、 We may
25、 meet in our senior high school life, but we will never give up.A. descriptionsB. momentsC. challengesD. exchanges答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们可能会在高中生活中遇到挑战，但我们永远不会放弃。A. descriptions描述；moments片刻；C. challenges挑战；D.exchanges交换。根据句意和句中“we will never give up”可知,我们应 该是遇到挑战，但不放弃，challenge意为挑战，名词词性，challenges为其复数形
26、式，在句中作宾语。应选C项。52、His natural and wisdom made him very popular among the colleagues.A. charityB. chainC. charmD. chart答案：C 解析:16考查名词词义辨析。句意：他天生的魅力和智慧使他在同事中很受欢迎。Acharity慈善机构；B.chain链条；C.charm魅力；D. chart图表。根据wisdom可知，他天生的魅力和智慧使他在同事中很受欢迎。应选C项。53 Our main task at the moment is to provide a for the surviv
27、ors of the disaster-hit areas.A. routeB. concernC. shelterD. schedule答案：C 解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们目前的主要任务是，为受灾地区的幸存者提供庇护所。Aroute路线;B.concern 关心；C.shelter 避难所,住所；D.schedule 时间表。根据句中 for the survivors of the disaster-hit areas可知，此处指给受灾地区的幸存者提供住所。应选C。54、Giorgio, now fifteen, and Lucia, also in her teens, wer
28、e reaching the of their adolescence.A. crisisB. criterionC. causalityD. credibility答案：A 解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现年15岁的乔治和青少年的的露西亚正处于青春的危机期。A.crisis危机；B.criterion标准;C.causality因果关系；D.credibility可靠性。根据句意和选项可知,他们都处于青春期,有青春期的问题，所以应选危机。应选A项。55 The signing of this agreement will ease the international, which migh
29、t bring an end to conflicts between countries.A. tensionB. regulationC. processD. affection答案：A 解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这项协议的签署将缓解国际紧张局势，这可能会结束国家之间的冲突。A. tension紧张；B. regulation 规贝!J； C. process 过程；D. affection 喜欢。根据下文“which might bring an end to conflicts between countries可知，此处表示将会使国际的紧张局势结束。应选A。1756 Due t
30、he widespread of this medical technology, more diseases can be discovered and treated at anearly stage.A. approvals. applicationC. approachD. appreciation答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于这种医疗科技的广泛应用，更多的疾病可以在早期被发现和治疗。A. approval 赞成,同意;B.application申请,应用;C.approach方式,方法；D.appreciation欣赏。由于医疗科技广泛应 用，疾病才可能在早期被发现和治疗
31、，空处应用名词application,表示应用。应选B项。57 In the past few years, weve seen works by Chinese sci-fi writers winning international.A. considerationB. standardC. rewardD. recognition答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在过去的几年里，我们看到中国科幻作家的作品赢得了国际奖项。A. consideration 考虑；B. standard标准；C.reward奖励，奖项；D.recognition识别。由语意可知作品赢得了国际奖项。应选C
32、项。58、 You must read the on the bottle and take the right amount of medicine.A. explanationsB. introductionsC. constrictionsD. instructions答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：你必须仔细阅读药瓶上的说明，然后服用正确的剂量。A. explanations解释；B.introductions 介绍；C. constrictions 压缩；D. instructions 说明。根据句中“take the right amount of medicine”可 推知
33、，要读的是用药说明，instructions常用复数形式，表示说明，说明书，符合句意。应选D项。59 Sometimes a strong others attention might indicate a (n)self-confidence.A. passion for, adjustment to18B. devotion to; compassion infascination with; approach toC. desire for; lack of答案：D解析：考查名词与介词的搭配。句意：有时候，强烈渴望得到别人的关注可能说明你缺乏自信。Apassionfor对 的强烈爱好，a
34、djustment to 对 的调整；B.devotion to 致力于，compassion in 对 的同情；C. fascination with对的迷恋,approach to做的方法；D.desire for对的强烈渴望,lack of缺乏。根据语境和常识, 只有D项逻辑关系通顺，即：渴望被别人关注是一个人缺乏自信的表现，应选D。60、 Id love to, but I have a（an）with my doctor.A. appointments. certificateC. sympathyD. basement答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很想去，但是我和我的医生
35、有约。A. appointment约会；预约；B. certificate证 明;证明书;C.sympathy同情;D.basement地下室。根据后文my doctor（我的医生）可知，我应是与医生 约好了。have an appointment with sb.，固定短语，“与某人有约定（预约）”。应选A项。61 Finding information in todays world is easy. The is how you can tell if the information you get is usefulor not.A. contextB. challengeC. com
36、petitionD. stress答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在当今世界寻找信息是很容易的。挑战在于如何判断所获得的信息是否有用。A. context 语境,上下文；B. challenge 挑战；C. competition 竞争；D. stress 压力。根据how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not.可知，如何判断所获得的信息是否有用是很大的挑战。应选B。194、A short from Cusco takes you from Andes into the Amazon rainforest.A.
37、fightB. flightC. frightD. failure答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：从库斯科乘坐短途飞机把你从安第斯山脉带进亚马逊雨林。A. fight打架；B. flight 飞行；C. fright 惊吓;D. failure 失败。根据takes you from Andes into the Amazon rainforest可知，此处表示乘 坐飞机。应选B项。5、Our school is a beautiful campus.划线局部为 短语A.名词B.动词C.形容词D.副词答案：A解析：考查短语类型。句意：我们学校是一个美丽的校园。划线局部a beautifu
38、l campus是不定冠词a （一个）和形 容词beautiful （美丽的）作定语修饰名词campus （校园），所以划线局部是名词短语在句中作表语。应选A。6、 The event didnt live up to.A. expectedB. unexpectedC. expectationsD. expecting答案：c解析：考查名词的数。句意：这次活动辜负了人们的期望。liveuptoexpectations到达预期，不负所望，用复数名词 expectations, 应选 C。7、For those who refused to give the textbook a thoroug
39、h review, such an examination would go far beyond theirA. inspirations. restorationC. fascinationD. comprehension答案：D62 Although my new cellphone has many it doesnt well.A. functions, functions, function, functionsC. functions, functionsD. function,function答案：A解析：考查名词复数和助动词用法。句意：虽然我的新手机有很多功能，但运行不太好。
40、function作名词意为功能, 为可数名词，在many后应用复数形式。function作动词意为运行”，在助动词do或does后应用原形。应选Ao63 If man continued to waste natural resources with no thought for the future, the later would be in danger.A. representativesB. operatorsC. generationsD. candidates答案：C解析：考查名词。句意:如果人类不为未来着想而继续浪费自然资源，后代将处于危险之中。A.representative
41、s代表;operators经营者；C.generations世代；D.candidates候选人。结合句意,后代将会处于危险之中。应选C。64 Sara, try to do everything to the best within your.-OK, I will.A. abilityB. habitC. powerD. attention答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：莎拉，尽你所能做到最好。好的，我会的。A.ability能力；B. habit习惯；power权力；D. attention注意力。根据句意可知，句中指在你的“能力范围内，尽力把一切做到最好。ability意为能力，
42、名词词性,符合句意。应选A项。65、 There are many in your homework, so youd better correct them before you hand it in .20A. baseB. errorsC. behaviourD. bad答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：你的作业中有很多错误，所以你最好在交上来之前改正。Abase根基，基础；B. errors错误;C.behaviour行为;D. bad坏人，坏事。根据so youd better correct them ”可知，作业中有错误。 应选BoOnly a(n)of people are
43、 interested in that political issue.A. flockB. amountC. handfulD. bagful答案：c解析：考查固定短语。句意：只有少数人对那个政治问题感兴趣。A. flock (鸟或羊等动物)群，一大群人；B.amount数量；C.handful一把；少数，少量；D.bagful满口袋。a handful of少量的，一小局部。根据空前的 on可知只有少数的人对政治感兴趣。应选C。67 You cant take photos without her.A. adventureB. faultC. patienceD. permission答案
44、：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:没有她的允许你不能拍照。A.adventure冒险；B.fault过错；C.patience耐心；0 .permission允许。由You cant take photos without her可知，句子意为“没有她的允许你不能拍照，因此空 格处为允许，应选D。68、The Great Wall is a great tourist, drawing millions of visitors every year.A. attentionB. attractionC. appointmentD. arrangement答案：B21解析: 考查名词词义辨析。句
45、意：长城是一个伟大的旅游景点，每年吸引数以百万计的游客。A. attention注意力；B.attraction 有吸引力的事物；C. appointment 约会;D. arrangement 安排。根据drawing millions of visitors every year 可知，应使用名词attraction构成名词词组tourist attraction,意为“旅游景点使 应选B项。69 To solve the problem, the engineers tried out different）but none seemed to work well.A. approache
46、sB. statementsC. ranksD. associations答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了解决这个问题，工程师们尝试了不同的方法，但似乎没有一种效果很好。A.approaches方法；B.statements陈述；声明；Cranks等级；级别；D. associations协会；联盟。根据前文目的状语Tosoh/e the problem（为了解决问题）可知，应是为了解决问题尝试了不同的方法。应选A项。70 The program is aimed to give the people in the countryside to safe drinking water
47、.A. accessB. passageC. wayD. approach答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析和短语。句意：这个工程目标是给农村人提供使用平安饮水的机会。Aaccess接触；B.passage通道；C.way方式；D.approach方法。根据access to （使用.的机会）可知空格处填access。应选AoXiongan New Area（XNA） in Hebei Province will cover around 200 square kilometres after its.A. expectations. expansionC. exceptionD. exhibit
48、ion答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：河北雄安新区扩建后将占地约200平方公里。A. expectation期待；B.expansion扩大，扩建；C. exception 例夕卜；D. exhibition 展览。根据上文“cover around 200 square kilometres aftehts”可知，22表示扩建后将占地约200平方公里，应用expansion。应选B。72 What a! I wasnt expecting to see you here.A. classicB. characteristicC. certificateD. coincidence答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：真巧啊！